Drowning prevention information, urgent! ! !

1. Key points for swimming safety

1. Do not be too hungry or too full when entering the water. You can only go into the water one hour after a meal to avoid cramps;

2. Test the water temperature before going into the water. If the water is too cold, do not go into the water;

3. If swimming in rivers, lakes, or seas , you must be accompanied by a companion and cannot swim alone;

4 Observe the environment of the swimming place before entering the water. If there is a danger warning, you cannot swim here;

5 Do not swim in the geographical area Canyon swimming in unclear conditions. The water in these places is of different depths and is cold. There may be obstacles in the water that can hurt people, which is very unsafe;

6 Before diving, you must make sure that the water here is at least 3 meters deep and there are no debris underwater. Grass, rocks or other obstructions. It is safer to enter the water with feet first;

2. How to prevent lower limb cramps during swimming

1. Be sure to warm up before swimming.

2 Before swimming, you should consider your physical condition. If you are too full, too hungry, or too tired, do not swim.

3 Before swimming, put some water on your limbs and then jump into the water. Don't jump into the water immediately.

4 If you have chest pain while swimming, you can press your chest hard and wait until you feel better before going ashore.

5 If you have abdominal pain, you should go ashore. It is best to drink some hot drinks or hot soup. , to keep the body warm.

3. Self-rescue strategy for swimming and drowning in summer

1. For those with cramps in their hands and feet, if their fingers are cramped, they can make a fist with their hands, then open them with force, and repeat this several times quickly until the until the cramp disappears;

2. If there is cramp in the calf or toe, take a breath and float on the water, hold the toe of the cramped limb with the hand on the opposite side of the cramped limb, and pull it toward the body with force, while using the same hand to Press the palm of your side on the knee of the cramped limb to help straighten the cramped leg;

3 If you have thigh cramps, you can also use the same method of lengthening the cramped muscles to solve the problem.

For drowning victims, in addition to actively rescuing themselves, they must also actively carry out land rescue:

1 If there is mud, weeds and vomit in the mouth and nose of the drowning person, it should be removed first , keep the upper respiratory tract unobstructed;

2. If the drowning person has drunk a lot of water, the rescuer can kneel on one leg, bend the other leg, put the drowning person’s abdomen on the bent thigh, and use one hand to Hold the drowning person's head, push his mouth downward, and press the other hand on the back to drain the water;

3. If the drowning person is unconscious, breathing is weak or has stopped breathing, after completing the above treatment, , perform artificial respiration. The drowning person can be made to lie on his back, and the rescuer can hold the drowning person's nose with one hand and support his chin with the other hand, take a breath, and then blow the air into the drowning person's mouth with his mouth. After blowing, leave the drowning person's mouth, release the hand pinching the nose, and press the drowning person's chest with your hands to help him exhale. Repeat this regularly, about 14-20 times per minute. You can do it slowly at the beginning and speed up later.

4. Drowning first aid

1 After lifting the injured person out of the water, immediately remove the water, mud and dirt from the mouth and nose, and wrap the fingers with gauze (handkerchief) Pull the wounded person's tongue out of the mouth, unbutton his clothes and collar to keep the respiratory tract open, then pick up the wounded person's waist and abdomen, with his back facing upwards and his head drooping, to pour water. Or pick up the legs of the injured person, put his abdomen on the shoulders of the first responder, and run quickly to pour out the accumulated water. Or the first-aider can take a half-kneeling position, place the injured person's abdomen on the first-aider's legs, make his head droop, and use his hands to flatten his back to pour water.

2 Those who have stopped breathing should immediately perform artificial respiration. Generally, mouth-to-mouth blowing is best. The first responder is located on the side of the casualty, holds the casualty's chin, pinches the casualty's nostrils, takes a deep breath, and slowly blows air into the casualty's mouth. When the chest is slightly raised, relax the nostrils and press the chest with one hand. To aid exhalation. Repeat and rhythmically (blow 16 to 20 times per minute) until breathing is restored.

