CCTV China General History Documentary Episode 80 (Commentary)

Mutu Village, located at 10 km east of Huailai County, is numerous on the vast land of China, but it once remembered the name Mutu Fort, but it was remembered by history, because there was a war here, which once brought the Ming regime to near collapse. On August 5th, A.D. 1449/KLOC-0, more than 80 years after the overthrow of the Ming Dynasty, the Mongolian Vara Department100000 cavalry retreated to the Mobei grassland, besieging 200000 troops of the Ming Dynasty in the civil fort, and the Ming army suffered a devastating blow. The elite troops of the Ming Dynasty suffered heavy losses in this battle, and the orthodox emperor Zhu Qizhen became a prisoner, known as the Civil Fort Incident in history. Since then, a series of events surrounding this war have staged ups and downs on the historical stage of China, which makes people feel good.

1427165438+1October10/day, a baby cried loudly in the imperial palace, and another dragon was born. He is the future Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen. This year is the 60th anniversary of the Ming Dynasty. Through the development and governance of Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang, Chengzu Judy, Injong Zhu Gaochi and Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji, the Ming Dynasty was politically clear and economically developed, and ushered in a peaceful and prosperous era comparable to the rule of Wenjing in the Han Dynasty and the prosperity of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty, which was called the rule of Ren Xuan in history. According to historical records, when Zhu Qizhen was still babbling, Xuanzong once held him in his lap and asked: When you become an emperor in the future, can you make the world peaceful? Answer, yes, ask again, if anyone dares to interfere with state discipline, dare to lead the Sixth Army to answer, dare. Xuanzong was very happy when he heard this. He immediately took off his royal robes, put them on Zhu Qizhen and took him to the throne. Long live the left and the right. Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji placed infinite expectations on the future of Prince Zhu Qizhen. However, the steering wheel of history often gets out of control inadvertently. In July of the tenth year of Xuande, Zhu Zhanji, the 37-year-old Ming Xuanzong, died, and the 9-year-old Crown Prince Zhu Qizhen succeeded to the throne with an orthodox title. Seven years later, Empress Dowager Cixi died, and Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong and Yang Pu also withdrew from the political stage of the Ming Dynasty. At this time, Wang Zhen, the eunuch who lived with Zhu Qizhen since childhood, began to monopolize power.

This is about Yuxian County, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province. The cold dew is coming, and the old people in the village are busy harvesting corn in the fields. The place where Lao Zhang puts his vegetables is a shabby house in the village. Although the house is broken, it can still be seen that this house was unusual before. It is a quadrangle with the architectural style of the early Ming Dynasty. Villagers rarely tell the history of this house, except that this old house was the former residence of Wang Zhen, the eunuch of the Ming Dynasty. More than 500 years ago, the owner of this house, Wang Zhen, set out from here and went to Beijing to seek career development, which was finally written into history. Wang Zhen studied in his childhood for two years, then entered the palace, studied in the inner study, and was promoted to eunuch of Li Si. Although he entered North Korea from a poor rural area and took power for some time, Wang Zhen was always eager to find opportunities to make contributions and prove his value to the world like those civil servants and military commanders.

Shangchuan: We should also see his academic background. After he entered the eunuch team and achieved such a high status, he felt that I was different from you (eunuchs) after all, and I was educated. This is one aspect. The other is that he can use his education to get close to these officials.

