How to do a good job of biological safety in pig farms.

1. Understanding of pig farm biosafety In short, pig farm biosafety refers to controlling all factors that endanger the health of pigs to ensure the safe and efficient operation of pig production.

"Pig farm biosafety" and "pig farm epidemic prevention" are two terms with different meanings. "Swine epidemic prevention" generally refers to the prevention and control of infectious diseases, mainly to prevent infectious pathogenic microorganisms from invading pig farms and preventing infectious diseases from spreading among pigs, while "pig farm biosafety" not only includes the prevention and control of infectious diseases, but also mainly means maintaining the health level of pigs themselves. Biosafety in pig farms includes epidemic prevention in pig farms, but it is not the same as epidemic prevention in pig farms.

Biosafety in pig farms expresses the meaning that "production considering the health limit of pigs is safe pig production". In the absence of a major epidemic, a group of pigs should be healthy. Because of the excessive pursuit of high-tech indicators and high efficiency in pig breeding technology, it challenges the health limit of pigs, but ignores the supply and guarantee of its high production level, which exceeds the health tolerance of pigs and harms their health. This kind of production is unsafe.

Biosafety management in pig farms is a concept of systematic management. Many pig diseases are not caused by infectious pathogenic microorganisms, but by bad environment, bad technical operation methods and inferior feed. These bad factors attack and destroy the original healthy pigs, and pathogenic microorganisms take advantage of it, causing greater safety accidents. To solve these problems, it is necessary to do a good job in pig farm system management.

Second, the importance of biosafety At present, the immune memory of highly selective pigs in large-scale pig farms is declining from generation to generation, and the limited space and high feeding density further aggravate the decline of pig resistance. There are many problems in all kinds of pig farms, such as epidemic disease, difficult treatment, poor reproductive performance and low production performance. At the same time, how to interrupt the three links of epidemic diseases through various means, establish a healthy pig herd, prevent the occurrence of epidemic diseases, ensure the normal production development of pig farms, and obtain higher production performance and economic benefits is a problem facing every pig farmer, which is the basis and background for establishing a biosafety system.

Third, how to do a good job of biological safety in pig farms? Biosafety system of intensive pig farms is the general name of a collection system of methods to eliminate the threat of epidemic diseases, protect the health of pigs, ensure the normal production development of pig farms and give full play to production advantages by various means. Generally speaking, it mainly includes two aspects: isolation and disinfection. So as to prevent harmful pathogenic microorganisms (including parasites) outside the pig farm from entering the pig farm; Prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms (including parasites) in pig farms; Prevent pathogenic microorganisms (including parasites) from spreading to other pig farms.

Four. Operational matters of implementing biosafety system 1. Isolation: specifically, it includes the isolation between the pig farm itself and the external environment, the isolation of newly introduced breeding pigs inside the pig farm, the isolation of personnel and the isolation of sick pigs from healthy pigs.

(1) Isolation of pig farm from external environment:

1. When choosing a pig farm, we should consider the natural environment barrier. There should be no other farms and meat processing plants around it, and the distance from the village center and main roads should be at least 1 km.

2. It is forbidden to keep birds, dogs, cats and other animals in isolation from the outside world, and kill rats, mosquitoes, flies and blood-sucking insects to control pests. If possible, nets can be set around and above the site to prevent birds from entering, effectively cut off the transmission route of diseases and reduce the contact between pathogens and susceptible animals.

(2) Isolation of newly introduced breeding pigs in pig farms: introduction quarantine and isolation: pig farms should have special breeding pig isolation houses. Before the introduction of breeding pigs, do a good job in investigating the epidemic situation in the place of origin to ensure that imported breeding pigs do not carry epidemic diseases. When they are taken to their destination, they should be isolated in isolation houses for 30 to 60 days, preferably 60 days. After passing the quarantine inspection, each row of breeding pigs should be mixed with one of the breeding pigs in this field to adapt the foreign breeding pigs to the microbial community in this field, and all kinds of vaccines should be inoculated during the isolation period. The isolation room adopts the all-in and all-out system, and the batches should be strictly emptied, cleaned and disinfected.

(3) Isolation of personnel

1, the internal division of the farm should be clear, in order to produce the due epidemic prevention effect, especially the office area and living area of the production area should be clearly divided, the division between the production areas should be clear, and the clean roads and dirty roads should be clearly divided to avoid the formation of epidemic prevention hidden danger areas.

2, the pig farm should be fully enclosed management, it is strictly prohibited to personnel and vehicles in and out of the pig farm gate.