3 Those with cardiac arrest should first undergo external chest heart massage. Let the injured person lie on his back, with a hard board on his back, his head lowered and later raised. The first responder is on one side of the injured person, facing the injured person, with his right palm flat on the lower part of his sternum, his left hand on the back of his right hand, and using the first aid person's body weight to slowly Use force, but not too much force to prevent fracture. Press the sternum down about 4 cm, then release the wrist (without leaving the sternum) to restore the sternum. Repeat this rhythmically (60 to 80 times per minute) until the heartbeat recovers. .

5. What should I do if my ears get water while swimming?

1 One-legged jumping method: With the affected ear pointing downward, the water will flow downward from the external auditory canal using the gravity of the water.

2 Method of mobilizing the external auditory canal: You can continuously press the tragus with your palms or pull the auricle with your fingers; or you can repeatedly open your mouth and move the temporomandibular joint, which can make the skin of the external auditory canal move up, down, left, and right continuously or change. Water barrier stability and pressure smoothing allow water to flow outward from the external auditory canal.

3. External auditory canal cleaning method: Use a clean thin cotton swab to gently probe into the external auditory canal. Once it contacts the water barrier, you can suck out the water.

Due to unclean swimming pool or river water, sewage entering the ear can cause infection of the skin and eardrum of the external auditory canal, or improper handling of water in the ear, such as unclean ear picking, etc., can often cause the following ear diseases: External auditory canal inflammation, external auditory canal boils, cerumen obstruction, myringitis, suppurative otitis media.

6. Precautions for swimming in summer

1 It is not advisable to swim after eating or drinking.

2 People with open wounds, skin diseases, or eye diseases should not swim.

3 It is not advisable to swim if you have a cold, illness, physical discomfort or weakness.

4 It is not suitable for swimming during thunderstorms.

5 The water temperature is too low and too cold for swimming.

6 It is prohibited to joke excessively with your companions while swimming.

7 Don’t go into the water on a whim, especially in the wild.

8 Do not swim if the wind and waves are too strong or the lighting is poor.

9 Do not swim or dive in unknown waters.

10 Do not dive when the water is shallow and there are many people.

11 Swim in places with lifeguards and qualified facilities.

12. Do warm-up exercises before entering the water.

13. Bring all the equipment for entering the water, including swimming goggles.

14 Do not panic or be confused in the water. If you experience cramps, please stay calm and use upward floating instead.

Participate in cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and water self-rescue training when you have the opportunity. If you encounter someone drowning and you are not sure, you should not go into the water to save the person. You can shout for help while using bamboo poles, branches, ropes, clothes or floats. Material rescue.

16 When camping, fishing, or doing outdoor activities near water, be careful to prevent children from accidentally falling into the water.

17 When swimming at the beach or outdoors, prevent sunburn and puncture wounds on the soles of your feet.

7. Drowning

1 Cause of death from drowning

Mainly due to inhalation of a large amount of water in the trachea, which hinders breathing, or severe spasm of the larynx, causing respiratory tract closure and suffocation. .

2 Symptoms

The face of a drowning person is bruised and swollen, the eyes are bloodshot, and the mouth, nostrils and trachea are filled with bloody foam. The limbs are cold, the pulse is thin and weak, and even convulsions or breathing and heartbeat stop.

3 Self-rescue and rescue

When drowning occurs, self-rescue methods can be used if you are not familiar with water properties: In addition to calling for help, lie on your back with your head backward so that your nose can be exposed. Surface breathing. Breathe out shallowly and inhale deeply. Because when you take a deep breath, the specific gravity of the human body drops to 0.967, which is slightly lighter than water, and can surface (when you exhale, the specific gravity of the human body is 1.057, which is slightly heavier than water). At this time, do not panic or raise your arms to flutter. move, causing the body to sink faster.

If calf cramps occur to those who know how to swim, they should stay calm, adopt a backstroke position, and bend the toes of the cramped leg dorsally with your hands to relax the cramps, and then swim slowly to the shore.

When rescuing a drowning person, you should quickly swim to the vicinity of the drowning person, observe the position clearly, and rescue from behind. Or throw in wooden planks, lifebuoys, long poles, etc. to help those who fall into the water climb to the shore.