After Zhu Qizhen succeeded to the throne, Wang Zhen was in charge of Li Si supervision. Yingzong trusted Wang Zhen and called him by his first name. Wang Zhen began to monopolize power, collude for personal gain, interfere in state affairs, and became the first autocratic eunuch in the Ming Dynasty. At this time, a strong enemy is rising on the northern grassland, which is the Mongolian Walla Department. In A.D. 1368, the hundred-year rule of the Yuan Dynasty ended, and the remnants of the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty retreated to Mobei. Soon, the Mongolian power was divided into Wuliangha, Tatar and Wala, among which the Wala power gradually increased, and in the fourth year of orthodoxy (1439), the Wala power also inherited its father's power first, and basically reached an agreement with the Mongolian ministries. In the fourteenth year of Orthodox Christianity (1449), the soldiers attacked the Ming Dynasty in four ways. The middle road is the focus of the attack, which is divided into two branches. One directly attacked Fu Xuan, surrounded Chicheng, and the other attacked Chase with his own head. News came that Wang Zhen was not worried about happiness, because he had been waiting for such an opportunity to prove his ability and gain the respect of the Minister of Civil and Military Affairs. Wang Zhen's next task is to persuade Yingzong to make a personal expedition. Yingzong's inner desire is exactly the same as Wang Zhen's. Yingzong always wanted to lead the Sixth Army to explore the desert. Like his great-grandfather Emperor Yongle and his father Emperor Xuande, he made great achievements and went down in history. In this way, on the issue of going out, the two hit it off, and a decision to go out involving the fate and safety of the empire was ignored, and the two patted their heads and settled down.

Orthodox 65438+July 1 1 2004, Wu Hao, a general of Datong, fought with Xian Ye's troops in Maoerzhuang, and all the troops were wiped out. When the news reached the capital, Wang Zhen was indifferent. On 15th, Zhu Qiyu, Ming's half-brother, stayed in Beijing for self-control.

Zhu Qiyu was the second son of Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty. There are different opinions about his origin. His biological mother, Wu Xuande, was made a virtuous princess because she gave birth to Zhu Qiyu for three years. After the death of Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Qizhen succeeded to the throne, and Zhu Qiyu was named King Xi. Obviously, Zhu Qiyu's position cannot be compared with that of Zhu Qizhen.

Shang Chuan: In the history of China, this patriarchal clan system is very powerful, so he is actually a big clan and a small clan. He belongs to a small clan, and your brother is orthodox. Then your brother's son is a main line, just like the trunk of a big tree, and you are just a branch.

1449, 16 In July, Zhu Qizhen set out from Beijing with a great army, claiming to be 500,000, and Wang Zhen and the civil and military ministers of the DPRK almost got wind of it. No matter for Yingzong, Wang Zhen or Zhu Qiyu who stayed in Beijing, it was an expedition to change their destiny. The mighty army left Juyongguan, arrived in Fu Xuan on July 23rd, and arrived in Datong on August 1. Only then did Wang Zhen get the news. /kloc-in the battle of July, 0/6, Datong Governor Hou Songying, Xining charger and company commander Zhu Mian both died in battle, and the whole army was wiped out. That night, thunder and lightning, wind and rain, the sergeant was frightened all night because he witnessed the body of his companion lying on the battlefield ahead. Due to the hasty expedition, the army only prepared a month's rations, and it was obviously too risky to go north with such reserves to fight the powerful Vara cavalry. Yingzong finally realized that the personal expedition was not a military parade after all, which made him fidgety, but he didn't expect disaster to come.

Shangchuan: Sometimes, after seeing this fiasco, he will inspire another spirit, such as the Northern Expedition of Cheng Zu. The first time he sent Qiu Fu to fight, it was also a fiasco and was completely annihilated. So Judy made up her mind to go on an expedition herself. When he got there, the battlefield was still there, and the bones were everywhere, but he was not scared, but also inspired the soldiers' confidence in winning, and finally he fought in the past.

So Wang Zhen decided to quit. After hundreds of thousands of troops came out to live in a big circle, they turned around and returned to Beijing. Cao Ding, a bachelor of cabinet, suggested that the army should return to the capital from Zijingguan to ensure safety. But this place is not far from Wang Zhen's hometown Yuxian. So Wang Zhen asked Yingzong to return to Beijing in the direction of Juyongguan, and by the way, he could see his hometown Yuzhou. This Record of Yuzhou in Guangxu recorded the retreat of British troops, but did not mention anything about Wang Zhen. In Yuxian today, few people know the story of Wang Zhen. Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, said that Wang Zhen needed such an opportunity to return home with clothes on, so Yingzong readily agreed to Wang Zhen's request. However, when the army was about to arrive in Yuzhou, Wang Zhen suddenly thought that hundreds of thousands of troops would trample on the maturing crops after passing through their hometown, so he changed his mind and made the army change direction and return to Beijing via Fu Xuan. The sudden change of the marching route caused great panic in the army.

