What are the differences and effects of Grass Ganoderma, Wood Ganoderma, Mountain Ganoderma and Meat Ganoderma?

Category: Medical/Disease gt; gt; Traditional Chinese Medicine

Analysis:

Classification of Ganoderma lucidum

The working people of ancient my country have long been interested in Ganoderma lucidum With a simple understanding, there are many records about Ganoderma lucidum in "The Classic of Mountains and Seas". With the deepening of understanding, the ancients made a simple classification of the Ganoderma lucidum discovered at that time.

Classification based on color: Medical books such as "Shen Nong's Materia Medica", "Baopuzi", and "Compendium of Materia Medica" mainly classify "six zhizhi" according to color, namely green zhizhi, red zhizhi, yellow zhizhi, white zhizhi, Black sesame, purple sesame. and described them vividly. Ge Hong said: "The red ones are like corals, the white ones are like cut fat, the black ones are like lacquer, the green ones are like green feathers, and the yellow ones are like purple gold. They are all bright and insightful, like solid ice."

The emergence of Liuzhi is undoubtedly the development of ancient people’s understanding of Zhizhi. It should be pointed out that the current understanding of "Six Zhi" is a group concept, and each represents a group. What the ancients called "Ganoderma lucidum" must not be confused with the Ganoderma lucidum in today's fungal classification. In addition to Ganoderma lucidum and related species, some also include other fungi of the order Polypores and Agaricalales. This is especially true in Taoist classics. . Today it is difficult for us to use modern fungal taxonomy methods to give accurate Latin names to representative species of each ancient category.

Classification based on medicinal efficacy: This is actually a classification introduction to the different functions of "Six Zhi". In the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen classified the "Six Zhizhi" according to their nature, flavor and medicinal function. In his "Compendium of Materia Medica", he inherited the research results of his predecessors, and at the same time criticized the myths and legends about Ganoderma lucidum, and his research on Ganoderma lucidum became more advanced. Go deep. In his book, he recorded and listed the medicinal properties of six kinds of Ganoderma lucidum: "green ganoderma, red ganoderma, white ganoderma, yellow ganoderma, black ganoderma, and purple ganoderma", and pointed out: "There are many types of ganoderma, and some have flowers. The only six types of herbal medicine are "Zhizhi slogan, but its species must be known." The book records more than 30 species of Ganoderma lucidum and other fungi. His research and summary laid a solid foundation for future generations' research on Ganoderma lucidum. The previous "Tang Xin Xiu Materia Medica" (659) was considered an important pharmacopoeia in ancient my country to record the "Liuzhi" fungi, and also had a more detailed explanation of the medicinal uses of "Liuzhi".

Classification based on texture: Ge Hong classified "Five Zhizhi" according to texture, namely stone Zhizhi, wood Zhizhi, meat Zhizhi, fungus Zhizhi and grass Zhizhi, and drew a sketch of the five kinds of Zhizhi. In "Baopuzi, Immortal Medicine", Ganoderma lucidum is divided into "Five Zhizhi" and the ecological habits, collection and medicinal value of the "Wuzhi" are recorded in detail. The article states: "The five kinds of mushrooms include stone mushrooms, wood mushrooms, grass mushrooms, meat mushrooms, and fungus mushrooms, each of which has hundreds of species."

Identification based on morphological drawing: This is also a method used by the ancients to understand and identify Ganoderma lucidum. Many doctors draw morphological diagrams of Ganoderma lucidum based on physical observation. For example, the "Xianyao Chapter" of "Baopuzi, Neipian" contains hundreds of species of Ganoderma lucidum, with maps. The preface of "Tai Shang Ling Bao Zhi Pin" also points out: "Zhi Ying comes in all shapes and sizes, and it is really difficult to distinguish them. Therefore, I drew pictures and recorded them, and I asked you to look for them." The book contains 103 species of Ganoderma lucidum with pictures. The Song Dynasty's "Genomic Genealogy" also contains a map of Ganoderma lucidum.

