Did Liang Shiqiu scold Lu Xun?

I don’t know how to explain your curse. If it is a literary battlefield with the pen as a weapon, then the two must have cursed each other.

Liang Shiqiu: About Lu Xun

Recently, many young friends have asked me to write something about Lu Xun. Why do they want me to write it? I guess their motivations are as follows: 1. Now in Taiwan, Lu Xun's works are classified as banned books, and most people cannot see them. The more curious I became, the more I wanted to know something about this person. 2. A large number of young people have always heard of Lu Xun's name when they were in mainland China, or have read some of his works, and unintentionally they are more or less influenced by the Communist Party and its fellow travelers. Regarding his propaganda, I may have some illusions about this person. 3. I once had a writing battle with Lu Xun, so someone wanted me to come out and say a few words as a person involved.

Actually, I don’t want to talk about him. A few days ago, Mr. Chen Xiying returned from overseas. Someone once asked him at the table:

"What do you think of Lu Xun?" He smiled and did not answer. I interjected from the side, "About Lu Xun, it's best not to ask the two of us." They are all in opposite positions. What we said may not be fair. Besides, Lu Xun has been dead for a long time. No matter how much I criticize him, he will not answer me.

His works have become banned books here, why bother to "beat down the lost dog" here and now? So since his death, I rarely talked about him

With only one exception, I wrote an article "Lu Xun and Me" in Central Weekly during the Anti-Japanese War. Maybe some of today's young people have not seen that article. I am now urged to make an exception and repeat what I said in that article.

Let me first state that I personally do not agree with his works being banned. In my life, I most admire Volde's words:

"I don't agree with what you say, but I desperately support your freedom to say what you say." I feel the same way about Lu Xun. I have written a lot of criticism of Lu Xun. Some people have even collected the comments from both sides and compiled them into one volume. I think that is a good way to let everyone see who is saying what. That makes sense. I once served as the librarian of a university for a period of time. There were some low-level pornographic books and periodicals left over from the past on the bookshelf. If you go to log out, there are probably dozens of volumes. Some of Lu Xun's works are not included. But this incident was immediately spread to Shanghai, spreading lies and rumors, claiming that I had burned all Lu Xun and other left-leaning works. Lu Xun himself was very happy to use this false information to accuse me.

One! In fact, there is no such thing. Propaganda begets propaganda, and facts beget facts.

Lu Xun was not a Communist or a fellow traveler, and he was initially quite opposed to the left-leaning elements at that time, so he was at odds with the group of people who founded the society. He was originally a typical old-style civil servant who worked as a clerk in the Ministry of Education in the Beiyang warlord government. He was not eliminated in the many personnel changes of the Beiyang warlord government. Firstly, because of his position Low, secondly, because I have never been pushy. I can only write some articles about novels, or indirectly translate some European works from Japanese. After participating in New Youth Magazine to write some essays or short stories, he gradually attracted people's attention, and finally got involved in the trend of Beijing academic circle at that time, and was strictly excluded from education by Zhang Xing

department. From then on, he entered the academic world, in Beijing, Xiamen, and Guangzhou. Wherever he came into conflict with others, there was no place where he could stay in his position for a long time. Finally, he stayed in Shanghai, writing for a living. to death.

Lu Xun’s life was full of ups and downs, and he “hit the wall” everywhere, so it was natural for him to have a feeling of resentment in his chest that he could express quickly.

Who is the target of resentment? Etiquette, institutions, traditions, and the government all became the targets of his anger.

He was from Shaoxing, and he may have had some innate qualities as a "swordsman and penman". He was a very acerbic writer, and his Chinese language was based on the common vernacular of the time.

Of course he was outstanding among writers, so his works (especially the so-called miscellaneous feelings) were indeed valuable at the time. His

writing is concise and cruel, and it has its value as a piece of sporadic satire. His main works are his collections of mixed feelings. But as a writer, it is not enough to complain and feel resentment. He must have a set of positive thoughts and a positive view of people and things. Even if he does not have to No matter what system is formed, it must at least have a positive proposition. Lu Xun is not enough to say this. All he has is a negative attitude, which can be roughly summed up as an attitude of "being dissatisfied with the status quo". This attitude is not wrong. The Beiyang warlords have been in power for several years. Who can be satisfied with the status quo? The question

The question is, what if you are just not satisfied? Our country, nation, politics and culture are really riddled with holes. What should we do? Slowly

Slowly seeking improvement bit by bit is one way to do it. If Lu Xun doesn't agree with this method, that's fine. If you think that

this method is a passive compromise and unpromising, that's fine, but you have to come up with a method, and you can't just curse and curse

The object of corruption reviles other people's reform ideas and everything, but does not put forward positive ideas himself. And Lu Xun's most serious shortcoming is that. I once wrote an article, and the title of that article was "Dissatisfied with the Current Situation". I remember saying: "You curse everyone, you oppose all ideas, and you criticize all doctrines as worthless.