Shangchuan: I think this has completely turned such an important thing as a country going out to defend its national security into a joke. This is a big problem for Wang Zhen. He knows nothing about military affairs, has no political mind, and is not a politician or strategist. It's hard to say whether Wang Zhen is a bad person or not, but his mistakes in these aspects did cause changes in this civil fort, including this one in the early Ming Dynasty.

The geographical location of the civil fort is very important, and it is a post station on the main road from Juyongguan to Datong, Fu Xuan. Nowadays, Tumu Village is just an ordinary village, and there are only a few city wall relics in the village, which makes people vaguely remember the eventful years of that year. The worst war in the history of the Ming Dynasty took place in such a humble village. August 1449, 14, when the army retreated to Peking via Fu Xuan, it was still early. However, Wang Zhen ordered the troops to camp in the highlands, waiting for thousands of trench cars that had not yet arrived behind. Kuang Yě, the minister of the Ministry of War, urged the emperor to enter the customs first to prevent accidents, but Wang Zhen refused.

Mao Peiqi: At this time, there were differences within the army, whether to move on or stay in the same place. According to the art of war, there are highlands everywhere. This is Pingchuan, and there is no water source. This is a military taboo.

August 15th of the lunar calendar is the traditional Spring Festival in China. On this day of family reunion, the Ming army is eyeing up, followed by Vala cavalry, surrounded by iron walls. They cut off the stream at the upper reaches of Ming Barracks 15 Huali, and 250,000 people were cut off from water. In their panic, they dug a well and found no water, which was a mess. With the increasing number of Walla troops, the Ming army's defense line is at stake and the situation is in jeopardy. This is because, first, people were suddenly sent to make peace, and they made a gesture of withdrawing troops. Yingzong was overjoyed and ordered Cao, a bachelor of cabinet, to make peace, and took the opportunity to order the relocation.

Shangchuan: In this case, if you change jobs to another camp, people will take advantage of your job-hopping opportunity, and the threat of impact is very great. At this time, you must hold your ground. If you really hold the edge of a city, they can't attack it. They are not good at siege, but if you are in the wild and have a field battle with him, he is a cavalry and has a strong impact.

First of all, I finally found an opportunity. When the Ming army moved about three or four miles, the Vara cavalry immediately swarmed and surrounded the Ming Legion. There was chaos in the Ming army, and countless soldiers ran around, and some were slaughtered by Vara cavalry. Most of them trampled on each other and died. The battlefield was littered with corpses, and the abandoned weapons became the jungle of swords. Facing the sword rain, Yingzong was surprisingly calm, waiting for the arrival of the last moment. The army was defeated and the emperor was in trouble. Fan Zhongyan, the escort general of Yingzong, was very angry. He swung a hammer and hit Wang Zhen on the head. A month ago, Wang Zhen, the great eunuch who dreamed of making contributions to ancestor worship, died in a blink of an eye and died in the west. At this stop, the 250,000 troops of the Ming Dynasty were almost completely annihilated, and almost all the ministers of civil and military affairs accompanying them were killed in other places. This is the battle of the civil war fortress.

Mao Peiqi: Wang Zhen wants to be a good eunuch and make a career, while Zhu Qizhen wants to be an emperor and make a career. At this point, they came together, but unexpectedly, it led to a mistake.

/kloc-On the night of August in 0/6, drums were beating everywhere in Beijing. After midnight, at midnight, a letter was sent to the Forbidden City, conveying the news that the orthodox emperor was captured. The messenger came from Huailaiwei and brought Zhu Qizhen's calligraphy. Zhu Qizhen said in the letter, let the palace quickly get more treasure to redeem him.

