Write an award speech for Nie Rongzhen

Nie Rongzhen (1899-1992) was a Chinese military strategist and politician. One of the founders and leaders of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Marshal of the People's Republic of China. Born on December 29, 1899 in Jiangjin, Sichuan (now Chongqing City). At the end of 1919, he went to France for a work-study program. In August 1922, he joined the Chinese Youth Communist Party in Europe (later renamed the European Branch of the Chinese Socialist Youth League) and transferred to the Communist Party of China in the spring of the following year. In October 1924, he went to the Soviet Union to study. After returning to China in August 1925, he successively served as secretary and political instructor of the Political Department of Huangpu Military Academy, member of the Military Commission of the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China, special commissioner of the Military Commission, and secretary of the Military Committee of the Hubei Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China. Later, he participated in the dispatch of Chinese Communist Party members to the Northern Expeditionary Army in the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China.

In mid-July 1927, he served as Secretary of the Military Commission of the former enemy of the Communist Party of China. After participating in the Nanchang Uprising, he served as the party representative of the 11th Army of the Rebel Army. In December of the same year, he participated in the leadership of the Guangzhou Uprising. In 1928, he was appointed Secretary of the Military Commission of the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China. In early 1930, he was appointed as Director of the Organization Department of the Shunzhi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China. After May of the same year, he worked in the Central Special Section and the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China, successively in Hong Kong and Tianjin. , Shanghai and other places persisted in secret struggles. He entered the Central Soviet Area in December 1931. After 1932, he served as deputy director of the General Political Department of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and political commissar of the First Army Corps. He was once elected as an executive member of the Central Committee of the Chinese Soviet Union. In April of the same year, as the political commissar of the Red Army's East Route Army, he participated in commanding the Zhangzhou Campaign. After the winter of 1932, he and regiment commander Lin Biao led his troops to participate in the fourth and fifth counter-campaigns against "encirclement and suppression". In 1935, he supported Mao Zedong's ideas at the Zunyi Conference. After crossing the Jinsha River, he served as political commissar of the advance team of the Central Red Army. He once led his troops to participate in Zhiluo Town and the Eastern and Western Expeditions. In November 1936, he participated in commanding the Battle of Hill Castle.

After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he served as deputy division commander and political commissar of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army. He participated in commanding the Pingxingguan battle and achieved the first major victory since the beginning of the national Anti-Japanese War. In November 1937, he served as commander and political commissar of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region, and secretary of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Branch of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. The first anti-Japanese base area behind enemy lines was established in the border areas of Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei provinces. In the winter of 1939, he commanded the battles at Yansuya and Huangtuling and killed Lieutenant General Norihide Abe's brigade commander, who was called the flower of famous generals by the Japanese army. In August 1940, during the Hundred Regiments War, he organized and commanded troops to carry out offensive operations on the Zhengtai, Jinpu, Pinghan, Beining and other railway lines. In the autumn of 1943, he returned to Yan'an to participate in the rectification movement. In 1945, troops from the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region were deployed to fight the Japanese counterattack.

During the War of Liberation, he served as secretary of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Central Bureau, commander of the North China Military Region, second secretary of the North China Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, commander of the North China Field Army, and deputy chief of staff of the Military Commission of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. In 1949, he was appointed commander of the Pingjin Garrison Region and director of the Peiping Military Control Commission. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as mayor of Peking (now Beijing) and vice chairman of the People's Revolutionary Military Commission. He successively participated in commanding the battles of Zhengtai, Qingfengdian, Shijiazhuang, Pingjin and other battles.