Rescue after getting out of the water:

First clean the sludge, phlegm and mucus in the mouth and nose of the drowning person, remove the dentures, and then perform water control treatment. The rescuer bends one leg at the knee and places the drowning person prone on the rescuer's lap, positioning the drowning person so that the water in the drowning person's body is discharged from the trachea and mouth. In some rural areas, the drowning person is placed prone on the back of a cow, with his head and feet dangling, and the cow is driven to walk. This not only controls the water but also provides artificial respiration. If the drowning person's breathing and heartbeat have stopped, immediately perform mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration and perform external chest heart massage.

8. How to prevent drowning

1. Do not go out swimming alone, let alone go swimming in places where you do not know the bottom of the water and do not know the water conditions, or are dangerous and prone to drowning casualties.

To choose a good swimming place, you must have a clear understanding of the environment of the place, such as whether the reservoir and bathing beach are hygienic, whether the water is flat, whether there are reefs, undercurrents, weeds, and the depth of the water.

2 Swimming must be organized and led by a teacher or someone familiar with the water. to take care of each other. If a group organization goes out for swimming, the number of people should be counted before and after entering the water, and lifeguards should be designated for safety protection.

3 You must be aware of your physical health. People who are prone to cramps in their limbs should not participate in swimming or swim in deep water areas. Be prepared before entering the water. Move your body first. If the water temperature is too low, you should first rinse your body with water in shallow water and wait until you adapt to the water temperature before swimming in the water. Students with dentures should remove them to prevent choking. Dentures fall into the esophagus or trachea when exposed to water.

4 You must be self-aware of your own water nature. Do not show off after entering the water, do not dive or swim rashly, and do not fight with each other to avoid drinking water and drowning. Do not swim in rapids and whirlpools, and do not swim after drinking.

5 If you suddenly feel uncomfortable while swimming, such as dizziness, nausea, palpitation, shortness of breath, etc., go ashore to rest or call for help immediately.

6 If you experience cramps in your calves or feet while swimming, do not panic. You can kick your legs or do jumping movements, or massage or pull the cramped area, and call your companions for help.

7 When you encounter a drowning accident while swimming, on-site first aid is urgent, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation is the most important. After rescuing the drowning person ashore, the vomit, sediment and other debris from the mouth and nasopharynx should be removed immediately to keep breathing smooth; the tongue should be pulled out to prevent it from turning back and blocking the respiratory tract; the drowning person's abdomen should be raised, Let the chest and head droop, or hold the patient's legs and place the abdomen on the first responder's shoulders, and perform walking or jumping "water pouring" movements. Restoring the breathing of a drowning victim is the key to the success of first aid. Artificial respiration should be performed immediately. Mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose artificial respiration can be used. During first aid, the victim should be quickly sent to the hospital for treatment.

9. How to save yourself if you encounter drowning

During the summer vacation, many students like to go out together, especially because the weather is hot, everyone is willing to play and swim by the water. This is often the case. , dangerous situations can easily occur. Since this summer vacation, student drowning incidents have occurred from time to time. Some of these accidents were caused by students not mastering scientific rescue skills when rescuing each other. Not long ago, a drowning incident occurred in Qitaihe City, Heilongjiang Province. Five high school students drowned while trying to save their classmates who fell into the water.

On July 14, 2004, some students from the fifth class of Qimei Group Senior High School spontaneously organized a trip to Wanbao Reservoir in Qitaihe City, Heilongjiang Province. Along the way, the students were talking and laughing. Walk on the steep mountain path and enjoy the charming natural scenery around you. Li Qing, a 16-year-old girl, went to wash her hands alone in a reservoir without guardrails. The cement-made dam was relatively flat, and the long slope was steep. The underwater part of the nearest dam was covered with moss. At this moment, An accident happened. She slid down, and fast. Li Qing, who couldn't swim, panicked. She struggled and called for help. Classmates Li Quanrui and Xu Zhongbao, who were playing nearby, rushed over after hearing the call for help. They held hands and went into the water to rescue people. Just when they were about to touch Li Qing's hand, Li Quanrui and Xu Zhongbao, who were not used to water, slipped, and the lake water immediately flooded their heads. They drifted further and further away, seeming to feel closer and closer to death. Seeing this, eight boys, including Li Kai, immediately ran towards the dam. They formed two groups of human chains and went to the lake hand in hand to rescue three classmates who fell into the water. At this time, the classmate who fell into the water was already 6 or 7 meters away from the shore. Fang Weixin and other classmates had also reached waist-deep water. At this moment, the accident happened again. The classmates standing there slipped and fell one after another. Fang Weixin and Li Kai were pulled ashore by their classmates because they were closer to the shore, while the other three students disappeared after they sank into the water. At this moment, 16-year-old girl Zhang Zhiyu ran over from the mountain and rushed to the edge of the dam. She jumped into the water and swam towards Li Qing, who was struggling 8 or 9 meters away. Li Qing grabbed Zhang Zhiyu's arm tightly as if grabbing a life-saving straw. In panic, the students cried and asked passers-by for help. Several migrant workers who knew how to swim jumped into the water without saying a word to search for and rescue the drowning boy. Because the water was extremely turbid and the visibility was only about 1 meter, several people kept swimming forward to look for it. At the same time, the students quickly called the 120 emergency center. When several children were pulled ashore, their faces were blue and purple, their pupils were dilated, and they had been drowning for a long time.

