Seventh grade political questions

Yi Nationality

The Story of Liu Bocheng and Xiaoye Dan ("Yihai Alliance")

Even if it is raining bullets, even if it is exhausted, the people who trek through thousands of mountains and rivers will The Red Army still holds high its ideals and beliefs: to seek happiness for the working people all over the world, and these working people are regardless of race or region. In a country like China where many ethnic groups exist, the Red Army handled complex ethnic issues with a broad mind and became a model for our party's ethnic policies in the future.

The three main forces of the Red Army during the Long March were mainly active in the southwest and northwest regions, which are areas inhabited by ethnic minorities in my country. About one-third of the time and journey of the Long March was in minority areas. This is the first time in the history of the Chinese Communist Party that it has had such long-term and extensive contact with ethnic minorities. During this difficult process, a series of touching chapters emerged, and the Yi-Hai alliance is undoubtedly the most touching chapter in this series, and has become a long-lasting legend.

In a sense, the victory of the Red Army’s Long March was also, to a large extent, a victory of the national policy.

Yi Hai, called "Ule Subo" in Yi language, means Haizi, is located in Mianning County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan, 47 kilometers north of Mianning County. It is a high mountain freshwater with an altitude of 2286 meters. The lake covers an area of ??218.5 acres. The water is as clear as a mirror and surrounded by lush forests.

Tuowu District, where Yihai is located, is the largest Yi inhabited area in Mianning County. This has always been the case before and after liberation. Due to historical reasons, many Yi people have lived in this mountainous area for generations. The natural scenery here is beautiful, but the living conditions are difficult.

On August 6, our Long March interview team came to the Yi Seaside, to the Yi Alliance Memorial Hall, and to the site where Liu Bocheng and Xiao Yedan formed a blood alliance. This is the climax of the "Yihai Alliance" scene in the Red Army's Long March. However, the complexity of the beginning and end of this drama goes far beyond drama. The reporter spent nearly a week interviewing in Liangshan Prefecture and gained a relatively detailed understanding of this period of history.

Liu Bocheng decided to pass through the Yi District at the opportunity

On August 4, the reporter took a long-distance bus from Xichang, the capital of Liangshan Prefecture, to Mianning. The first half of the journey was on the expressway, and he reached Lugu Town, the car got off the highway.

Lugu Town was also a fork in the route chosen by the Red Army.

According to Li Zhihua, director of the Liangshan Prefecture Historical Records Office, and Wang Dazhao, director of the Mianning County Historical Records Office, the Red Army rushed from the Xichang area to Lugu. There were two roads from Lugu to Dadu River, one of which passed through the Dengcheng River. , go west to Dashubao, and cross the river here. On the other side is Fulin, which is the road to Ya'an. The other road goes through Mianning, Daqiao Town, and Tuowu to Anshunchang. It is a rugged and difficult mountain road, especially in the fortress. Passing through the Yi inhabited area, which has always been regarded as an intimidating road by the Han people.

After the Red Army successfully crossed the Jinsha River, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission's intention was to quickly advance northward, cross the Dadu River, move closer to the Fourth Front Army, and establish a Soviet area in northwest Sichuan. At dawn on May 20, 1935, Liu Bocheng and Nie Rongzhen led the Red Army advance team to Lugu Town. At this time, the First Regiment of the Red Army, led by Yang Dezhi and Li Lin, had arrived in Lugu in advance and was on standby, and sent a reconnaissance team to the front for reconnaissance.

In Mianning County at this time, there were several young students, including Chen Yeping, Liao Zhigao, Li Xiangyun, etc., who were underground party members of the Communist Party of China. These people influenced a group of progressive young people around them and formed the A small group. We will have a special article below to tell readers some stories about the underground party in Mianning and even the Xichang area. At this time, Mianning's underground party members and progressive young people took action to welcome the arrival of the Red Army. Mianning's underground party Deng Minghong, Li Xiangyun, Li Fafa, Xiang Delun, and Wu Zhaoli went in two groups to inquire about the Red Army. In Songlin and Lugu, they contacted and met with the Red Army respectively.

Liu Bocheng and Nie Rongzhen met with these underground party members and progressive young people. Based on their reports on the Mianning Party organization, the route north of Lugu, and the enemy's situation, and based on the information obtained by the Red Army reconnaissance team, Liu Bo admitted that the enemy had determined that the Red Army would take the road from Xichang to Fulin and use Fulin as a defensive base. focus. Liu Bocheng suggested that the Military Commission change the march route and take the small road of Mianning and Anshunchang.

Liu and Nie immediately drafted a telegram and handed it over to the radio station for dispatch. However, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission was on the march and could not be contacted. After discussion, Liu and Nie decided to send the first regiment to Mianning first, and then contact the Military Commission.

The term "Long March" was proposed for the first time

American journalist Salisbury wrote in his book "The Long March - Unheard Stories": "After months of marching, the people here (referring to Mian Ning - editor's note) are the most enthusiastic and hospitable. They send buckets of candies and sweets, baskets of freshly picked apricots and bunches of red Cherry... People set off firecrackers, set up vegetable stalls, and invited the Red Army to drink sugar water. The soldiers had to pay for tea, which made the fellow villagers angry. There were slogans everywhere on the street: 'Welcome the Red Army' and 'Support the ***. Communist Party'."

The enthusiasm of the people of Mianning for the Red Army can still be felt today. After learning about our reporter's interview intentions, the Mianning County Propaganda Department gave us particularly enthusiastic support. The deputy director of the Propaganda Department of the Mianning County Party Committee personally accompanied reporters to the Yihai area for interviews. The county party committee's Propaganda Department also personally proudly introduced to reporters that the Red Army's Long March set four firsts in Mianning.

