Safety management measures for tower crane?

What are the specific contents of safety management measures for tower cranes? The following Zhong Da Consultation will answer your questions.

3. 1. Mandatory provisions of Technical Specification for Safe Use of Construction Machinery (jggj33-2001): 3.1.1. Machinery must be operated correctly and used reasonably according to the technical performance, bearing capacity or use conditions specified in the factory manual, and overloading or arbitrarily expanding the scope of use is prohibited. 3. 1.2. Various mechanical safety protection devices and automatic alarm and signal devices, such as monitoring, indication, instruments, alarms, etc. Should be intact, any defects should be repaired in time. Do not use machines with incomplete or invalid safety protection devices. 3. 1.3. Lifting commanders must hold relevant certificates, and operators should cooperate closely to carry out the specified command signals. The operator should act according to the commander's signal. When the signal is unclear or wrong, the operator can refuse to perform. 3. 1.4. Remember that safety devices such as amplitude indicator, torque limiter, lifting weight limiter and various travel switches shall be intact, sensitive and reliable, and shall not be adjusted or removed at will. It is forbidden to replace the operating mechanism with limiters and limiting devices. During the operation of the crane, no one is allowed to stay, work or pass under the boom. When lifting heavy objects, it is forbidden to pass above people. It is forbidden to use cranes to carry people. 3. 1.5. Cranes are mainly used for cable traction, oblique hoisting and lifting heavy objects buried underground or solidified on the ground and other objects with unknown weights. The concrete members or templates poured on site must be completely loosened before lifting. 3. 1.6. It is forbidden to lift heavy objects and hang them in the air for a long time. In case of sudden failure during operation, measures should be taken to land the heavy objects in a safe place and repair them after turning off the engine or cutting off the power supply. In case of sudden power failure, all controllers should be set to zero immediately, the main switch of power supply should be turned off, and measures should be taken to make heavy objects fall to the ground. 3. 1.7. The disassembly and assembly of the crane must be carried out by a professional team that has obtained the disassembly qualification certificate issued by the construction administrative department, and technical and safety personnel should be present to supervise. 3.2. Safety measures for tower crane: 3.2. 1. Tower crane installation, the foundation concrete strength must reach more than 75% before installation, the foundation construction material certificate is complete, and the construction meets the design requirements. The allowable deviation of foundation elevation is11000; 3.2.2. The normal working environment temperature of the crane is -20 ~ 40℃. 3.2.3. Under the maximum installation height of the crane, the wind speed is not greater than Grade 6 when working, and it is not greater than Grade 4 when climbing or jacking. 3.2.4. After the crane is installed, the allowable deviation of verticality between the tower axis and the foundation plane is 4/ 1000 in windless state. 5.2.5, crane grounding must be solid and reliable, crane grounding device resistance is not more than 4ω. 3.2.6. After the crane is moved to the construction site and re-installed, no-load, static load and dynamic load tests must be carried out before lifting operation can be carried out. Before that, do the following work for the tower crane: 3.2.6. 1. Check various mechanisms and components of tower crane, such as metal structure and welding seam, bolt quality of important components, pin shaft, hoisting mechanism and wire rope, pulley system (pulley shaft wear), hook, spreader, and electrical equipment and lines; 3.2.6.2. Inspection of jacking system: Check the hydraulic cylinder and tubing, jacking sleeve structure, guide wheel, jacking leg (climbing claw), etc. 3.2.6.3. Inspection of rotating tower: check the main and auxiliary ground anchors used for rotation, the lifting wire rope falling off the tower and the braking system of the lifting mechanism; 3.2.7. When working at night, in addition to the tower crane itself, the construction site must have good lighting conditions to ensure that the line of sight of drivers and tower crane commanders is not affected; 3.2.8. The crane shall be installed away from the high-voltage wires. When the jib, balance arm and hook interfere with ordinary power lines or lighting lines, the crane must take safety measures according to Article 65438 of GB 5 144-94 before it can operate. 3.2.9. In case of heavy snow, thunderstorm, rainstorm, fog, etc. The crane should stop working. In case of other circumstances, it shall be implemented in accordance with (JG/T 100- 1999) Operation and Use Rules for Tower Cranes. If the weather forecast says there will be strong winds above 10, the tower crane should be reinforced with cables. 3.2. 10. Crane operators must read the instructions carefully and have some training, and obtain the operation certificate. The tower crane shall be fixed and operated by someone, and the special person shall be responsible for the special plane. Non-crew members are not allowed to enter the cab for operation without authorization. Maintenance personnel shall not climb the tower crane privately, and there must be full-time maintenance personnel when dealing with electrical accidents; 3.2. 