What are you planning to do? Please tell me your positive ideas. "What I did was probably scratching his itch. His answer was brilliant

First of all, he followed his old tactics and ridiculed me out of context, saying that my writing didn't make sense. "Praise" is

"Praise" , "derogatory" means "derogatory". If it is not used as a derogatory word, praise cannot be added to the word derogatory. (Lu Xun probably forgot that the two words "praise and blame" were used together in A Dream of Red Mansions.

, a critical interpretation, which is still the case in northern dialect.) Then he stated,

There is a doctrine that he has not criticized. I asked him again, what kind of doctrine is that? Is it communism? He didn't answer

No more.

Don’t think that Lu Xun deliberately paved the way for the Communist Party from the beginning. That's not true. He had nothing to do with the Communist Party. He was desperate and finally went to Liangshan. It is true that he never criticized communism. He left such a back door open. So when the Communist Party wanted to use him to lead the Left-wing Writers' Alliance, they hit it off immediately. In fact, Lu Xun was very harsh in his criticism of leftist elements. He did not stop criticizing until he later gained the favor of the Communist Party and became a left-wing leader. their attacks. It was around this time that he translated the "literary policy" of the Russian Communist Party in a harsh and crude style.

The translation of this "Literary Policy" was an important matter for Lu Xun, which clearly showed that he was leaning towards the Communist Party

. But I am still a little doubtful whether this book was translated by Lu Xun himself, because the translation is really too bad, Lu Xun seems to be wrong

It is very likely that this is a document of the Communist Party. He was asked to give his name and he couldn't shirk it. The life of this document was not long,

because soon the Russian literary and artistic circles suffered a major purge, including Lunakarski, Plekhanov, and Mayekavsky

Suffering the most tragic fate, Shanghai's "Popular Literary and Art Movement" was ordered to cease operations, and the so-called "Left-Wing Writers' Alliance" was ordered to disappear. This dramatic change The details of the process can be found in the book "Artists in Uniform" written by Eastman.

After this period, Lu Xun went deep into the camp of the Communist Party.

At this time, the Middle East Road Anti-Russian Incident occurred in Northeast my country. Of course no one approves of the warlord separatism in the Northeast.

But when our Chinese officers and soldiers clashed with Soviet imperialism, and we suffered heavy casualties, the Chinese people could not

not express concern. This is a test for the Chinese Communist Party and its sympathizers. I was surprised to find their slogans "Oppose attacking the Soviet Union!" on the electric wire trunks and walls everywhere in Shanghai. I naively asked: It was the Chinese who invaded.

Attack the Soviet Union, or did the Soviet Union invade China? The answer of Lu Xun and his group was: The Chinese warlords were instigated by imperialism to attack the Soviet Union.

After this test, Lu Xun's position became obvious.

Lu Xun had no theory of literature and art. First, he used a mass of resentment as the content, then he pursued the literary and art policy of Soviet Russia, and finally he completely obeyed the policies of Soviet Russia and the Communist Party. manipulate.

Not long before Lu Xun died, he wrote a short article. The title seemed to be "Death". He seemed to feel that he would die soon. He

had a sentence in the article to advise Young people, "When a person is about to die, his words are also good." We don't need to use people's words in vain. This sentence is: "Don't be an empty-headed writer." What is an empty-headed writer? What he means is that writers need to have literary works, and this is not something they just clamor for. This sentence is very correct. There are so many people who think they have entered the literary world and regard themselves as writers after they have written something casually. No wonder Lu Xun wanted to ridicule them. But then again, Lu Xun also satirized himself. After Lu Xun's death, someone immediately printed the complete works for him, because they were organized, had people, money, and institutions, and everything was convenient. The complete collection of Scarlet

's covers has been published. I can't remember how many volumes there are, but there are probably ten to twenty volumes. This cannot be regarded as a empty-handed writer. However, according to its content, all translated novels are included, breaking the common practice at home and abroad.

I certainly don't know whether Lu Xun had this idea during his lifetime, but including a large number of translated works in the complete collection has no meaning except for its obvious greatness. Fortunately, Lu Xun translated Gogoli's "Dead Souls" and not others. Otherwise

Gogoli's complete works would have been included in the complete works of Lu Xun.