He was appointed Acting Chief of General Staff of the People's Liberation Army in early 1950, assisting leaders of the Central Military Commission in deploying the People's Liberation Army to continue to liberate the southwest region and southeastern coastal islands, and eliminate the remaining armed forces and bandits of the Kuomintang. During the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, he participated in organizing the deployment, training, transportation, supply, and rotation of the Chinese People's Volunteers abroad. He has participated in the establishment of leading institutions of various services and arms and a number of military academies, and organized the formulation of military doctrines and regulations. In 1954, he served as vice chairman of the People's Revolutionary Military Committee of the Central People's Government. In 1955, he was awarded the military rank of Marshal of the People's Republic of China and the first-class Bayi Medal, the first-class Independence and Freedom Medal, and the first-class Liberation Medal. In November 1956, he was appointed Vice Premier of the State Council. In 1958, he concurrently served as director of the Science and Technology Commission of the State Council. In 1959, he concurrently served as the director of the National Defense Science and Technology Commission of the Ministry of National Defense, leading scientific and technological research and organizing large-scale national collaborations. In just five years, he successfully developed a variety of missiles and atomic bombs, and soon after he successfully developed a hydrogen bomb. He was successively elected as Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Fourth and Fifth National People's Congress, member of the Seventh, Eighth, Ninth and Tenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, co-opted as a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee at the Eleventh Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee, and member of the Political Bureau of the Eleventh Central Committee. Member of the Political Bureau of the 12th CPC Central Committee.

During the Cultural Revolution, he fought against the counter-revolutionary cliques of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing. From 1983 to 1988, he served as Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission. In July 1988, he was awarded the first-class Red Star Meritorious Medal of Honor of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.

At 22:43 on May 14, 1992, he died in Beijing due to heart failure and rescue efforts failed. He was 93 years old. Author of "Memoirs of Nie Rongzhen". He was Vice Chairman of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd National Defense Commission, Vice Chairman of the 4th and 5th National People's Congress Standing Committee, member of the 7th to 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, member of the 8th Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, and Member of the 9th and 10th CPC Central Committee, member of the Political Bureau of the 11th and 12th CPC Central Committee.

Nie Shuai

It was an early morning by the Sichuan River in late November 1919. A small steamer left the Chongqing pier with a long "Woo" sound, split the turbid river water, and headed downstream. Standing on the deck was Nie Rongzhen, who was only twenty years old.

He held his hand on the railing for a long time, looking at the mountain city where the green trees and buildings were shielding each other. My hometown slowly moved backwards, and the familiar scenery gradually disappeared in the mist. He stood meditating, his mood was agitated, and so many thoughts and past events rushed to his heart like water.

On December 29, 1899, Nie Rongzhen was born in Shiyuan, Wutan Town, Jiangjin County, Sichuan Province.

The stone courtyard originally belonged to a large landowner named Wang. It is a nine-story residence with simple and elegant architectural style. The courtyard is surrounded by fertile fields and fertile soil. Green bamboos grow inside and outside the courtyard walls, and there are large sparkling weirs and ponds on each side. Nie's ancestors migrated from Jiangxi to Guizhou, and then to Jiangjin, Sichuan. At this time, the landowner surnamed Wang had been ruined, and only three of the nine-layered halls in the stone courtyard were left. The Nie family bought it and settled down. After several generations of reproduction, the Nie family became a relatively wealthy family in Jiangjin. But by the time Nie Rongzhen was born, the family had already declined. The stone courtyard has been in disrepair for a long time and is even more dilapidated. Only the bamboo bushes are still full of vitality and are woven into green curtains. People can only see the houses in the green shade when they almost step through the courtyard gate.

When the ancestral family property was passed down to Nie Rongzhen’s father, Nie Shixian, there were only about 10 acres of land left. Nie Shixian rented out a small part of these lands and cultivated most of them himself to maintain his family's livelihood. Nie Shixian was a cautious person and taciturn. His wife Tang Yushan is a housewife like a good wife and mother. When Nie Rongzhen was almost one month old, the couple discussed giving their son an auspicious name. Nie Shixian had studied in a private school for several years, so he opened the book "Portable Treasures" and pointed to the last sentence of the book, "One hundred blessings will bring you both worlds." While reading, he said to his wife: "This is an auspicious sentence. According to the family tree, our son Since he is of the "Rong" generation, we will name him "Rongzhen", whose nickname is "Fu Pian", and his nickname is "Shuangquan". What do you think?" The wife smiled with satisfaction.

When Nie Rongzhen was two years old, his mother gave birth to a younger sister, Nie Rongchang.