3. Personnel isolation: Personnel are dangerous, common and difficult to prevent in the spread of livestock and poultry diseases, and must be effectively controlled. Personnel activities in the pig farm should be as follows: (1) Foreigners are not allowed to visit the production area, receive visitors and stay at the designated place in the living area. (2) On-site employees are not allowed to eat purchased live pig products and keep pets. (3) When the production personnel enter the production area, they must take a shower and change the disinfected special work clothes, shoes and hats before entering. Work clothes, shoes and hats must be disinfected after each use. (4) The personnel and appliances in each production stage in the production area shall be fixed, and shall not be used together at will, and the appliances in each workshop shall not be borrowed or used interchangeably. When technicians need to check the condition of pigs, they must wear sterilized work clothes, hats and shoes. Check from healthy pigs to sick pigs, from piglets to big pigs, and disinfect again when entering different pig houses at the same time. (5) The staff in the production area shall not provide services such as diagnosis and treatment. (6) Employees in the production area should be isolated in the living area for 48 hours before entering the production area.

(4) Isolation of sick pigs: In order to prevent the disease from spreading and spreading in this field, it is necessary to establish an isolation house for sick pigs. All pigs with diseases will be transferred to the isolation house and will be isolated and treated by special personnel until they are released.

Second, disinfection.

First, the hospital disinfection

1, disinfect the people entering the venue. A cement disinfection pool with the same width as the gate is set at the entrance. The disinfectant in the pool is replaced every 2-3 days, and sodium hydroxide can be selected. Personnel entering the site must change their shoes, step on the disinfection pool, and enter after disinfection in the ultraviolet disinfection room 15 minutes or spray disinfection. After admission, personnel should also wash their hands and disinfect at any time. The disinfectant used should be non-irritating and odorless to human skin, and hydrogen peroxide and bromogeramine (quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant) solution can be selected.

2. Vehicle disinfection. No vehicles are allowed to enter the production area, and the wheels and carriages of foreign pig transport vehicles need to be fully sprayed and disinfected. Peracetic acid can be selected.

(2), production area disinfection

1, prevent outsiders from visiting the production area. Employees are not allowed to keep pets, enter slaughterhouses or carry animal products or articles that may be infected. Veterinarians in this field are not allowed to treat diseases outside. Pig buyers and vehicles are not allowed to enter the production area.

2. Workers who enter the production area from the living area must disinfect, shower, change clothes (wear work clothes) and change shoes in the disinfection locker room before entering the pig farm.

3. The breeders in different pig houses are not allowed to gather together during the feeding time, and the appliances in each workshop are not allowed to be borrowed or cross-used: technicians must wear sterilized work clothes, hats and shoes when they need to check the situation of pigs, and the inspection should be carried out from healthy pigs to sick pigs, from piglets to big pigs, and they should be disinfected again when entering different pig houses.

4. The instruments can only enter the site after being soaked, sprayed or directly disinfected by ultraviolet rays.

5. Bags or straw mats soaked with disinfectant should be placed at the entrances and exits of sick pig houses and isolation houses. The disinfectant can be 3% caustic soda solution.

③ Disinfection of piggery

1, routine disinfection. Insist on cleaning the pigsty every day, keep the trough, net bed and utensils clean, and clean the ground, and choose efficient, low-toxic and broad-spectrum disinfection drugs for disinfection.

2, regular disinfection. Disinfect the environment around the pig farm and pigsty regularly, and disinfect the pigs in the pigsty regularly, 2 ~ 3 times a week. During the epidemic, delivery rooms and nursery houses were disinfected l times a day, and other pig houses were disinfected l times every two days.

3, to implement the system of unit feeding, all in and all out. After each batch of pigs is transferred out, before the next batch of pigs is transferred to the pen, the floor, pen house, walkway, trough, utensils and sewer of the pig house should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.

4. When sows go to the delivery bed and piglets are transferred to other groups, the body surface of pigs should be disinfected. During the production of sows, it is necessary to ensure that the breasts and vulva of sows are clean and hygienic, and strictly disinfected, and then dried and sent to the designated place.

5. Disinfect syringes, needles, scalpels, scissors, tweezers, ear pliers, hemostatic forceps, etc. After cleaning, boil the disinfection pot for 30 minutes before using it.

6. Piglets' piercings, teeth cutting, tail cutting and other wounds of pigs should be disinfected in time to prevent infection. Rub with 5% iodine cotton ball several times until it is cured.