Mao Peiqi: Judging from the military situation between the Ming Dynasty and Vara at that time, the Ming Dynasty was not weak enough to be defeated by Vara at will. They didn't expect this war to come to hand so easily, and even captured Ming Yingzong, so they regarded Ming Yingzong as a strange commodity and threatened the Ming Dynasty.

17, beaten soldiers appeared on the streets of Beijing one after another, and things can't be hidden anymore. Empress Sun Shi summoned officials to declare defeat, and Zhu Qiyu, the king of Xi who insisted on his life, soon issued an imperial edict, and Zhu Jianshen, the son of Zhu Qizhen, was named Prince. At that time, people were worried, and some officials began to send their families to the south. At the same time, the voice calling for the capital to move south is rampant.

Shang Chuan: At that time, a very important reason for Yu Qian was that Emperor Wendi built a mausoleum here, which was reserved for his descendants, because they were going to move south and follow me to Nanjing, which just happened to give up Beijing. But Yu Qian said that they couldn't give up, because Emperor Cheng built all the tombs here, that is, he told his descendants not to leave, and we could throw the graves of our ancestors to the enemy and run by ourselves.

This is the former residence of Yu Qian, located at No.42 Ancestral Hall Lane, Hangzhou. Yu Qian 15 years old is a scholar, and 24 years old is a scholar. He was young, determined to save the country, and admired Wen Tianxiang in the late Southern Song Dynasty. He likes his spirit of sacrificing his life for his country. The year before the reform of the civil fort, Yu Qian went to the governor's office as the left assistant minister of the Ministry of War, at the age of 50. The change of the civil fort pushed Yu Qian to the front desk. He also served as the minister of war, presided over Beijing's defense, and became another prime minister in China's history. After all, it is not a long-term solution for Xi King Zhu Qiyu to supervise this country. Yu Qian joined forces with his ministers to play the role of Empress Sun Shi and asked Zhu Qiyu to be the emperor, so as to appease the people. Although Empress Dowager Cixi agreed, Zhu Qiyu seemed a little scared. After repeated persuasion, Zhu Qiyu agreed to inherit the throne. September sixth. Zhu Qiyu succeeded to the throne, and his brother Zhu Qizhen was regarded as the father of the emperor. From a distance, next year will be the first year of Jingtai. The change of Minbao, the Ming Dynasty lost the monarch first, then gained the monarch, and lost the monarch to gain the monarch, and the overall situation of state affairs was controlled. However, what kind of mixed stories will appear next when the throne is different?

Mao Peiqi: Although the strength of the Ming Dynasty was not so weak as to be vulnerable at that time, after all, the emperor was detained, which was a major event. If this situation cannot be reversed immediately, it is likely to arouse greater ambitions. This was a big problem faced by the Ming Dynasty at that time. At this time, Yu Qian, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, stepped forward and shouldered the heavy responsibility of defending Beijing.

/kloc-in August of 0/9, Yu Qian began to arrange the defense of Beijing, issued a national general mobilization order, and quickly recruited Henan. Health clinics in Shandong, troops from the north and south of Zhili, and grain delivery officers along the canal all went to Beijing to guard and mobilized people to bring their own vehicles to Tongzhou to transport grain, so as to relieve the worries of Beijing military and civilians about using grain. Set off firecrackers at nine gates in Beijing, set up roadblocks, set up gates and fences outside the city walls to prevent the enemy from entering the city. Yu Qian also personally defended the front line and supervised the preparations.

? Mao Peiqi: Under the organization of Yu Qian, we not only transferred troops from all over the country, but also appointed many effective generals. At the same time, he also mobilized local people to participate in the Beijing Defence War, which was a battlefield war to defend the peaceful life of Shanhaiguan and protect the existing order of farming culture.