The five students who fell into the water were subsequently sent to the hospital for rescue. However, due to the long drowning time, the five students died after the rescue failed. Five young lives disappeared like this. Their actions and spirit of risking their own lives to rescue their classmates at a critical moment are shocking, but the occurrence of this accident is regrettable. In fact, in our daily lives, drowning accidents happen from time to time. If we encounter a drowning person, what should we do during rescue?

Drowning is a common accident caused by swimming or falling into a puddle or well. Drowning usually occurs in swimming pools, reservoirs, puddles, ponds, rivers, streams, seaside and other places. Summer is the season when drowning accidents occur frequently. Swimming drownings occur every summer. Among the drowning people, some are people who cannot swim, and some are people who can swim and are good at water.

Now is the season when the weather is getting warmer and summer is approaching, and the number of drowning casualties among primary and secondary school students has also increased significantly. According to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Education and other units in 10 provinces and cities including Beijing and Shanghai, 16,000 primary and secondary school students die abnormally every year across the country. On average, more than 40 students die every day from accidents such as drowning, traffic or food poisoning. Among them, drowning and traffic remain the top two causes of accidental death. Let’s take a look at a set of drowning accident data from 2004.

On June 21, five female students drowned in Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province. Among the five students who died, the oldest was 14 years old and the youngest was only 7 years old

On June 25, three primary school students in Fu'an City, Fujian Province drowned while swimming in a stream

< p>On June 29, three female students around the age of 10 drowned while playing in a pond in Dazhou City, Sichuan Province

On July 1, three female students were swimming in a reservoir in Shangdu City, Henan Province Death by drowning

On July 4, four junior high school students around the age of 16 were swimming in the Songhua River in Jilin Province. Three people drowned and one person survived.

What should you do if you encounter drowning? How to save yourself

When you find someone falling into the water, the rescuer should not rush to save the person, because it will be very dangerous if he is caught by the person falling into the water. Entangled with a drowning person in the water will not only consume a lot of physical strength of the rescuer, but sometimes even lead to the rescuer's physical exhaustion and death. If the situation is very urgent and the rescuer has certain rescue skills, the rescuer should take off his clothes, pants and shoes as soon as possible before entering the water. When approaching the drowning person, he should try to avoid being caught by the drowning person.

10. Parents take their children to the swimming pool for summer fitness. How much do children know about swimming safety?

1. Do not inhale through the nose

Inhale through the nose when swimming. Most likely to cause choking. Before children go into the water, parents should explain this issue clearly to their children to arouse their alertness. If you choke on water, you must first open your mouth wide and take a deep breath. Even if you drink a few water, you must open your mouth wide and do not breathe through your nose. Children often have a fear of drinking water. In fact, for beginners, it is better to drink more water than to choke on a mouthful of water. It is inevitable for world swimming champions to drink water in the pool sometimes. Coach Fu pointed to the children who were just learning to swim in the swimming pool and told reporters, "Look, it is easy for beginners to swim with their mouths closed. Even though the coach repeatedly emphasized that they should swim with their mouths open, the children are still not used to it."

2 Don’t play around the swimming pool

Most of the swimming pool is surrounded by mosaic floors. Swimmers walk back and forth on it, leaving a lot of water, so the floor is very slippery. Children are very active and often run and chase and fight on it. Once they fall, they will be in danger.