I have already said that what is more exciting about Lu Xun’s works is his mixed feelings. But there are still questions about how many of them can become satirical literature with permanent value. The so-called satirical literature must also meet certain conditions. First, the intention must be profound

and the writing style must be sophisticated. Lu Xun is good at this point. Second, the heart of the house must be loyal. Although the author can be cynical, there is still love in his heart, not hatred. The purpose is not to achieve temporary pleasure, nor to "destroy this morning meal" To knock down

others. At this point, I doubt whether Lu Xun had such a broad mind. Third, the object of satire is best to be a general phenomenon or a common shortcoming, at least not a personal criticism, so as to maintain an objective attitude and not become a shrew. Lu Xun

There are too many elements of personal criticism in Lu Xun's mixed feelings. In the future, the situation will change and people will be swept away by the trend. How much value these mixed feelings will have is quite a question.

Fourth, although satire does not have a fixed genre, it must also pay attention to its structure. Like other articles, it must have an appropriate length, a beginning and an end, and form a whole. Most of Lu Xun's miscellaneous feelings are fragmentary in nature. They seem to be written on the spur of the moment and informally. They can fill the space of newspapers and magazines, but may not necessarily become good literary works. The above statement may be too harsh, because Lu Xun himself did not declare that his miscellaneous feelings must be handed down from generation to generation. However, there are many people who admire Lu Xun, and it seems necessary to remind them.

In terms of novels, Lu Xun only wrote a few short stories and no full-length works. His most famous "The True Story of Ah Q" can also be considered a short story. According to my opinion, the best of his short stories is "The True Story of Ah Q". The rest of them are not like short stories in terms of structure. They seem to be sporadic sketches of fragments. A few of them are in the It is beautiful both in writing and sentiment. As a single work, "The True Story of Ah Q" is very valuable. It describes the psychology of a typical ignorant person in Shaoxing around the time of 1911. It is very profound and delicate.

But if we say that this novel is based on our Chinese national character, and if we say that Ah Q is a typical representative of the Chinese people, I think that is an exaggeration, and Lu Xun himself may not have it. This intention. Ah Q, a person

has his own time and place. The artistic success of a work does not mean that the writer can become a great writer. A great writer's work must be serious and have appropriate weight. Works like "The True Story of Ah Q" seem not to be enough to turn its author into a great writer. Once when Bernard Shaw came to Shanghai, the so-called writers in Shanghai brought out our "great writer" Lu Xunweng to meet with him, and even took a picture and published it in a magazine

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Come, there is a tall and silver-haired Bernard Shaw standing on one side, and a weak and shaggy-haired Lu Xun on the other. The contrast between the two is really inappropriate. , the quantity and weight of the works do not weigh in proportion to their stature.

In terms of literary research, Lu Xun's only commendable thing is his "A Brief Introduction to Chinese Novels". He has done some research on Chinese novels

This book is probably still a good book in this regard. I think,

At least this book should be lifted in advance and allowed to circulate. Besides, I don't see what else he has to contribute. Some people say that he has translated many literary works of small and weak European nations. My knowledge is too limited, and I dare not criticize the literature of those so-called "weak and small ethnic groups".

What is the literature like? However, I think that Lu Xun's translation was from Japanese, so he may not have a proper understanding of the literature of various ethnic groups. Moreover, Lu Xun's motivation for translating such literature may be out of sympathy for the oppressed. National sympathy, as for its own literary value, he may not pay much attention to it.

Since the May Fourth Movement, there have been many authors of new literature and art, but not many of them have truly achieved anything, and there are still very few like Lu Xun. He could

have more impressive achievements, but it is a pity that he died too early, and secondly he did not have a sound ideological foundation, so he was caught up in the Communist Party's

trends Rolling away, I lost my literary and artistic stance. Naturally, a writer cannot sing about the wind and the moon all day long. Naturally, he has to open his eyes and look around him. Naturally, he has to vent his resentment and resentment. However, one thing is quite important. , he needs to "observe life quietly and observe the whole of life." (Toseelifesteadilyandseeitwhole). This sentence was said by the British critic Matthew Arnold when he criticized the British for blocking Chaucer. He said that Chaosai failed to do this and that his observations on life were sporadic, partial and superficial. If I want to criticize Lu Xun, I will also borrow this famous saying. Lu Xun's attitude was not calm enough, and he often acted emotionally, so his footing was unstable. Those who opposed him and those who planned to support him had an unnecessary impact on him. He has a pen that a writer should have

but he does not have the mind and psychological preparation that a writer should have. He wrote a lot, but his attitude was just extreme

.

(Liang Shiqiu)