Orthodox 14 10 On the first day of the first month, he also took Yingzong hostage and attacked the Ming Dynasty in three ways. On the ninth day, he led the main force to Zijin Pass and personally supervised the attack. Zijin Pass fell, and the Walla Army approached Beijing from Baiyangkou and Zijin Pass West Road. Deshengmen, located on the side of the North Second Ring Road in Beijing, was built in the next two years. It is one of the nine gates in the inner city of Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is a group military defense building composed of towers, watchtowers, city gates and crocks. It is the gate to send troops to fight, so it is named victory. Deshengmen is called the military gate. Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty marched northward, Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty pacified galdan, and Emperor Qianlong suppressed Hezhuo rebellion, all from Deshengmen. However, only 12 years after the construction of the city defense position in Ming Yingzong, a fierce war was ushered in. A.D. 1449, A.D. 10/0, A.D. 13. First, he led his troops to launch a general attack on Beijing, the capital of the Ming Dynasty. A fierce battle outside Deshengmen was defeated first, and then the soldiers turned to Xizhimen. Another fierce battle, with heavy casualties on both sides, failed to gain the upper hand. Walla army turned to attack Zhang Yimen. Wallachia's army returned to the Great Wall, and Beijing lifted martial law and restored its former calm. Zhu Qiyu released a letter to appease the world. Traditionally, the Gregorian calendar of the following year was promulgated at the end of the first year, and the year number of Zhu Qiyu in the first year of Jingtai is about to enter the first year.

Shangchuan: The result of defending Beijing is the continuation of such a country that unified the Ming Dynasty. If we really give up Beijing and go to the south, the north will be completely chaotic. If the Mongols in the north came in, it would be difficult to revive the Northern Expedition.

First, Yingzong was kidnapped and attacked Beijing, but he failed to get any benefits. Instead, he lost his troops and brought Yingzong back to Mobei. The first day of the first month in the first year of Jingtai (AD 1450) was the first day of the traditional Spring Festival in the early Han Dynasty. At this time, Mobei is vast and freezing. Yingzong only relied on a tent to keep out the cold. Yingzong was too cold to sleep all night. Looking at the southern sky, he couldn't help crying. In loneliness and sadness, my father's words rang again in Zhu Qizhen's ear. If you become an emperor in the future, can you make the world peaceful? Three months ago, when Zhu Qizhen Commander-in-Chief Wu Wen Guan Bai and 250,000 troops marched north, all they could think about was returning home in triumph. Now Yingzong is detained in Shuomo and it is difficult to return to China. The winter night is long, and he misses his hometown. Zhu Qizhen often looks up at the sky and says to himself, God is there, and I will return to China. First, I finally know that Yingzong has become a waste card in his own hands. The clever leader of the Walla Department, though clean and beautiful, won the civil war in which hundreds of thousands of troops participated. At the moment, he was at a loss in the imperial power contest between the two brothers in Zhu Qizhen. But he still has enough political wisdom to take measures to be kind to Yingzong. According to historical records, he first went to Yingzong every two days to ask for a sheep, and went to Niu Yi on the seventh day. He gave a banquet every Friday, Friday and Wednesday, and had horse milk and goat milk every day.

On August 2nd, the first year of Jingtai, after being imprisoned outside the Great Wall for one year, Yingzong was wooed by courtiers and sent south for a half-day trip. The generals bid farewell to Yingzong in tears, and a year later, the two sides were inseparable. Zhu Qizhen finally set foot on the road to his hometown. When he arrived in Fu Xuan, Yingzong ordered people to pay homage to the soldiers who died in the First World War a year ago in the Civil Fort. Thousands of soldiers were killed because of his decision. It was another Mid-Autumn Festival, which happened to be the first anniversary of the change of the civil fort. Yingzong finally returned to the Forbidden City, which he was familiar with. Officials greeted him outside Andingmen, Zhu Qizhen entered from Donganmen, Jingtai Emperor greeted him, Yingzong answered him, and the two brothers met and gave each other blessings. The two of them gave up for a long time. It was a prearranged ceremony. Behind the one-minute humility is the embarrassment of the two brothers. When the former emperor returned, the throne of the new emperor in the Forbidden City was not yet hot, waiting for the fate of Yingzong. After the ceremony, Zhu Qizhen was immediately sent to the pilgrimage hall of the Nangong. He just got rid of the imprisonment of foreigners and soon became the prisoner of his younger brother. Since then, as a young emperor's father, Zhu Qizhen began his solitary confinement life for more than six years.