The child’s auspicious name did not bring good luck to the Nie family. Due to family disputes, Nie Shixian had to sell his own land and make a living by renting land from landlords. In 1909, the landowner took back the cultivated land, and life became even more difficult. He had to open a small dyeing workshop in partnership with others to make a living. Nie Shixian and his wife were kind-hearted and full of sympathy for the hardworking fellow villagers.

Under the influence of his parents and family environment, Nie Rongzhen has been kind and sympathetic to the working people since he was a child. He often takes the initiative to do housework to share the worries of his parents. When he was 8 years old, he went to his maternal grandfather Tang Yuchu's home to attend private school for three years. Here he received enlightenment education. Tang Haitan, Nie Rongzhen's third uncle, studied at the Chongqing School of Law and Politics. He was active in thinking and knew a lot of news from the outside world. He often discussed current affairs with his classmates at home. Nie Rongzhen's ears and eyes were affected, and he was also affected by it.

In 1911, due to the death of his grandmother, his grandfather was mourning at home and the private school was closed. Nie Rongzhen transferred to the Kongde Third School in Shatubao. After the Revolution of 1911, his yearning for new learning led him to transfer to Wutan Chaqisi Primary School in 1913. Soon, he moved to Chenshi Higher Primary School in Yongchuan County, 15 kilometers away from home.

Chenshi Higher Primary School offers many subjects, and most of the teachers have received new education. Nie Rongzhen felt fresh when he came here. He cherished his time very much and studied eagerly. In addition to learning the required subjects well, he also read extensively to enhance the breadth and depth of his knowledge. In the second semester, he carved on his desk the words "The lights are on at three and the rooster is on at five, which is when a man sets his mind." as his motto. Every night, I often hear the sound of his reading. Others have fallen asleep, but he is still sitting under the small oil lamp. One night, Chinese language teacher Liu Jixiu came to his small oil lamp and saw him reading books about the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. He said: "As a young student, it is of great benefit to be well-read and know the past and present. This is very good.

"One fine morning, principal Zhao Xueshi saw him walking in the corridor while reciting Qu Yuan's "National Memorial". He nodded and praised: "Okay, okay, you should read the poems of Qu Yuan's ancestors by heart." "With tenacious perseverance, Nie Rongzhen studied hard in this elementary school for two and a half years. In the spring of 1917, he transferred to Jiuru Town Higher Elementary School in Jiangjin County and graduated from the school in the summer of the same year. After three years of studying in higher elementary school, Nie Rongzhen achieved excellent results in all subjects. Excellent results.

There is a story about "beating Bodhisattva to expand the school building" in Chenshi High School. This story describes the fighting spirit of young Nie Rongzhen.

Chenshi Elementary School. It is located in a temple called "Sanguan Hall". There are many statues of gods arranged on the walls of the temple. There are many primary school students in the temple, and the teachers and students have requested that the clay statues of gods be removed and the school building expanded. The principal has also made many representations to the temple leaders, but nothing has happened. He was rejected. This summer, a new teacher Yang came. His home was far away and there was no room available in the school. Rong Zhen discussed with several classmates and made room for Teacher Yang in a wing of the temple that night. They quietly broke and moved the Bodhisattva in the room, and posted a note on the door: "The Jade Emperor's Holy Edict: The three officials of heaven, earth, and water will move in today. "The next morning, the whole school was shocked and started talking about it. Some said: "The Bodhisattva has ascended to heaven. Some said: "The Bodhisattva has moved." The teachers and students tacitly said: "Since it is the Jade Emperor's will, we should help the Sanguandian Bodhisattva move." So, all the Bodhisattvas who affected the teaching were removed and removed. The temple leaders became angry and asked the local officials to investigate. However, no results were found. Finally, the principal came forward and bought incense and candles as sacrifices to send the Bodhisattva to "ascend to heaven". Let it go. As a result, not only did Teacher Yang have a dormitory, but the teachers also had offices and additional classrooms. The school building was much more spacious. Decades later, Nie Rongzhen’s story of beating the Bodhisattva was very happy. It was also spread locally.