1 1. After the crane stops working, ensure that the boom can rotate freely with the wind. 3.2. The load limit of12 cab is 150. It is forbidden to have flammable and explosive substances such as lubricating oil and cotton yarn. When heating with electric stove, more attention should be paid to fire prevention. 3.2. 13. The use of cranes must be carried out and managed in strict accordance with the provisions of the special plan and the instructions for tower cranes. 3.2. 14. Settlement observation: the settlement observation of tower crane shall be conducted once every half month, and the verticality within the independent height of tower crane shall be measured once every half month. When the verticality deviation of the tower body exceeds11000 of the tower height, the tower body should be rectified, and the tower body should be tightened with steel wire rope during rectification; 3.2. 15. In case of power failure or voltage drop during the operation of tower crane, immediately set the controller to zero and cut off the power supply. If there is a heavy object hanging on the hook, the brake should be used slightly loosely and tightly repeatedly to lower the heavy object to a safe place. 3.2. 16. The tower crane commander shall carry out the specified command signal, and when working away from the ground, the commander shall contact the operators with walkie-talkies; 3.3. Crane jacking operation: 3.3. 1. In the process of jack-up operation, there must be someone to command, take care of the power supply, operate the hydraulic system and tighten the bolts by someone. Non-related operators shall not board the climbing platform, and shall not start the pump valve switch or electrical equipment without authorization; 3.3.2. In the process of jack-up operation, there must be someone to check it carefully. Before jack-up, the vertical cable of the tower must be loosened, so that the relaxed length of the cable exceeds the total height to be jack-up, so as to prevent the cable from being pinched, scraped, bumped and squeezed. 3.3.3. Jack-up operation should be carried out during the day. Under special circumstances, when it is necessary to work at night, sufficient lighting equipment must be provided. 3.3.4. Jack-up (lowering) operation is not allowed under any of the following circumstances: 3.3.4. 1. The working height is above wind level 4, and it is rainy, snowy and foggy. 3.3.4.2. In a smoky environment; 3.3.4.3. Before jacking, firmly put the rotating parts on the brake. It is forbidden to rotate the upper part and other impermissible operation modes. Adjust the position of the truck to balance the weight of the jacking part, so as to minimize the unbalanced bending moment on the tower. 3.3.4.4. In the process of jack-up, if there is any fault, stop and check immediately. After finding out the reason, you can continue to climb. 3.3.4.5. Before and after each jack-up, the preparatory work and finishing work must be done carefully, especially after jack-up, whether the main chord of the connecting bolt is fastened as required, whether it is loose, whether the power switch of the hydraulic system is cut off, etc. , confirmed qualified rear can end jack-up work; 3.3.4.6. After jack-up, rotate the boom at different angles to check the fastening of high-strength bolts at each joint of the tower (when the main chord is below the balance arm, tighten the bolts on the chord); 3.4. Preoperative preparation: 3.4. 1. After the main power supply is connected, the electrical prospecting personnel must check whether the metal structure of the crane has electricity, and then climb the tower crane to ensure safety; 3.4.2. Before turning off the main power switch in the driver's cab, turn off the subsection control switch of the control box, and then don't pull it down, and then check whether each operation switch is set to zero. After the main power switch is turned on, check the voltage and power supply, and operate only if it meets the requirements; 3.4.3. Check that the oil quantity of hydraulic oil tank and brake oil storage device should comply with the regulations, and there is no leakage in each oil circuit; 3.4.4. Before operation, the driver must check the following items and ensure that they are in good condition before starting operation: 3.4.4. 1. No-load operation for one operation cycle; 3.4.4.2. Try to lift heavy objects; 3.4.4.3. Check and verify the lifting height, amplitude and other limiting devices and safety protection devices such as lifting torque and lifting weight limiter; 3.4.5. The wire rope must be wound neatly on the drum, and operation is not allowed under the following circumstances: 3.4.5. 1. Climbing rope, scraping rope, gnawing rope, hooking rope, and winding rope by hoist; 3.4.5.2. When multi-layer winding, the ropes between layers are stuck; 3.4.6. It is forbidden to misplace tools, parts or sundries in various parts of the crane, and it is forbidden to throw articles down from the crane. 3.4.7. For cranes that have been out of service for more than one month, all components must be lubricated, maintained and inspected when put into use; 3.4.8. During operation, routine maintenance and regular maintenance must be carried out in accordance with the provisions of this manual; 3.4.9. Fill in the succession resume and various records; 3.5. Crane operation: 3.5. 