What soil-borne diseases are susceptible to wheat, and how can they be effectively prevented?

During the process of planting wheat, some diseases will appear, such as total rot, powdery mildew, root rot, rust, etc. Some of them are soil-borne diseases, which harm the normal growth of wheat and affect the yield. adversely affect quality.

Soil-borne diseases, in layman’s terms, are diseases that can spread harm in the soil. The bacteria carried in the soil are a very important source of them. They are easily ignored by everyone and are not easy to prevent. , the occurrence area is wide and the harm is great, so correctly understand these soil-borne diseases and take preventive measures in advance to avoid yield reduction.

After the occurrence of soil-borne diseases, the harm to the roots and stems of crops is greater. Once the roots are damaged, the way the crops rely on the roots to absorb nutrients will be blocked or cannot proceed normally, resulting in malnutrition in the upper parts of the crops. , in severe cases, they will wither and die directly.

There are three main soil-borne diseases that are commonly encountered in wheat during its growth, namely total rot, sheath blight and root rot (there are other diseases as well. This article will focus on these three diseases. Main), are relatively easy to occur and are also diseases that farmers often encounter. Below, the little helper will explain these three soil-borne diseases in detail to you.

1. Wheat total rot disease

Wheat total rot disease, also known as "blackleg", is a typical soil-borne disease. After wheat is infected with total rot disease, observe At the roots, you will find that the color turns black. If it is in the seedling stage, it may cause yellowing of the seedlings. If it is in the middle and late stages, it may cause white ears.

After wheat is infected with total rot disease, it grows more slowly than normal plants, is short and has not many tillers. Because the roots are damaged, nutrients cannot be transmitted to the upper parts in time, affecting the overall health. grow.

Since wheat total rot disease is a soil-borne disease, the pathogen carried in the soil is a very important factor in the transmission route, especially in wheat fields that have been infected with total rot disease. If prevention is not done, If we continue to plant wheat, the harm will become greater and greater.

In addition, the seeds themselves carry germs or the germs carried by some diseased residues in the soil are also ways of spreading total rot disease.

The severity of wheat total rot disease is related to a variety of factors and is not caused by a single point. For example, common reasons include repeated planting, weather factors (heavy rainfall), and unreasonable fertilizer application (inadequate nutrition). Uniform), improper field management (weak seedlings, yellow seedlings), etc.

Wheat total rot disease is mainly prevented. If it has occurred, use fungicides in time to control it. The prevention and control methods are as follows:

1. Crop rotation and inversion planting are a good method. Measures to prevent total rot disease, especially in plots where total rot disease is serious, are to rotate crops for more than 3 years and then plant wheat. The total rot disease will be greatly reduced.

2. Water and fertilizer management should be appropriate. Pay attention to irrigation and watering during drought, and pay attention to timely drainage during rainy season to ensure wheat’s demand for water. As for fertilizers, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be used according to wheat needs. Do not overuse a single element. In addition to macroelements, some medium and trace elements can also be supplemented through foliar fertilizers.

3. Seed dressing before sowing can also play a very good role in preventing total rot disease. For example, before sowing, dressing the seeds with difenoconazole or silothiofen before sowing, The effect is good.

4. For plots where total erosion has occurred, use fungicides in a timely manner to control them. Agents such as difenoconazole, triadimefon, etc. can be used to control the spread of total erosion and inhibit the spread of total erosion. Dangers of Wheat.

2. Wheat sheath blight

Wheat sheath blight is also a soil-borne disease. Wheat plants infected with sheath blight first start to rot from the base, and then endanger the wheat stems. , and then spreads to the entire wheat plant. After the disease occurs in the early stage, the wheat plant will be observed to dry up, and when it reaches the ear stage, white ears will appear.

A major factor in the spread of wheat sheath blight is soil damage. The onset period is mainly in two periods, one is when the seedlings have just emerged with about 3 leaves, and the other is later in the year. Between the greening stage and the booting stage, the sheath blight pathogen will overwinter in the soil. When the temperature rises in the second year, it will begin to cause damage. Generally speaking, the occurrence after the new year is more serious than before.

In addition to soil factors, some disease residues in the field or weeds in the fields may be sources of transmission. When wheat in the field is infected with sheath blight, the pathogen will spread in weeds, straw, etc. They survive the winter in places and wait until the right temperature to start spreading the damage.

Wheat sheath blight is also based on prevention. If sheath blight has occurred in the field, prevention and control should be carried out in time. The sooner the better. The prevention and control methods are as follows:

1. From Start with seeds and purchase varieties with strong disease resistance. This will have a certain positive effect on resisting disease attacks under the same external conditions.

2. Pay attention to the sowing density not to be too high. The sowing rate is about 30 pounds per mu. If you encounter special circumstances, the amount can be increased or reduced appropriately. In addition, the management of water and fertilizer is the same as the total erosion disease above. Water and water, top-dress and fertilize when necessary to ensure the wheat's demand for water and fertilizer.

3. Prevention of sheath blight by dressing seeds before sowing. Seed dressing before sowing is also an effective prevention method. Fungicides such as tebuconazole and difenoconazole can be used for seed dressing.

4. In view of the occurrence of sheath blight in the field, it is necessary to spray pesticides in time to prevent and control it. The available fungicides include triadimefon, difenoconazole, hexaconazole, Jinggangmycin, etc.

3. Wheat root rot

Wheat root rot is also a typical soil-borne disease. It not only harms the roots and stems of wheat, but also affects the later wheat ears. The impact and harm range are wide, and they occur more or less in wheat growing areas.

After wheat is infected with root rot, the roots of the wheat will rot, and brown spots will also appear. In mild cases, the leaves will turn yellow, and in severe cases, they will die directly and the whole plant will die, which will affect the yield. Very big.

The severity of wheat root rot is also related to a variety of reasons, such as wounds in the wheat root system, repeated planting for many years, excessive low temperature and rainy weather, poor field preparation quality, sowing too deep or too shallow, etc. etc., may trigger an outbreak of wheat root rot.

Wheat root rot is a soil-borne disease. Like the above two diseases, it is recommended to focus on prevention. After all, once the disease occurs, it will cause some losses. Let’s take a look at the preventive measures.

1. Crop rotation and stubble planting play a very important factor in preventing wheat root rot. Some friends reported that the root rot in their own plots became more serious year by year, and after using some chemicals, , the effect is not very obvious. It is recommended that after 3 years of crop rotation and stubble planting, wheat root rot will be greatly improved.

2. Do not overuse a single nitrogen fertilizer. Phosphorus and potash fertilizers should be applied according to the ratio. At the same time, some medium and trace elements can be supplemented through foliar fertilizer spraying.

3. Seed dressing prevention before sowing is also a very common preventive measure. You can use difenoconazole, thiram, fludioxonil, etc. Just pay attention to the dosage.

4. Once root rot occurs in the field, use drugs to prevent and control the disease in a timely manner to control the continued spread of the disease. The available drugs include difenoconazole, propiconazole, triadimefon, carbendazim, etc.

The above three diseases are common soil-borne diseases in wheat planting. They are explained in detail from symptoms, causes, prevention and control measures. I hope this article can bring some help to everyone.