Purdue Temple, located in the southeast corner of the Forbidden City, separated from the Forbidden City by a river, was once the residence of Regent Dourgen in the early Qing Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, Purdue Temple was located in the East Garden of the Imperial City, which was the Nangong where Zhu Qizhen of Ming Yingzong was imprisoned. The prisoner's life is so hard that his virtuous wife Huang Qian has to embroider every day to supplement Zhu Qizhen's lack of food, which makes him feel a little relieved. Zhu Qizhen's time seems to have stopped, but Jingtai Emperor has stopped. Zhu Qiyu, who tasted power, didn't want to live in the shadow of his brother all the time. Any trouble in the Nangong will make him insomnia. The heavy door of Nangong is locked, and every meal is progressive from the mouth of the cave. Such strict precautions still can't reassure Jingtai Emperor. He finally ordered the trees in the Nangong to be cut down to prevent someone from climbing over the high wall and plotting to restore the emperor's father. In the third year of Jingtai (1452), Emperor Jingtai brazenly abolished the original Prince Zhu Jianshen and let his only son Zhu play it by ear. However, Zhu died unfortunately the following year, so the voice of restoring the status of the former prince became more and more obvious. Emperor Jingtai was very afraid and carried out a ruthless suppression. Recalling the original Zhu Qiyu, everyone recommended him to inherit the throne, refused in every way, and regarded the emperor's throne as a terrible demon, avoiding it. For more than six years, the emperor's father Zhu Qizhen was deeply imprisoned in the Nangong. He wondered whether he had ever stopped thinking about the return of imperial power. However, more than one year's life as a prisoner beyond the Great Wall and six years' claustrophobic life in Nangong calmed Zhu Qizhen down, and he knew that time needed to wait.

In the early morning of the first month of the eighth year of Jingtai (1457), just after four o'clock, there was a heavy knock on the door outside the Nangong courtyard. Soon, the palace door locked for more than six years was finally knocked down. Wu Qinghou and the left deputy commander boarded the bus, led a group of people and headed for Donghuamen. At this time, the sky suddenly opened, the moon was bright, and the stars and the moon shone like mercury. When we arrived at Donghuamen, the guards shouted loudly, and Yingzong shouted, "I am the emperor's father, and Donghuamen answered." This event is known as the restoration of Nangong in history, also known as the change of seizing the door. After more than seven years of soul-stirring loneliness, it finally came to an end, and Zhu Qizhen staged a drama about the return of the king. 1 February, Zhu Qizhen abolished Jingtai Emperor. Seven years later, the roles of the two brothers were reversed, and Zhu Qiyu began his confinement life. However, Zhu Qiyu is obviously not as strong and patient as his brother. He was depressed and died in less than half a month at the age of 30.

Once in power, those who had made contributions to the restoration immediately began to clear the old minister of Jingtai, and Yu Qian naturally became the culprit. The man who strongly recommended the position of Emperor Jingtai was put in prison on trumped-up charges of wanting to establish a foreign vassal.

Shang Chuan: Yingzong fully knows that Yu Qian was wronged. Without Yu Qian fighting there, Valla can put you back, but the problem comes out. What about excuses? We can only find these officials of Jingtai dynasty at that time, and Yu Qian bears the brunt.

