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Korean War Battle of Jincheng
The Battle of Jincheng, which broke out on July 13, 1953, was the last battle of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. Below, I have compiled relevant knowledge about the Battle of Jincheng in the Korean War. I hope it can help you!
Introduction to the Battle of Jincheng
The Battle of Jincheng was the largest positional assault battle in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. The last battle. In order to promote the early realization of the armistice in Korea, the Chinese People's Volunteer Army, with the cooperation of the Korean People's Army, launched a summer offensive campaign against the United Nations forces headed by the United States in May 1953. During the first and second offensives from May 13 to June 23, the Japanese annihilated more than 45,000 United Nations troops, making the puppet defense positions west of the Bukhan River and south of Jincheng more prominent. , in a disadvantageous situation. With the Chinese and North Korean people's armies winning successively, an agreement was finally reached on the long-stalemate issue of repatriation of prisoners of war during the armistice negotiations, and the post-armistice military demarcation line between the two sides was re-amended on June 15. Just as the Korean Armistice Agreement was about to be signed, South Korea's Syngman Rhee regime, with the connivance of the United States, forcibly detained about 27,000 Korean People's Army prisoners in the name of "release on the spot" in an attempt to undermine the Korean Armistice.
In order to attack Syngman Rhee’s ruling clique, promote the early realization of the Korean armistice, and achieve a favorable situation after the armistice, the Volunteer Army, with the cooperation of the Korean People’s Army, organized the third offensive in the summer offensive campaign. . In the area south of Jincheng, the main assault was carried out on the solid defensive positions of the puppet troops, namely the Battle of Jincheng. After fierce fighting, they broke through the solid defensive positions of about 4 divisions of the South Korean Army, expanded to the south by more than 160 square kilometers, straightened the front line, and successively repelled about 8 divisions of the United Nations Army and the General Army of the South Korean Army. The size of the troops counterattacked more than 1,000 times. By July 27, the battle ended victoriously. In this battle, more than 50,000 enemies were wiped out, which effectively promoted the realization of the Korean armistice.
The process of the Battle of Jincheng
The area south of Jincheng, from Shangso-ri in the northeast of Jinhua to the confluence of the Jincheng River and the Bukhan River, is the protruding part of the "United Nations" defense line. The mountains in the northeast are high and steep, making it easy to defend but difficult to attack; the mountains in the north and northwest are lower; the southwest of Jincheng has an open terrain, making it difficult to hide. To the east of the protrusion is the Bukhan River, with a water depth of 5 meters; to the west is the Namdaecheon, located between the positions of both sides; the Jincheng River turns from the west of Jincheng to the southeast to join the Bukhan River. The water depth is usually less than 1 meter, but when the water rises during the rainy season, it can be greatly The troops cannot enter alone and become a bigger obstacle to deep battles. The puppet capital division and the 6th, 8th and 3rd divisions were responsible for the defense of this protrusion. Its basic positions generally include tunnels, semi-tunnel fortifications, a large number of light and dark firepower points, and bunker groups, which are connected by trenches and traffic trenches; 3 to 15 barbed wire fences are also set up in front of the positions, and various mines are buried in between. Reaching 150 to 300 meters, it is a relatively complete, solid ring-shaped defense system with support points. However, its deep fortifications are weak.
The Volunteer Army concentrated on the 67th, 68th, 60th, 54th, and 21st Corps of the 20th Corps and the 24th Corps of the 9th Corps to take charge of the Jincheng offensive campaign. The five armies of the 20th Corps are organized into three combat groups: West, Central and East. Except for the Eastern Group's 1 army located east of the Bukhan River, which suppressed the puppet troops facing them on the spot to prevent them from moving westward and ensured the safety of the main left wing, the other troops from Yachen-ri to the Bukhan River adopted frontal assaults and flanking encirclements. Combining tactics, the main assault was carried out towards the Lishundong area from several directions. The 1st Corps of the 9th Corps carried out auxiliary assaults from Shangso-ri and Xingting lines toward Nanshan and Xinmudong in Zhuzidong to ensure the safety of the right wing of the 20th Corps. All participating troops began to adjust their deployment in late June. In order to effectively destroy the fortified areas and ensure the smooth breakthrough of the infantry and the victory of the battle, the volunteers gathered about 1,100 artillery pieces, rushed to transport more than 700,000 rounds of various artillery shells, more than 120,000 kilograms of explosives, various river crossing equipment and sufficient food. At the same time, about 6 engineering battalions and 13 infantry regiments were used to rush to repair or widen roads within the depth of the battle. On the front line, in addition to using tunnels and secretly building troop garrison caves, in the middle of the open terrain, we also selected latent areas and secretly built roads to contact the enemy.
After full preparation, the Volunteer Army launched the Battle of Jincheng at 21:00 on July 13. The entire campaign is divided into three stages.
In the first stage, break through the defenses and capture the protruding area south of Jincheng. At 21:00 on the 13th, all units of the 20th Corps and the 24th Army of the 9th Corps, supported by more than 1,000 artillery pieces, launched a fierce assault on the opponent's defensive positions, and all of them broke through their forward positions within an hour.
After the breakthrough of Xi Group, it rapidly developed in depth. The 203rd Division on its right wing quickly annihilated 1 battalion of the garrison at Highland 522.1, followed by the 203rd Division. The main force of the division launched an attack in the direction of Fangtongli. The division's infiltration and roundabout detachment attacked the headquarters of the 1st Regiment (White Tiger Regiment) of the Puppet Capital Division at 2:00 on the 14th, which played a major role in the division's rapid completion of the first step of its mission. Afterwards, the roundabout detachment took advantage of the darkness to intercept the fleeing puppet troops, and annihilated most of the US 555th Howitzer Battalion and most of the 2nd Battalion of the Mecha Regiment of the Puppet Capital Division. By 6:00 on the 14th, the division occupied the area north of the front line of Fangtong-ri, Isil-dong, Bukjeong Ridge, and Hajeonhyeon. After the 204th Division on the left wing broke through, it quickly annihilated 1 battalion of the garrison at Highland 552.8, and arrived at the foot of Yuefeng Mountain at 4:30 on the 14th. After the first part of the 130th Division captured Highland 424.2, it delayed its attack on Fengshan Mountain because it failed to clear out the defenders in the tunnel.