In the summer of 1917, Nie Rongzhen was admitted to Jiangjin Middle School.

Jiangjin Middle School was the only middle school in the county. It was founded in April 1906. It is a four-year middle school founded under the influence of reform ideas and learning from Japan's modern education system. The school is located on Huangjing Street in the county. The school buildings are all bungalows in civil structure. The school gate faces south and is in the shape of a mouth. There are two rare elm trees in Bashu planted in front of the school, and the campus is shaded by mulberry, willow, and sycamore trees. At that time, the school's equipment and teachers were among the best in Sichuan.

Nie Rongzhen cherished his time at Jiangjin Middle School. A good opportunity to learn, and he studied very hard.

There are often various comments on the books he has read, and he is very strict about knowledge. Understand, do not compete with scores, do all kinds of homework meticulously, draw clearly, and write neatly.

He has a strong memory, but he does not memorize by rote and thinks over and over until he understands it completely. The conduct examination book records comments about his conduct: Appearance - simple clothes; Movement - lively, attentive in class; Speech - not bullying, gentle; Quality - gentle nature; Intelligence - strong memory; Emotions - - Enterprising; Will - Strong.

His spirit of reading while facing the wall was quite praised in the school. Once, when the classroom was empty, he still faced the wall and read aloud to the Chinese teacher. After seeing this, Du Wenyun said: "Rongzhen, you should take a rest! Do you do this every day? "

"Yes, teacher. ”

“Why? "

"Teacher, students think that knowledge is like a thick wall that cannot be penetrated without great effort. ”

“So ambitious! "

Teacher Du returned to him an essay "Comments on Internal Troubles and Foreign Troubles" that he had just finished reviewing, and said, "Rong Zhen, you wrote this article well! It tells the root cause of China's weak country and poor people, and it is persuasive and relevant to the current situation.

The article has new ideas, is insightful, the writing is smooth, and the words are clear. I give you full marks. I will post it in the middle hall for the students to take a look! Rongzhen, where did you learn so many new terms and principles? "

Nie Rongzhen pointed to a few books placed on the wooden bench. Teacher Du flipped through them and saw that they were "Tianyan Lun", "The Origin of Species", and the "New Youth" monthly magazine, etc. He smiled kindly.

Jiangjin Middle School has extremely strict management. All students live on campus and are not allowed to leave the school, let alone go out on the street.

Each self-study room has 6 to 8 people. In such an environment, Nie Rongzhen devoted himself to studying and read extensively. His family had financial difficulties, so he lived frugally, but he did not hesitate to spend money to buy books. After he left school, the school also received a set of "Encyclopedia Series" he ordered from the Shanghai Commercial Press. For this set of books, he spent a stone and a millet of money.

Nie Rongzhen studied hard and looked for a way to save the country. Facing semi-colonial and semi-feudal China, which was dominated by imperialist powers, he considered the revitalization brought by the Industrial Revolution to Europe and the United States, and the rise brought by the Meiji Restoration to Japan, and thought about how to make the poor and backward motherland prosperous.

In 1917, the powerful political shock wave of the Russian "October Revolution" shook China. Nie Rongzhen came into contact with new ideas from magazines such as "New Youth", and he actively joined the ranks of progressive students.

During the Dragon Boat Festival in 1918, he invited seven or eight classmates and friends to Youxi, rented a small boat, took a swim in the vast Yangtze River, and watched the dragon boat race. When the boat reaches the middle of the river, the oars are closed, and the boat drifts with the waves. At this time, all he could see was the vast sky and the surging river. The young Nie Rongzhen couldn't help but feel passionate about remembering Qu Yuan and his ancestors' ambition to reform the laws. He drank wine and drank in the river, reciting a verse from "Li Sao": Don't be strong and abandon the filthy. , why not change this attitude?

Let’s ride on the horse and gallop,

Let me lead the way!

While they were drinking in the boat, they discussed current affairs. While drinking heavily, Nie Rongzhen said passionately: "Our generation must take serving the country as our foundation and make contributions to the rise of the Chinese nation. When we meet again in the future, you must achieve something to live up to the friendship of our classmates."