Never dive upside down

Some children like to dive upside down by the pool, thinking it is exciting, but little do they know that there are dangers hidden there. According to Coach Fu, the child was diving upside down and his body was slightly tilted, so his lower mouth could easily hit the edge of the pool and break his chin. Some children turn around and dive into the water. If they are not careful, they may be in danger. Some children plunge headfirst into the pool, thinking it is fun; however, some swimming pools are not deep, and some children use too much force. For this reason, it is common for their heads to hit the bottom of the pool and break their heads, which can be life-threatening in serious cases. .

3 Prevent leg cramps

Children may feel panicked when they first learn to swim. In addition, the water is cold and they may get leg cramps if they stay in the water for a long time. At this time, parents and children should not be too nervous. They should immediately let the children stop swimming and float on their backs on the water.

According to Coach Fu, one of the ways to effectively prevent cramps is to make preparations before swimming. Preparatory activities include moving the joints of the head, neck, shoulders, arms, waist and legs, hands, and feet. Sometimes parents can also splash some water on their children's limbs to allow them to gradually adapt to the water temperature before swimming in the water. You can also drink some light salt water beforehand.

3 Keep children away from their parents’ sight

Children are too young and have little concept of safety. Although parents have given some knowledge in this area, they still play in the water and forget their parents' advice. Therefore, parents must always pay attention when their children are swimming to ensure their children's safety. Even if your child has learned how to swim, or the area seems safe, it's still best for parents to keep an eye on their child so they can take immediate action if they sense something is going wrong.

4 Prevent children from earache and tinnitus

If water fills the child's ear while swimming, tilt the head to the side of the ear where the water is, pull the earlobe hard, and use the same side to Jump on one leg; align your palms with your ear canals, block your ears tightly with your hands. If there is water in your left ear, tilt your head to the left. If there is water in your right ear, tilt your head to the right. Then quickly move your hands away, and the water will disappear. Being sucked out. After that, use a sterile cotton swab to put into the ear canal to suck out the water.

5 Prevent children from nausea and vomiting

When children swim, some may cause temporary nausea due to choking on their noses, drinking water, fatigue, and emotional stress, and they should go ashore in time. Press the Zhongwan and Neiguan points with your fingers or take a few pills of Rendan.

6 Don’t swim in rivers, lakes, seas and reservoirs

Try not to let your children swim in rivers, lakes, seas and reservoirs. Every year there are incidents of children swimming alone in these places. And the tragedy of drowning occurred. The water in these places seems calm, but due to hidden whirlpools under the water, you may be swept away by the whirlpool as soon as you enter the water. If you go to these places, be sure to be accompanied by a parent and bring safety equipment such as floats. When swimming in the sea, it is best to swim parallel to the coastline. Those with poor swimming skills and lack of physical strength should not wade into the deep water. You need to be even more careful when swimming in areas with unclear geographical environment. If there are obstacles underwater, you may be in danger if you hit something hard or get entangled in something underwater.

11. Self-rescue after swimming in distress

Self-rescue method for cramps in water

1. If cramps occur while swimming, do not panic. Stay calm and stop. Swim, float on your back on the water, and use different methods to rescue yourself according to different parts.

2. If calf cramps occur due to fatigue due to low water temperature, the body can be placed in a supine position. Hold the toes of the cramped leg with your hands and pull upwards to straighten the cramped leg. Use the other leg to step on the water and paddle with the other hand to help the body float. Do this several times in a row to return to normal. After landing, use the tips of your middle and index fingers to pinch into Chengshan point or Weizhong point for massage. ?When your hands cramp, you should quickly clench your fists, then straighten them hard, repeat several times until they recover. If one hand has cramps, in addition to doing the above actions, you can massage Hegu, Neiguan and Waiguan points. ?For upper abdominal muscle cramps, you can pinch the Zhongwan point (four inches above the navel), and pinch the Zusanli point. You can also lie on your back in the water, bend your legs toward the abdominal wall, and then straighten them. Repeat several times. ?After cramping, use another swimming style to swim back to the shore. If you have to use the same swimming posture, beware of cramping again.

