I would like to ask you to help me write some valuable handouts on urban public transport fire control, requiring that the content should be organized and urgent.

Because of the high density of people in the city bus, the space is closed and narrow, there are flammable and explosive substances in the bus itself, and there are many direct fire factors in the bus. To sum up, there are two main reasons for the city bus fire: First, the safety of the vehicle itself is poor, and there are some congenital faults or fire hazards in the oil supply system, electrical system or mechanical equipment, such as oil leakage or defects in the oil tank, aging of electrical wiring, outdated mechanical equipment or partial loss of function, etc. Once it encounters open flames or sparks or even vibration and collision, it will lead to explosions and fire accidents, which is the main reason for the bus fire; The second is the fire caused by human factors, such as passengers carrying inflammable and explosive dangerous goods and kindling, drivers or passengers ignoring fire safety, smoking in the car, littering cigarette butts and so on.

Second, the characteristics of urban bus fires

1, which happened suddenly and developed rapidly. Bus fires, whether man-made fires or vehicle failures, are usually caused by high-speed vehicles, and the fires are sudden and sudden.

2. It burns rapidly and spreads rapidly. Nowadays, buses, especially old cars, use a lot of flammable materials, especially some interior materials and cloth seats. When encountering fire or burning, they have high calorific value, large smoke, rapid combustion and rapid spread.

3, easy to cause casualties. Because of the narrow and closed space, crowded people and difficult escape, buses are easy to cause casualties and property losses.

Third, the status quo of city bus fire safety

1, the proportion of people and vehicles is insufficient, and the phenomenon of traffic congestion is prominent. Take Chongqing as an example. Chongqing is a young municipality directly under the central government. In recent years, the number of local residents and migrants has increased dramatically, and the number of people traveling every day is huge. At the same time, Chongqing is a typical mountain city, people seldom use bicycles, and the main choice of transportation is bus. According to statistics, there are currently more than 6,000 buses in the main urban area of Chongqing, most of which are saturated all day, especially during rush hours. Vehicle overload operation is very prominent. Buses with 30 passengers are usually overloaded by more than half, and some line vehicles even carry more than 70 passengers. This situation not only increases the safety hazard of the bus itself, but also makes it very difficult to evacuate and escape in case of fire.

2. Neither the driver nor the passengers know about fire fighting. Bus is a kind of public transportation, and the drivers and passengers are responsible for dozens of life safety tasks. Their emergency handling ability and safety awareness are very important. Through some bus fire accidents in Chongqing and other places in recent years, it can be seen that some drivers and flight attendants do not pay enough attention to fire safety, do not check the operating vehicles carefully enough, and do not pay attention to some "sick" vehicles. There are still shortcomings or omissions in how to prevent fires more effectively, find and eliminate fire hazards, and how to improve the ability to deal with fires and guide passengers to evacuate and escape.

However, the majority of passengers trust and rely too much on the drivers and passengers, do not pay attention to the position of the escape hammer in the car, do not know how to escape, and are not alert to the fire.

3. There are loopholes in the supervision of the bus fire caused by human factors. Since the bus fire accident in Chengdu in 2009, all parts of the country have strengthened the preventive measures against bus fires, especially the monitoring of fires caused by human factors. A notice "No inflammable and explosive dangerous goods on board" is posted on every bus. However, in the subsequent daily operation, there is no long-term management mechanism for the supervision of prohibited dangerous goods on buses, especially now many buses are unmanned, and only one driver is responsible for the supervision of the whole car, and they often focus on checking passengers' ticket purchase, so it is impossible to check the situation that they may bring dangerous goods on board. This regulatory loophole has undoubtedly become a safety hazard that buses are difficult to remove.

Four, how to do a good job of city bus fire safety, effectively prevent city bus fire accidents.

1. Departments and institutions at all levels should attach great importance to bus fire safety and must not take chances, which is the premise of doing a good job in city bus fire safety. The safe operation of buses involves thousands of households and affects hundreds of millions of people. Government agencies, industry departments, operating companies, fire departments, drivers and passengers all have unshirkable responsibilities and obligations for the safe operation of city buses. Departments, institutions and passengers at all levels should profoundly learn the painful lessons of previous bus fire accidents, pay more attention to the fire safety of urban buses from the height of stressing politics and promoting harmony, take the opportunity of implementing the social fire safety "firewall" project, conscientiously implement the Fire Protection Law and the Urban Fire Protection Regulations, earnestly build a bus fire safety responsibility system, improve various bus fire prevention measures, formulate and improve bus fire prevention plans, strengthen daily supervision, publicity, training and education, and strengthen daily safety.