On January 18, 1919, the Paris Peace Conference was held with the participation of 27 countries. This was a meeting for the imperialist powers such as Britain, the United States, France, and Japan to re-divide the world. This meeting ignored China's sovereignty and status as a victorious nation, and illegally decided to let Japan inherit Germany's pre-World War I privileges in Shandong. When the news reached China, the whole country was shocked; when it reached Jiangjin, the students were so angry that they gathered on campus, chanted slogans, and protested strongly.

The "May 4th" patriotic movement finally broke out. This powerful historical trend influenced a generation of radical youth in China and also influenced Nie Rongzhen. Nie Rongzhen and his classmates marched and rallied, scattered leaflets and posted slogans. In the streets and alleys of Jiangjin, slogans such as "Resist the powerful externally and punish the national traitors internally" and "Resolutely boycott Japanese goods! Don't buy hateful goods! Don't use hateful goods!" were heard everywhere.

Boycotting Japanese goods was the biggest action Nie Rongzhen experienced in middle school. Jiangjin County is located on the edge of the Yangtze River and has relatively developed commerce. Almost all the shops in the stores are Japanese goods, which arouses strong resentment among the students. Student representatives from Jiangjin Middle School and Jiangjin A Agricultural School joined forces to actively carry out boycotts of Japanese goods. They mobilized some shop owners not to sell Japanese goods. Big stores such as "Qiankuntai" and "Mingshenghe" ignored the students' requests, and some small vendors also followed suit. This aroused the anger of the students. Representatives from the Federation of Students formed a team to search several large stores, register the Japanese goods found one by one, and seal them in the "Wenchang Palace" for burning. The Federation of Students also sent representatives to patrol along the river, and no ships carrying Japanese goods were allowed to dock. Several large stores panicked when they heard that the students were going to burn Japanese goods. They used various means to resist and colluded with Jiangjin military and political leaders in an attempt to subdue the students by force. County magistrate Nie Shuwen and garrison commander Wang Tianpei held a meeting of representatives from the academic and business circles, and Nie Rongzhen was a representative of Jiangjin Middle School. Wang Tianpei surrounded the venue with soldiers armed with live ammunition in an attempt to subdue the students. The businessmen demanded compensation for economic losses, but the student representatives argued with reason and refused to give in. They insisted on burning Japanese goods. The two sides were at loggerheads.

At the end of June, the Treaty of Versailles was officially signed. When the news came, Jiangjin students were even more outraged. They immediately gathered to march on the streets. The principal and superintendent obstructed the movement in every possible way, closing the school gates and not allowing students to take to the streets.

At this juncture, progressive students such as Nie Rongzhen and Fu Rulin encouraged their classmates: "Don't be afraid! Rush out!"

The students opened the school gate, and more than 200 people rushed out, forming Column No. 4, together with students from Class A Agricultural School and other schools, formed a massive team. The Federation of Students sent representatives holding small flags to maintain order along the street. More and more people joined the parade, causing a sensation throughout Jiangjin City.

The parade arrived at the "Wenchang Palace" and moved out all the sealed Japanese goods. They went straight to the Dongmen River and set up a high platform. Students and the masses stood around. Representatives of students from the two schools took the stage to preside over the meeting. Nie Rongzhen and others delivered speeches at the meeting. The fierce speech aroused strong patriotic enthusiasm in the audience. Everyone was filled with righteous indignation and threatened to burn all Japanese goods.

Most businessmen were educated through the boycott movement of Japanese goods. But a few big store owners were extremely hostile. They bribed the military and police to suppress the students. On the second day after the burning of Japanese goods, regiment leader Wang Tianpei came to Jiangjin Middle School with armed soldiers. Under Wang Tianpei's instruction, the school first expelled Fu Rulin, and prepared to expel or order the remaining student representatives to drop out at the end of the semester.

Not long after the summer vacation arrived, Nie Rongzhen and the leaders of the Jiangyang Student Union drafted an open letter, calling on the students to widely publicize it after returning home, arousing the public, boycotting Japanese goods, and going to Japan to fight the national calamity. .