Self-Rescue for Water Weeds: Rivers, rivers, lakes, and moorings near the shore or in shallow places usually have weeds or silt. Swimmers should try to avoid swimming in these places. What should I do if unfortunately I get tangled in aquatic plants or get stuck in the mud? ?First of all, be calm and do not tread water or move your hands or feet randomly, otherwise it will make it more difficult to free your limbs from entanglement, or it will sink deeper and deeper into the mud. ?Use the backstroke method (straighten your legs and paddle backwards with your palms) and slowly return along the original path. Or lie flat on the water, spread your legs, and use your hands to free yourself.

3. If you carry a knife with you, you can cut the aquatic plants. Otherwise, try kicking the aquatic plants away, or knocking the aquatic plants off your hands and feet like taking off socks. If you cannot get rid of yourself, you should call for help in time.

4 After getting rid of the aquatic plants, gently kick your legs and swim, and leave the place with overgrown aquatic plants as soon as possible.

Self-rescue method for being caught in a whirlpool. Whirlpools will appear in places where the river suddenly widens, narrows or twists, where there are protruding rocks and other obstacles at the bottom of the water, where there are deep pools with depressions, and where the river bed is unequal in height. When flash floods occur and river water surges, there are the most whirlpools. There are often whirlpools at the beach, so be careful.

5 Where there are whirlpools, there are usually garbage, leaves and debris swirling in the water surface. You can detect them early as long as you pay attention, and you should try to avoid getting close to them.

6 If you are already close, do not step on the water. You should immediately lie down on the water and swim quickly along the edge of the whirlpool with crawling strokes. Because the attractive force at the edge of the whirlpool is weak and it is difficult to be involved in larger objects, the body must lie flat on the water surface and must not step upright or dive into the water.

Self-rescue method for excessive fatigue

1 If you feel cold or tired, you should swim back to the shore immediately. If you are far from shore or too tired to return immediately, float on your back to conserve strength.

2 Raise one hand, relax your body, and let the other person save you. Don't hold on to your savior.

3 If no one comes, continue to float on the water and swim back to the shore after your physical strength recovers.

12. 16 things to avoid when swimming

1. Avoid swimming before and after meals

2. Avoid swimming after strenuous exercise

3. Avoid menstruation Swimming during the period

4. Avoid swimming in unfamiliar waters

5. Avoid swimming in the sun for a long time

6. Avoid swimming without doing preparatory activities

< p>7. Avoid eating immediately after swimming

8. Avoid swimming for too long

9. Avoid swimming with a history of epilepsy

10. Avoid swimming with patients with high blood pressure

11 Avoid swimming if you have heart disease

12 Avoid swimming if you have otitis media

13 Avoid swimming if you have acute conjunctivitis

14 Avoid swimming with certain skin diseases Swimming

15. Avoid swimming after drinking

16. Avoid neglecting hygiene after swimming

13. Self-rescue and mutual rescue in swimming

(1) Self-rescue in swimming

1. Self-rescue of muscle cramps. Muscle cramps in water are caused by excessive release of electrolytes in the water, relatively cold water, excessive physical energy consumption, and insufficient preparation activities on land. sufficient reasons. Cramps in the legs and toes are generally the most common. If you encounter this situation, you should first maintain your body's balance in the water, straighten your legs as much as possible, then grab your ankles with your hands, hook your toes toward your body, and pull your toes toward you as much as possible until the cramp disappears. If the cramp is too severe and the legs have contracted and become numb, you can pull and swim toward the shore, or you can shout for help.

2 Sudden sinking while swimming is a common risk for beginners or those with low swimming skills. During swimming, you will feel that your body suddenly loses strength and then your body sinks. This kind of situation is mainly caused by underestimation of one's own physical strength, uneven distribution of physical strength, excessive physical exertion, and oneself not aware of it. When encountering this situation, you must stay calm. You can close your breath when the body sinks, so that the lungs in the body can The body is filled with gas. For a moment, the body will float up naturally. Then, stroke the small breaststroke hand (press down with the hand to stroke), kick the small breaststroke leg (mainly use the calf and ankle to draw a circle from the inside to the outside), and gradually transition to the breaststroke. If there are auxiliary facilities such as water lines around you, you can rest for a while before swimming.

