How long does it take to raise local yellow cattle from birth to slaughter?

It takes two years for local cattle to be born and slaughtered.

1, ox

Yellow cattle is an ordinary cattle breed inherent in China. The horns are short, the fur is yellow-brown or black, and there are also short hairs with variegated colors. Used for plowing or pulling carts, eating meat and tanning. Its number of breeding heads in China ranks first among domestic animals or cattle, and its breeding areas are almost all over the country. It is mainly used for labor in agricultural areas, labor and milk in semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas, and milk and meat in pastoral areas. Due to different natural environment and feeding conditions, there are differences in body shape and performance, which can be divided into three types: northern yellow cattle, central plains yellow cattle and southern yellow cattle. Yellow is the most common fur of cattle. This breed may be named after yellow, but it also has reddish brown and black. The head is slightly heavier, with different angles and round roots. Strong physique, compact structure, muscular, strong limbs and firm hooves. There are about 25 kinds of yellow cattle in China, and the top five are Nanyang cattle, Qinchuan cattle, Luxi cattle, Yanbian cattle and Jinnan cattle, which are collectively called the five major yellow cattle breeds in China.

2. Living habits

Yellow cattle is a local breed of Mongolian cattle, which has been breeding in the westernmost part of Gansu for a long time. It is distributed all over the county, but it is the best in Zhen Shi, Ziqiao and Bulongji. Therefore, it is also called "Zi Qiao Niu" and "Practical Niu". Special adaptability to environmental conditions. Over the past 20 years, nearly 10,000 cows with various purposes have been exported to Henan, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong, Anhui, Zhejiang, Xinjiang and Qingyang, Pingliang, Tianshui, Dingxi, Linxia and Zhangye in this province. Because it has the characteristics of heat resistance, cold resistance, grazing resistance, disease resistance, roughage resistance and wide adaptability. 1982 In August, 1982 was officially recognized as an excellent local variety in Gansu Province by Gansu Provincial Animal Husbandry Committee and Gansu Provincial Animal Husbandry Department, and was listed in Gansu Provincial Animal Breeding Catalogue. In April, 1984 "China Cattle Breed Records" was included in the final meeting of China Livestock and Poultry Breed Records. It has been officially recognized as a national excellent local variety.

Cattle have strong adaptability, rough feeding resistance and good grazing performance. The highest temperature in Guazhou is 45 degrees in summer and the lowest temperature in winter is MINUS 29 degrees. There are more than 70 days of strong winds above magnitude 7 throughout the year, and the evaporation is 70 times of rainfall. However, in the hot season, cattle are not afraid of sunshine and heat, and eat, graze and ruminate normally. In the cold season, we are not afraid of cold and strong winds, and we always eat grass roots and branches. In warm winter and spring, there is less fat loss, less lack of spring and less death. In the desert with sparse vegetation, grassland can only be restored by grazing. Not only has strong disease resistance, but also has special resistance to many diseases.

3. Breeding technology

Yellow cattle have some shortcomings, such as slow growth rate, stunted hindquarters and low milk yield, which directly affect their meat production performance. China yellow cattle are all medium-sized late-maturing breeds, and the suckling calves under 6 months old grow rapidly, from 6 months old to.

At the age of 4, the growth and development slowed down, and the daily weight gain decreased significantly. Good meat production performance and high average net meat rate.

Select the best and eliminate the bad, and improve fertility. In order to improve the fertility of dairy cows, strict breeding should be carried out, and high-quality dairy cows with good appearance, health, mild temperament, good feeding performance, obvious estrus symptoms, high pregnancy rate during estrus 1, short estrus after delivery 1, low abortion rate and high delivery rate should be selected. Eliminate inferior cattle with small size, poor maternal feelings, poor living habits, rough temperament, excessive nervousness, inconspicuous estrus symptoms, love to return for more than three consecutive times, illness or disability, older age, decreased production performance and poor reproductive performance. By improving and selecting the best from the best and scouring the worst, we will gradually establish a herd with excellent reproductive performance.

Strengthen feeding management, and pay special attention to the fatness of dairy cows. Too high or too low nutrition level will have different degrees of influence on estrus, pregnancy, embryo quality, reproductive system function, endocrine balance and various complications during delivery. Therefore, scientific feeding should be carried out according to the different physiological characteristics of dairy cows and the requirements of growth and production stages, with roughage as the main feed, reasonable collocation of concentrated feed, green feed and roughage, strict weight control, promotion of normal reproduction of dairy cows in estrus, and improvement of pregnancy rate of dairy cows.

Shorten the empty pregnancy time and improve the reproductive rate. Correctly judge the stage of estrus after estrus, and choose the most suitable time for fertilization and reproduction at the right time. According to the reproductive physiological characteristics of dairy cows, it is ideal to produce 1 calf within 1 year, and it usually takes 30~40 days for dairy cows to recover their uterus after delivery. Therefore, 40 days after delivery is the key period for dairy cows to reproduce, so we should focus on strengthening management, such as postpartum medication, promoting the recovery of uterus and ovarian reproductive function, providing scientific feeding and management conditions and creating a suitable environment. If it is found that cows are still not in estrus for 50 days after delivery, the health status, nutritional status, ovaries and uterus of cows should be checked in time and treated in time to prevent empty pregnancy and infertility. Drugs and other methods can also be used for aphrodisiac to improve the mating rate of dairy cows.

Strengthen the feeding management of pregnant cows and improve the calving rate. Within two months of pregnancy, the embryo is free in the uterus and gradually completes the implantation process. The fetus depends on the uterine milk secreted by the endometrium for nutrition, and the placenta absorbs the maternal nutrition. If the feeding level of pregnant cows is too low during this period, especially when the feed quality is poor, the uterine milk secretion will be insufficient, which will affect the development of embryos and cause embryo death; In the third trimester, due to the rapid growth and development of the fetus, the demand for nutrients has greatly increased. If we do not pay attention to strengthening feeding during this period, the lack or incompleteness of nutrients in the diet will easily lead to miscarriage and premature birth of dairy cows. If the feeding level is too high, it will cause calf weakness, stillbirth or dystocia. Among nutrients, it is particularly important to meet the requirements of protein, minerals and vitamins. To prevent feeding rotten, sour, frosting, toxic and other feeds and cold drinking water; The management of pregnant cows should be reasonable, and exercise should be appropriate to prevent fright, slip, whipping and topping. For those who have experienced abortion, it is necessary to strengthen protective measures, take anti-abortion drugs or inject progesterone when necessary to protect the fetus.

Scientific feeding and management to improve the survival rate of calves. Strengthening the feeding management of pregnant cows, especially in the late pregnancy, is helpful to improve the birth weight and survival rate of calves. Newborn calves have no immunity. Only after eating colostrum can immunoglobulin in colostrum be absorbed into the blood through the intestine, and calves are immune, so the time to eat colostrum after birth should be as early as possible. In order to reduce the mortality of calves and cultivate healthy calves, newborn calves must eat colostrum within two hours after delivery and eat as much as possible. Calves can be trained to eat concentrated feed and high-quality roughage 7~ 10 days after birth, which will promote the development and function of calves' intestines and stomach and prepare for weaning in advance. Avoid calves lying on the cold and wet ground and eating unclean food, prevent diseases such as diarrhea, and improve the survival rate of calves.