In July, Nie Rongzhen returned to his hometown and, together with Tang Jiaxiu, Ye Chucai and others, went to Wutan, Shimen and other places to promote. He mostly used the opportunity of going to the market to speak from a high place. His patriotic fervor during his speeches often received warm applause from the audience.

When I returned to school after the summer vacation, I learned that the reactionary forces would suppress progressive students. Radical students can no longer continue studying. Where to go has become a serious problem. At this time, Nie Rongzhen wanted to go to France for a work-study program.

At that time, the work-study movement in Sichuan was developing rapidly, and young students were actively seeking the truth about saving the country and the people from the West. From the May 4th Movement to the end of 1921, the number of Sichuan work-study students studying in France reached 492, the highest number in the country. In Sichuan, the largest number of people went to Jiangjin, with more than 40 people going to ***.

Nie Rongzhen, Zhong Rumei and other students first went to Chongqing to inquire about specific issues such as the procedures and travel expenses for a work-study program in France, and then returned home to make preparations before going abroad.

He first went to his uncle's house to gain support. Uncle Tang Fuhua is willing to assist. However, when they returned home, their parents were reluctant to let their son stay away from home. They were worried about an accident and expressed their disapproval. Nie Rongzhen declared to his parents his will to change the status quo and the risk of being arrested, and firmly said: "I will go there whether I live or die!" After his uncle's help and persuasion, his parents finally agreed to their son's request. With the help of my uncle, I raised 300 silver dollars for travel expenses and everything was ready.

During the Mid-Autumn Festival, families gather together and prepare wine to enjoy the trip.

One morning after the Double Ninth Festival of the Lunar Calendar, Nie Rongzhen said goodbye to his parents and uncle, and with the ideal of saving the country through industry, he said goodbye to his hometown.

On the day her son left home, the mother buried a jar of fine wine in the ground, preparing to use the jar of wine to help her son return home after his studies. However, the old man has never been able to take out this jar of wine. Nie Rongzhen's mother and father passed away in the 1930s. Nie Rongzhen left his hometown and never stepped into his home shaded by green bamboos in the stone courtyard. It was not until May 1955, when he went to Sichuan to inspect the military factory, that he returned to Jiangjin County.

The small steamer is traveling on the turbulent Yangtze River. The scenery of the river quickly swept away the depression in his heart.

After the boat passed Wanxian, he and his classmates looked at Baidi City, looked up at the twelve peaks of Wushan Mountain, and enjoyed the scenery of the Three Gorges. The majestic mountains and rivers of the motherland and the magical and beautiful legends make them feel relaxed and happy. Facing the magnificent scenery, a classmate chanted: "'The White Emperor's colorful clouds are in the court, and thousands of miles of rivers and mountains are returned in one day'. I am going to a foreign country, and I don't know when I will return?" Nie Rongzhen said: "Determined to serve the country, who cares?" He will last forever."

The boat arrived at Hankou and docked at the dock for a while. Several classmates met to get off the boat and see what the train was like. In Sichuan, railway construction has been brewing for many years, and a movement to protect the road has taken place, but a railway has never been seen, let alone a train. They rushed to the train station, but unfortunately, there was no train at the station. Some people say that you can hear the sound of trains moving in the distance if you lie down on the railroad tracks. Nie Rongzhen then lay down and put his ear against the cold railway tracks, only to hear a "buzzing" sound. Everyone left the train station very excited, talking about building a railway in Sichuan after returning from France so that their trains could run across the land of Bashu.

After arriving in Shanghai, they stayed for about 10 days.

Shanghai, at that time, was known as the "Ten Miles of Ocean Tide" and the "Paradise of Adventurers".

Here, Nie Rongzhen saw the concession of a state within a state, the privileges enjoyed by foreigners, and the gambling and dancing halls, nightclubs, and opium dens where gringos and wealthy people had fun. These further strengthened his ambition to enrich the country and strengthen its military, and he felt that studying abroad was the right path.