3 Being entangled in aquatic plants in natural waters. When swimming in wild natural waters, you must first observe the underwater environment. If you are unfortunate enough to be entangled in aquatic plants or fishing nets, you must remain calm and do not struggle. In this situation, only by staying calm can you have a chance of relief. The sooner an entanglement is discovered, the easier it is to free it. After being entangled, you should first relax your body, observe the entanglement situation, and find a way to free yourself. If you cannot free yourself, you can shout for help. (Aquatic plants and entangled rope tips will spread outward and upward as the body relaxes. As long as you carefully find the source, you will be free)

4 When you encounter danger when rescuing others, relief and self-rescue are inevitable in swimming. We will encounter others in danger in the water. When others are in danger, we all need to lend a helping hand. However, when we rescue a drowning person, the drowning person is unconscious due to panic and fear. In the panic, he often grabs the lifesaver. , it is possible that we are caught or held before towing. In this case, we need to calmly use extrication techniques to get rid of the drowning person, and then carry out rescue.

(2) Mutual rescue in swimming

1. The method of extrication is for the drowning person to grab one wrist of the lifeguard. For example, if the lifeguard has one hand and the drowning person grabs both hands above him at the same time. The grasping hand should be clenched into a fist, and the other hand should be passed between the drowning person's arms from below. The grasped hand should be twitched downward to force the drowning person's thumb to loosen, and then rescue can be carried out. If the lifeguard's hand is caught by the drowning person from below, he will be freed as well. The difference is that the lifeguard's hand passes between the drowning person's hands from above, holds the caught hand tightly and twitches upward.

2 The rescuer's rescue method is to hold the drowning person's neck from behind. The lifeguard holds the back of the drowning person's hand with one hand and the other hand against the elbow of the same hand of the drowning person. The body sinks and lifts upward with force. Push the elbow, hold the back of the drowning person's hand and press hard to release him. At the same time, hold the drowning person's wrist, turn the drowning person so that his back is facing you, and drag him.

3. The drowning person’s rescue method used to hold the waist of the rescuer. Due to the survival mentality of the drowning person, he would often hold the lifeguard’s waist tightly and put his face close to the lifeguard’s abdomen, causing Get rid of difficulties. At this time, the lifeguard should use the principle of human head posture reflex. He only needs to hold the drowning person's lower jaw with one hand, hold it close to the other side of his head with the other hand, and turn the drowning person's head with a little force with both hands. The rescuer should let go and leave the rescuer to achieve the purpose of extrication. The rescuer should approach the drowning person from behind and carry out towing.

4. How to free a lifesaver from being hugged from behind by a drowning person. First, after the lifesaving person is hugged, touch the drowning person’s fingers with your hands, find his index finger or ring finger, and grab it and push outward with force. Separate, then stretch the drowning person's hands up and down respectively, then release the hand that is extending downward, and immediately step back, and wait for the drowning person to calm down before towing.

5 Methods to free a lifesaver if a drowning person grabs the hair. If the lifesaver is caught by the hair, the lifesaver should hold down the drowning person’s hand with the same hand as the drowning person (the hand in the same position). Look for the little finger of the drowning person's hand, lower the body, and at the same time lift his hand up with one hand, and push his elbow hard with the other hand to make the drowning person turn his body and be dragged away.

14. How to save a drowning person

1 Before going into the water, you should prepare a long strip of cloth or towel that is strong and long enough, and a life buoy;

If you decide to go into the water to save People, try not to let drowning people get involved. If you encounter a drowning person head-on while swimming towards him, you must immediately use backstroke to quickly retreat;

2. Pass a cloth, towel, or lifebuoy to a place where the drowning person cannot catch it, and let the drowning person catch it. Stay on one end, grab the other end and drag the drowning person ashore;

3 Remember, do not let the drowning person grab your body or limbs. If a drowning person tries to approach you, immediately let go and swim away;

If you must use your hands to save the person and the drowning person is very confused, you should approach the drowning person from behind and hold the drowning person firmly from behind. Hold the drowning person's chin, make the drowning person face up, bring the drowning person's head close to your head, and clamp the drowning person's shoulders with your elbow;

4 Comfort the drowning person and try to make the drowning person comfortable The patient's mood is stable;

5 Use backstroke to drag the drowning person back to the shore;

6 If the drowning person is unconscious, you can grab the drowning person's chin with your hands and swim back to the shore side.