2, departments and institutions at all levels should actively implement the responsibility of fire control work and various fire safety measures, must not be careless, this is the basis for doing a good job in city bus fire safety. Departments in charge of various industries, bus operating companies and regulatory authorities shall, in accordance with relevant regulations, implement the main responsibility and regulatory responsibility of fire control work respectively. Industry departments and fire control institutions should establish corresponding organizations and leading bodies, put public transport fire safety work in a prominent position, make centralized arrangements, strengthen assessment measures, strengthen training and education, implement regular inspection and supervision, and effectively strengthen supervision over urban public transport fire control work; Public transport companies should establish a fire safety responsibility system step by step, implement the person in charge of fire safety and the safety administrator, clarify the fire safety responsibility of each driver and passenger, improve various fire safety rules and regulations and fire prevention plans, organize fire safety inspections and fire drills, equip all kinds of fire-fighting facilities and equipment, effectively strengthen the subject consciousness of fire safety responsibility of departments and personnel at all levels, and improve the management ability of fire control work.

3. It is the key to do a good job in urban public transport fire safety to carry out fire safety inspection of public transport vehicles, thoroughly investigate hidden dangers and plug loopholes. Bus fires are mostly caused by potential safety hazards, such as electrical failure, oil supply system failure, mechanical equipment failure and so on. In order to effectively prevent the fire caused by bus system equipment failure, it is necessary to strengthen the safety inspection before operation, thoroughly investigate hidden dangers, plug loopholes and ensure the safe operation of each bus. Therefore, industry authorities and regulatory agencies at all levels should promptly organize the investigation of fire safety hazards of operating companies and vehicles, focusing on whether the fire safety management system has been established and implemented, whether vehicle drivers and passengers have received fire education and training, whether they have participated in fire fighting and evacuation drills, whether they are proficient in fire emergency treatment, whether all operating vehicles are regularly maintained, whether fire extinguishers and safety hammers are complete and intact, and whether the gas and oil used by vehicles meet relevant regulations; Drivers and passengers should carefully check the operating vehicles before each trip to ensure that the emergency devices, mechanical equipment, circuits, oil circuits, gas circuits and oil storage systems are in good condition before each bus runs, and resolutely put an end to all kinds of "sick" vehicles on the road.

4, strengthen education and training, improve the ability of fire self-help, this is the key to do a good job in urban public transport fire safety. Judging from the past bus fires, drivers and passengers were too nervous and mishandled due to insufficient training and plans, which caused more unnecessary casualties. Therefore, it is very important to do a good job in bus fire prevention, strengthen publicity, training and education for bus drivers and passengers, enhance their awareness of fire safety and enhance their ability to prevent and deal with bus fire accidents. Bus operating companies and fire control institutions should strengthen fire training for drivers and passengers, so that they can know how to prevent fires, how to find and eliminate fire hazards, how to deal with emergencies in case of fire, and effectively guide passengers to evacuate and escape. In particular, the current social contradictions are more prominent, and some lawless elements may take revenge by taking advantage of buses where people gather. Drivers and passengers should be vigilant, strengthen inspection, supervise each other, and resolutely prohibit passengers from carrying inflammable and explosive dangerous goods on board to prevent fires caused by human factors. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the fire prevention publicity and education for the majority of passengers, use the mobile TV in the bus to broadcast the bus fire escape methods, post fire prevention propaganda slogans and safety tips in the bus to remind passengers to pay attention to fire safety, strengthen their awareness of prevention and enhance their ability to escape and save themselves.

5. Strengthen the internal management of bus operating companies and improve the management ability of urban bus fire safety. The reason why many buses suddenly break down and catch fire is actually inseparable from the internal management of bus operating companies. First, some companies are unreasonable in operating road sections and vehicle itinerary arrangements. In some sections, there are few trains, large passenger flow and long interval between trains, which leads to long-term saturation and "fatigue driving" of buses in this section, and inevitably there are fire hazards; Second, the excessive pursuit of economic interests and the failure to update buses in time have led to some buses being old and aging and "sick" on the road. Therefore, in order to improve the fire prevention ability of urban public transport, we must strengthen the internal management of public transport operating companies, arrange the number of operating trains scientifically and reasonably, replace old vehicles in time, and avoid the sudden failure of operating buses due to overload.

6. Introduce new technologies and materials to improve the fire prevention capability of buses. After the "5.6" bus fire accident in Chengdu in 2009, Sichuan successfully developed a bus fire safety protection system. The bus equipped with this system can automatically start the dry powder fire extinguishing device within 3 seconds, and complete the fire extinguishing in the engine compartment within 10 seconds. Although the system has been widely used in buses in major cities in China for a long time, it has brought a brand-new direction to the bus fire safety work. In fact, the research and development of new technologies and materials for bus fire prevention has been going on continuously. At present, the emergency start of bus doors has been applied, and the research and application of incombustible or flame retardant materials for bus bodies are also continuing. I look forward to the large-scale application of such new technologies and materials as soon as possible, bringing benefits to bus drivers and passengers in the vast cities.