1. The operation must be carried out in strict accordance with JG/T 100- 1999 Operation and Use Rules for Tower Cranes; 3.5.2. The driver can only operate after receiving the command signal. Before the operation, he must ring the bell (whistle) to call the police and concentrate on the operation. 3.5.3. The driver must work in strict accordance with the range and lifting capacity specified in the crane characteristic table, and shall not work overload; 3.5.4. Tower cranes are not allowed to stay and hang articles, and are forbidden to be used for pile pulling and similar operations; 3.5.5. No one is allowed on the tower ladder and platform during work, and no adjustment or maintenance of machinery is allowed during work. It is forbidden to use the hook of crane to carry people. 3.5.6. It is forbidden to idle people near the boom during work; 3.5.7. It is forbidden to change or disassemble the adjustment values of protection devices, hydraulic systems, structural components and various safety devices of various electrical systems at will; 3.5.8. Before the crane stops rotating, it is forbidden to use the rotating brake; 3.5.9. In the positive and negative mechanism, when reversal is needed, the reversal switch can only be turned on after the inertia force disappears and the motor stops running. It is forbidden to suddenly start the forward and reverse switch; 3.5. 10. For the operation of institutions with fast and slow gears, it must be from slow to fast, or from fast to slow, and it is forbidden to operate beyond the gear. Stop for 2 ~ 4 seconds every shift; 3.5. 1 1. When the lifting mechanism lifts the object at a low speed, the continuous running time with full load is not allowed to exceed 2 minutes every 10 minute to avoid burning out the motor; 3.5. 12. The load of the truck maintenance basket shall not exceed 100㎏. It is forbidden to carry people in the maintenance basket when lifting articles; 3.5. 13. Before getting off work, the driver must lift the hook to a position 3m higher than the highest obstacle, and the truck stays at a position 30m away from the center of the fuselage; 3.5. 14. Before leaving the cab, reset all operating switches to zero, loosen the slewing brake, cut off the indoor power supply, lock the cab door, and cut off the steel shell switch of the main power supply after getting off. 3.6. Maintenance, maintenance and repair of cranes: 3.6. 1. Cranes should be inspected and maintained frequently. There should be enough lubricating oil in the rotating parts, and the worn parts must be inspected, repaired or replaced frequently. The bolts of the mechanism, especially the bolts with frequent vibration, such as the connecting bolts of the tower, should be checked for looseness and wear damage, and if they are loose, they must be tightened in time; 3.6.2. Maintenance of mechanical equipment: 3.6.2. 1. The lubrication of gear box, external gear and other parts should be oiled and smeared according to the requirements in the table. When changing the oil, the iron filings and impurities in the clean box should be removed, and the cleanliness and filling degree of the oil should be paid attention to when refueling; 3.6.2.2, check all parts of the wire rope for broken wires and loose strands. If the broken wires and loose strands exceed 5% or the nominal diameter wear exceeds 5%, please replace the new wire rope. Wire rope graphite grease should be filled; 3.6.2.3. Each transmission mechanism must have a protective cover and cannot be disassembled at will. 3.6.2.4, be sure to check the fastening of the connecting bolts of all parts. If it is loose, tighten it in time. When the tower is compressed, check the tightness of the connecting bolts; 3.6.2.5. Always check whether the transmission shaft of each equipment is operating normally and whether there is noise. If faults are found, they must be eliminated in time; 3.7. Maintenance of hydraulic jacking system: 3.7. 1. The hydraulic oil used should be refueled according to the regulations in the lubrication table, which should exceed the working oil level, but not higher than the highest oil level (if there is no oil level indicator, it should be added above the zero oil level of the liquid thermometer 160 ㎜ to 220 ㎜), and it is usually replaced once every six months; 3.7.2. Turn on the power supply, and pay attention to that the rotating direction of the motor must be consistent with the marked arrow direction; 3.7.3. Check whether the hose connection is consistent with the schematic diagram, and regularly check whether the pipe joints of all parts are fastened, and oil leakage is not allowed; 3.7.4. After the relief valve pressure is adjusted, it shall not be changed at will. Check whether the pressure is normal with an oil pressure gauge before each jacking; 3.7.5. Always check whether the oil filter is blocked, and check whether the adjustment value of the safety valve changes after use; 3.7.6. If leakage is found, repair the oil pump and control valve in time, and clean the oil tank when replacing hydraulic oil. The pressure of the pressure valve shall not be changed at will after adjustment, and the pressure gauge shall work normally before climbing; 3.8. Maintenance of electrical system: 3.8. 1. Maintenance and maintenance of power supply lines: check whether all cables are damaged during use. If there is any damage, bandage or replace the damaged parts in time.

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