15. Safety knowledge for swimming in swimming pools

1. Do not run or chase around the pool to avoid slipping and injury.

2 Do not push people into the water at will by the pool to avoid hitting others or getting injured by hitting the edge of the pool.

3. Diving is strictly prohibited at the pool. Due to the shallow water, cervical vertebrae are often injured and paralyzed for life.

4 When playing in the water, do not press others into the water to avoid suffocation due to choking in the water.

5 When you are doing activities in the water, you should go ashore to rest if you feel chilly or are about to get cramps.

6 If you find someone drowning, immediately send out a "Someone is drowning" cry for help or call 110 for support. If you have not learned water life-saving, do not rush into the water to rescue.

7 If you find that you are not strong enough in the water and cannot swim back to the edge of the pool, you should immediately raise your hands to ask for help, or shout "Help" loudly and wait for rescue.

Safety knowledge for swimming at the beach

1. Swim in waters where lifeguards are on duty, follow instructions and do not cross the warning line.

2 When playing at the beach, do not rely on inflatable floats (such as swimming rings, floating beds, etc.) to assist swimming. If you are discouraged and have nothing to rely on*, it is easy to cause drowning.

3 Swimming in the sea is moving water, with currents and waves. It is different from swimming pools. Therefore, it requires double the endurance and physical strength to reach the same distance. Therefore, do not overestimate your swimming ability. cause misfortune.

4 It is strictly prohibited to swim alone to avoid accidents.

5 In the sea, if your skin is injured and bleeding, you should go ashore immediately.

6 When someone is drowning, you should shout loudly or call 110 to ask for help. If you have not learned water life-saving, , do not rush into the water to rescue, to avoid drowning.

7 The lifeguards at the seaside all wear yellow on top and red on the bottom. If you see the white hut on the beach and the yellow and red flagpoles next to it, you can be sure that it is a lifesaving station and the lifeguards are on duty. If the flagpole is down, it means the lifeguard is not on duty. At the same time, there are warning signs at the lifesaving station. If a red flag is planted, it is warning everyone that the sea is windy and it is not suitable for swimming in the sea.

16. Basic knowledge of swimming safety

1. Single people cannot go out swimming alone. Swimming alone without a companion is the most likely to cause problems. Students swimming should be accompanied by parents or adults, otherwise they are not allowed to go swimming.

2 People who are sick should not go swimming. Patients with chronic diseases such as otitis media and heart disease, as well as those with colds, fever, mental fatigue, and physical weakness are not allowed to swim.

3 After participating in strenuous physical labor or strenuous exercise, you should not jump into the water to swim immediately, especially if you are sweating profusely or feeling hot. Do not jump into the water immediately, otherwise it may easily cause cramps, colds or Accident.

4 Polluted rivers, reservoirs, places with rapids, the confluence of two rivers, and rivers and lakes with large drops are not suitable for swimming. Generally speaking, any rivers, lakes, mountains with unknown water conditions are not suitable for swimming. The pond and reservoir are not suitable for swimming.

5 It is not advisable to swim in bad weather such as thunderstorms, windy weather, sudden changes in weather, etc.

17. What should you pay attention to when swimming?

1 Swimming requires a physical examination. People with heart disease, high blood pressure, tuberculosis, otitis media, skin diseases, severe trachoma, and various infectious diseases should not swim. Female students who are menstruating should also not swim.

2 Choose swimming spots carefully. When swimming in rivers, lakes and seas, you must first understand the water conditions. Waters with many undercurrents, whirlpools, silt, rocks and aquatic plants are not suitable for swimming. It is also not suitable to swim in waters in areas where there are many ships and are polluted and where diseases such as schistosomiasis are prevalent.

3. Preparatory activities should be done before entering the water. You can run, do exercises, and move your body. You can also rinse your trunk and limbs with a small amount of cold water. This can help your body adapt to the water temperature as quickly as possible and avoid dizziness, palpitation, and cramps.

4 Do not swim when you are full or hungry, and after strenuous exercise or heavy labor.

5. Do not dive when the underwater conditions are unknown.

6 If you find someone drowning, do not rush into the water to rescue. You should shout loudly for adults to come to help.