■The first one: Mianning was the first county the Red Army entered since the Long March. Hearing that the Red Army was approaching, Kuomintang County Magistrate Zhong Boqin fled with a small number of troops, leaving Mianning an undefended empty city. At about 1 a.m. on May 21 of that year, the leading troops of the Red Army entered Mianning County. After Liu Bocheng, Nie Rongzhen and other Red Army leaders entered the city, they set up their headquarters in the Catholic Church. Political Commissar Nie Rongzhen talked with five French nuns in French and advised them not to panic. After Liu and Nie contacted the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, the Military Commission expressed full agreement with their proposal to advance northward via Mianning and Ansunchang.

■The second first: The Red Army established the first county-level revolutionary regime in Mianning. Immediately after the Party Central Committee entered Mianning County, on the morning of May 22, Chen Yun, member of the Political Bureau and director of the Central Local Work Department, met with Chen Yeping, a member of the Xichang Special Branch of the Underground Party, at the General Political Department’s residence to learn about the underground party in Xichang and Mianning. local conditions. After that, a meeting was held immediately and it was officially decided to establish the Mianning County Revolutionary Committee, with Chen Yeping as chairman, Li Jingquan as vice chairman, and seven members including Fang Zhong, Xiao Peixiong and Li Fafa. The Revolutionary Committee consists of the Finance and Food Section, the Minor Nationalities Section and the Administrative Section. Chen Yun drafted the proclamation of the Revolutionary Committee.

On the morning of May 23, the Mianning County Revolutionary Committee was officially established. The founding meeting was held in front of the Dacheng Hall of the Confucian Temple in Mianning County, with nearly a thousand Yi Han people in attendance. The conference was chaired by Chen Yeping. Zhu De, chairman of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, spoke at the meeting about the principle of armed workers and peasants to make revolution and seek liberation. Li Jingquan also spoke at the meeting.

■The third first: On the Long March, the Red Army organized the first local peasant armed force, the "Mianning County Anti-Donation Army" in Mianning. The Anti-Donation Army was led by Red Army cadre Huang Yinglong as commander-in-chief and Chen Yeping as political commissar. Anti-Donation Army soldiers wore red armbands and were issued some guns by the Red Army. At that time, more than 500 people in the county participated in the anti-donation army.

■The fourth first: The word "Long March" was first proposed in Mianning. On May 22, the Red Army posted the "Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army Proclamation" signed by Zhu De in Mianning County. The full text is:

The Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army liberates weak and small ethnic groups; all Yi and Han civilians are brothers and sisters. .

I hate the Sichuan warlords, who oppressed the barbarians too cruelly; they imposed heavy taxes and excessive taxes, and they also resorted to killing indiscriminately.

The Red Army has been on a long march of thousands of miles, and its direction is unstoppable; now it has arrived in western Sichuan and respects the customs of the Yi people.

Military discipline is very strict and not a drop is moved; food is traded fairly and the price is fully delivered.

We, the barbarians, must not be suspicious or flinch; unite quickly and drive out the warlords.

Establish a Yi government, and the Yi people will manage the Yi people; they will be truly equal and free, and will no longer be bullied by others.

I hope to work hard to promote and broadcast this to Xishu.

Previously, only the terms "Western Expedition" and "Expedition" appeared in the documents of the Central Red Army. Only since then, the terms "Long March" and "Eighteen Thousand Miles" have appeared in the Red Army's messages. Phrases such as "Long March", "Long March of more than 10,000 miles", "Long March of 25,000 miles".

Of course, what is more important than the first appearance of the word "Long March" is the spirit of national unity and equality reflected in this "Red Army Proclamation". As Wu Jingjing, who was born in the Yi ethnic group and was the party secretary of the Tibet Autonomous Region, said, in just 156 words, he vividly expounded the basic propositions of the Communist Party of China on ethnic issues and laid the foundation for the Yi-Hai alliance.

On the day the announcement was issued, the Red Army advance team led by Liu Bocheng and Nie Rongzhen had already marched towards the Yi inhabited areas.

Xiaoye Dan relies on his personal charm to become the leader

Having said that, we must introduce Xiaoye Dan, one of the protagonists of this article.

In Xichang, the reporter met and interviewed Xiao Yedan’s grandson, 33-year-old Shen Jianguo, who is now a cadre of the Liangshan Prefecture Work Safety Administration.

Shen Jianguo said that when the Red Army entered Liangshan, the large and small Black Yi clans that had no jurisdiction over each other divided and ruled the Yi area in Liangshan, Sichuan. Each family branch has a "Su Yi" (that is, a leader or leader - editor's note). Leaders are neither hereditary nor appointed, but rely entirely on personal cultivation and conduct. They arise naturally through personal charisma in social practice. His grandfather Xiao Ye Dan is such a "Su Yi". Xiao Yedan has been smart since he was a child. He is eloquent and proficient in Chinese by the time he is a teenager. When he grew up, he could fairly solve any problems in the family branch and formed an influence in that area, so he was promoted as "Su Yi". "Su Yi" is not the only one in a family branch. For example, Xiao Yedan is just one of the "Su Yi" in the Guoji family branch. The Bai Yi were in a slave-like position without power in such a society.

In the Tuowu Yi District of Mianning County at the time of the "Yihai Alliance", within an area of ??several hundred kilometers, there were three major black Yi branches: Guoji (Guji), Luohong and Luowu. They each have their own sphere of influence and military armaments.