Modern understanding of the classification of "Six Zhizhi"

The ancients classified Ganoderma lucidum into "Six Zhizhi" based on the color of its fruiting bodies. According to modern biological classification, all varieties of the Ganoderma family are used to classify Ganoderma lucidum. It is very difficult or even impossible to "accommodate" the "Six Zhi" and match them one by one. So far, only Ganoderma lucidum and Purple Zhizhi are relatively certain.

According to the comparative analysis of "Six Zhizhi" and related crops under modern biological classification methods by Professor Zhao Jiding of the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the summary is as follows:

Red Zhizhi, also known as Danzhi Zhizhi, born from Huoshan, has a bitter, flat, and non-toxic nature and flavor. It is mainly used to treat knots in the chest. It can benefit the heart, replenish the heart, increase wisdom, and prevent forgetfulness. Eating for a long time can make you light up and not grow old, and prolong your life. The Ganoderma lucidum that we use most and are most familiar with today may be the representative species of this type. Similar to the Ganoderma lucidum, there are also Ganoderma lucidum and other Ganoderma lucidum. The main characteristics are that the cap is kidney-shaped, semicircular or nearly round, the surface of the cap is brownish-yellow, brownish-red, and has a paint luster, and the surface of the stipe is smooth, the same color as the cap or darker.

Purple Zhizhi, also known as Muzhi, grows in Gaoxia Valley. It has a sweet, warm and non-toxic nature and flavor.

It mainly treats deafness, can benefit joints, replenish essence and qi, strengthen muscles and bones, improve color, treat fatigue, and treat hemorrhoids. Purple Ganoderma lucidum (Chinese Ganoderma lucidum) can be considered a representative species of this type. The main characteristics are that the mushroom umbrella is brown, purple-black to almost black, the mushroom flesh is uniformly brown to maroon, and its basidiospores are larger than those of ordinary red mushrooms.

Huangzhi, also known as Jinzhi, is grown in Songshan Mountain. It has a sweet and flat taste, and is non-toxic. It mainly treats the five evils in the heart and soul, can benefit the spleen and calm the mind. According to Ge Hong's description in "Baopuzi": Meat mushrooms are divided into five types: red, white, black, green, and yellow. The yellow ones are like purple gold, the large ones weigh more than 5 kilograms, and the small ones weigh 1,500-2,000 grams. It can be considered that Polyporus sulfur is the representative species of Huangzhi. When this fungus is fresh, the fungi are mostly fleshy. Fresh specimens can often weigh several kilograms and are yellow in color. They become hard and brittle when old.

Baizhi, also known as Yuzhi, is native to Huashan Mountain. It has a pungent and mild nature and flavor, and is non-toxic. It is mainly used to treat cough and upper qi, replenish lung qi, clear the mouth and nose, strengthen the will and calm the soul. Baizhi is described in "Baopuzi" as "cut off fat", so the medicinal stromatoporus may belong to this category. This fungus has white flesh, is shaped like a horseshoe, can weigh several kilograms in size, and grows on pine trees and other coniferous trees.

Black sesame, also known as black sesame, grows in Changshan Mountain. Its nature and flavor are salty, flat, and non-toxic. Mainly used to treat phlegm, diuresis, nourishing kidney qi, clearing the nine orifices, and promoting intelligence. According to the record of Zhizhi Collecting, black sesame grows in the shade of the valley, has black cover and red stems, and tastes salty and bitter. According to the above records, black sesame may be fake sesame, which has a black cap, turns the wound to blood red when fresh, and has a long black stalk; it may also be a black-stalked polypore, which also has a black cap and stipe. fungi.

Qingzhi, also known as Longzhi, is derived from Mount Tai. It has a sour and flat taste and is non-toxic. It is mainly used to improve eyesight, nourish liver qi, and calm the soul. "Baopuzi" records: "The green ones are like green feathers." Yunzhi may be Qingzhi. This fungus also has a leathery cap and short hairs on the surface, so it has a variety of color changes. This is similar to the description of "Qingzhi is like a green feather" in "Baopuzi".