In the eighth year of Jingtai 1 February 2 1 day, in the early morning, Yingzong once again ascended the throne of Fengtian Hall in the Forbidden City. Under the imperial edict of Emperor Yingzong, he announced the reset and granted amnesty to the whole world, and changed the eighth year of Jingtai to the first year of Tianshun. He ascended the throne at the age of nine, and became a prisoner at the age of twenty-three. He was imprisoned for one year and seven years, and finally succeeded in making a dash for the door and became the emperor of the empire again. This year, Zhu Qizhen was only 3 1 year-old, and the young life was too heavy. This is the Jingtai Mausoleum at the foot of Yuquan Mountain in Haidian District, Beijing. After Jingdi's death, Yingzong abolished his imperial name, deprived him of the treatment of being buried with Ming Chengzu * * * and Tianshou Mountain in Changping, and only buried with Wang Li. After Xian Zong acceded to the throne, let bygones be bygones. Emperor Jingtai was named King Jing, and the original king's tomb was expanded and repaired. It was not until nearly 200 years later, during the Southern Ming Dynasty, that he added King posthumous title as 17 and changed the name of the temple to Zong. Today's Jingtai Mausoleum is hidden alone in a lush forest. Looking back on Zhu Qiyu's life, he was teased by fate and involuntarily ascended the throne, and then he was taken away and became his brother's prisoner. After his death, he was deprived of the title of emperor. Before and after his death, he was due to his title. Between life and death, his eight-year imperial career is like a dream of Conan.

This is Tomb of Yuqian, located at the foot of Santai Mountain in Hangzhou. In the first year of Tianshun (1457), 65438+1October 22nd, Yingzong ordered Yu Qian to be beheaded in the city, and his family was stationed at the border. In the second year after Yu Qian's death, Commander-in-Chief Chen Kui transported his coffin back to Hangzhou and buried his loyal bones in the green hills near the West Lake. Ming Hongzhi was filial for two years. Today, an endless stream of tourists came to Tomb of Yuqian and Yu Qian Memorial Hall to pay tribute to this national hero. With a heavy sigh, the poem, which is said to have been written by Yu Qian, floated from the air and echoed endlessly. They are not afraid of death, so they should remain innocent in the world.

There are many temples in Beijing, Zhihua Temple, north of the east exit of Lumicang, Dongcheng District, Beijing. It was originally the home temple of Li Si eunuch Wang Zhen. After the restoration of Yingzong, a statue of the king was enshrined in Zhihua Temple. After seven years of work, the statue was destroyed, leaving only the stone tablet given to Wang Zhen by Yingzong. Today, Zhihua Temple has become a Buddhist temple. The stone tablet stands alone in the corner of the temple, and its owner has been forgotten by the world. Like many other villains in history, Wang Zhen was frozen by history. Today, we can only think that there must be a reason why Yingzong is so obsessed with Wang Zhen.

Shangchuan: He thinks Wang Zhen is very good and loyal. What do you think is his relationship with Wang Zhen? When he was a prince, he was so young that he followed him in the palace and watched him grow up. Then when he became emperor, he followed him and died beside him for so many years. If we want to simply divide a good person and a bad person, I think Yingzong and Wang Zhen are not such bad people, which makes us feel.

Zhong Xian Temple, located in Mutu Village, Huailai County, was built in the early years of Jingtai. It was used to worship more than 100 court officials and 250,000 army heroes who died for the country during the Mutu Fort Revolution. Zhong Xian Temple has experienced storms and wars, and now there are only three main halls left. This Zhong Xian Temple, hidden in the depths of the village, has long been forgotten as a person and event in those years. In the long years, few people are willing to touch that painful memory. In the face of time, people who walk out of the humiliating predicament can be roughly divided into two categories. A man becomes more enterprising because he wants to wash away his shame and prove himself. The other is timid and conservative. Unfortunately, Zhu Qizhen became the latter.

After disasters and human changes, Zhu Qizhen became more cautious in controlling power, and his descendants became more self-disciplined. After the change of the civil fort, the Ming Dynasty changed from offensive to defensive in the northern frontier, and the forces between the Ming Dynasty and Mongolian ministries tended to be balanced. The Ming dynasty began the climax of large-scale construction of side walls. 100 years later, the Ming dynasty spent a lot of manpower and material resources to build side walls on a large scale. The long river of history keeps flowing, and everyone who has experienced the change of civil castles is drifting and ups and downs in this long river. Hundreds of years have passed, and the historical relics scattered in this ancient land are either remembered or forgotten, but they are all telling people about that vicissitudes.