7. Before breeding, the lower abdomen, allantois and vulva of boars should be cleaned and disinfected. When using artificial insemination, we should have the concept of aseptic operation to avoid the influence of personnel, equipment and environment on semen quality.

④ Disinfection during illness.

When infectious diseases such as diarrhea occur, the pens infected with pigs should be isolated and adjusted, and the pens should be cleaned, washed, disinfected by drugs, disinfected by flame and dried. Cement beds and pig houses that are easy to dry after washing need to be cleaned with water. When the symptoms of mouth and foot ulcers appear, use 3% aqueous caustic soda solution in the building corridor and disinfect the ground with Baidu. When respiratory diseases and other diseases occur, clean, ventilate and take pigs for disinfection. At this time, the concentration of disinfectant is l times higher than usual. When killing eggs, clean and wash the ground, disinfect with 3% caustic soda water solution, and then disinfect with flame.

(5) Harmless treatment of wastes such as feces.

1, the manure can be disinfected by bio-thermal method (fermentation tank or manure pile method), and the pig manure accumulation place should be far away from the pigsty and disinfected regularly. Sewage can be treated by precipitation, filtration or chemical substances (2.5g bleaching powder is used per liter of sewage).

2. Disposal of dead pigs, stillbirths and fetal membranes. Strictly deal with dead pigs, stillbirths, fetal membranes and wastes, pack them in sealed bags, burn them or bury them deeply. After removing feces, sewage and dirt, the place where sick pigs stay is thoroughly disinfected with 4% sodium hydroxide solution; Feces and dirt are transported out of the pigsty through special lanes.

3. Garbage disposal. Domestic garbage should be placed in a designated place, burned regularly or transported to a special garbage disposal site for treatment. Regularly remove garbage, sundries and weeds, and do a good job in environmental sanitation around the pigsty.

6), disinfection matters needing attention

1, before disinfection, clean, soak and scrub to remove surface attachments, and thoroughly clean them, and the disinfection work is almost half finished; Then prepare disinfectant for disinfection according to regulations. In the absence of epidemic diseases, the surrounding environment should be disinfected more than twice a month, mosquitoes and flies should be eliminated regularly, and the off-season regulations should be strictly implemented.

2. Indoor temperature, disinfection time, drug concentration and spraying amount all affect the disinfection effect. The room temperature is 10 ~ 30℃, and the higher the temperature, the better the disinfection effect. General drug action time is not less than 0.5 hours.

3, preventive disinfection, the use of medium concentration of drug instructions, sick disinfection using the concentration of instructions.

4, disinfection, should be comprehensive without dead angle.

5. Replace disinfectants every month to avoid drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms.

6. It is forbidden to use the "three noes" disinfectant without manufacturer, production date and specification.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Vulnerability of biosafety in pig farms Intensive animal husbandry has put forward higher requirements for biosafety. However, the current industry attaches great importance to biosafety and the corresponding applied technology research does not match the speed of intensive development. Many so-called biosafety measures are only "formalism" to some extent. Some practices can only seek a kind of "psychological comfort".

First of all, according to the established immunization plan, livestock and poultry will be safe, and disinfection is not important.

In fact, immunity is not a panacea for all diseases. After immunization, the human body produces a certain level of antibodies to prevent the occurrence of corresponding diseases. The antibody level produced by immune response will be affected by many factors, such as immunization time and immunization mode, vaccine quality, disease infection pressure, animal health level, feed quality and so on. Therefore, immunization according to the set procedures is only one of the key steps of biosafety measures in livestock farms.

2. Disinfectants should be rotated regularly to avoid drug resistance.

Whether disinfectants are used alternately depends on the sterilization mechanism of disinfectants used. The sterilization mechanism of the selected disinfectant is osmotic sterilization, so there will be no drug resistance problem. In osmotic sterilization mode, disinfectant directly penetrates the cell membrane of bacteria or viruses, oxidizes lipids, protein components and DNA in bacteria and viruses, and kills bacteria and viruses. Once the disinfectant comes into contact with bacteria and viruses, the killing process can be completed. Bacteria and viruses have no chance to adapt to disinfectants, alcohols, aldehydes, phenolic preparations and so on.

The principle of disinfectant rotation should be determined according to the biosafety situation faced by livestock farms.

Third, washing the house with high-pressure water can get a good cleaning effect, and you can sit back and relax after thorough disinfection.

High-pressure water can only wash away the organic matter attached to the inner surface of the house and discharge it to the outside, which will bring new pollution to other workshops or the whole production area. Biofilms on indoor walls and equipment surfaces will continue to adversely affect production.