After the Central Group broke through, the 199th Division on the left suffered from stubborn resistance and made slow progress. The 200th Division on the right annihilated 1 battalion of the garrison in the southwestern highlands of Guandaili at 23:00 and then developed in depth. At 6 o'clock on the same day, they occupied Longyuanli and Dongshanli, splitting the defense of the 6th Puppet Division, and threatening the rear of the puppet defenders at Jiaoyan Mountain and Fengshan Mountain. Due to lack of preparation time, the East Group (two armies and another regiment) attacked on a narrow front and attacked across the ridge. After the breakthrough, it developed slowly. At 6:00 on the 14th, it only occupied the line from Yewen-ri to the 472.3 Highlands west of the Bukhan River, and failed to Rapidly advance to Sehyeon-ri and control the Jincheng-Hwacheon Highway.
At 0:00 on the 14th, the 24th Army of the 9th Corps annihilated 2 battalions, 4 companies and most of another battalion of Zhuzidong Nanshan and Xingting Xishan garrison, and then moved towards Qiao Tianli. , 432.8 Highlands develop offense. By dawn on the 14th, the Volunteer Army broke through the basic positions of the Puppet Capital Division and the left wing of the Puppet 6th Division in the western and middle sections of the offensive front. In order to expand the results, the 20th Corps attacked Wolbong Mountain with the west group; the middle group quickly captured Jiaoyan Mountain; and the east group quickly occupied 585.2 Highland and Xihyeon-ri. The 200th Division of the Central Group advanced southward. At 8:00, it crossed the Jinchengchuan River from Yongyeon-ri and Dongshan-ri, and occupied Lichuan-dong at 18:00. The 199th Division occupied Jiaoyan Mountain at 10:25 and annihilated most of the defenders. The East Group occupied Highland 585.2 at 12:00. At 17:00, one group crossed the Jincheng River westward and met with the Central Group in Lichuan-dong, and the other group captured Highland 461.9. The Western Group occupied Fengshan Mountain and Yuefeng Mountain successively at 17:40. The 24th Army of the 9th Corps occupied Highland 432.8 and the area north of Yanggu at 13:30, and controlled the highway between Shangjiujing and Xiajiujing. At this point, the 20th Corps, in cooperation with the First Division of the 9th Corps, after 21 hours of fierce fighting, occupied the defensive zones of more than 3 puppet divisions, annihilated more than 14,000 puppet US troops, straightened the front line south of Jincheng, and completed the battle Phase one mission.
In the second stage, the main force of the Volunteer Army turned to defense, and one part moved deeper into the opponent's defense to expand the results. At 17:00 on the 14th, in view of the smooth development of the first step of the campaign, the head of the Volunteer Army ordered the 20th Corps to control the current occupation line with its main force in order to implement the guiding principle of "steady and steady attack" and consolidate the acquired positions, in order to prepare to crush the enemy's counterattack and use some powerful force to The detachments took advantage of the enemy's chaos and developed southward. The East Group crossed the Jincheng River south with two regiments of the second echelon, the 180th Division, and rapidly developed southward. By the 16th, they successively occupied the front-line positions from Heiyuntuling, Baiyan Mountain to the North Han River, and advanced about 8 kilometers southward, posing a serious threat to the Jincheng-Hwachuan Highway, the north-south transportation trunk line of the Puppet Second Army's defense zone. The Central Group continued its offensive with one regiment and another battalion of the 135th Division. On the morning of the 15th, they occupied the unnamed high ground south of the 602.2 highland and Houdongli. After repelling the counterattack of part of the puppet army, the Western Group and the 24th Army of the 9th Corps also pushed their positions to the north side of Xinmokdong, Beitingling, and Jianzhenhyeon roads.
On the 16th, the 24th Army of the 9th Corps captured 537.7 Highlands north of Jinhua, Gedong Beishan and 597.9 Highlands. At this time, in view of the fact that the offensive mission of the 20th Corps had been completed, it had rained for days, the river water had not fallen, all the bridges on the Jincheng River had been blown up by enemy planes, and the enemy was gathering troops to prepare for a large-scale counterattack, etc., they stopped the second phase of the battle. offensive operations.
In the third stage, resolutely resist the counterattack of the "United Nations" and consolidate the acquired positions. The development of the Volunteer Army's offensive campaign south of Jincheng is extremely detrimental to the United Nations Army. Clark, commander-in-chief of the invading Korean army, and Taylor, commander of the U.S. 8th Army, flew to the front line and held a meeting of senior military officers, vowing to launch the largest counterattack and regain the lost ground. On the same day, they gathered the remnants of 4 puppet army divisions, the 3rd US Army Division and 3 puppet army divisions, and launched an all-out counterattack. On the 17th, the U.S. and puppet troops concentrated forces from six regiments. With the support of more than 100 aircraft and a large number of artillery, they launched a fierce attack on the Volunteer Army's East Group from Heiyuntuling and Baiyan Mountain to the 867 Highlands. The Eastern Group fought fiercely with them, annihilating more than 3,000 of their men, and only lost 867 highlands. The Western Group and the 24th Army of the 9th Corps also repelled the counterattack of 1 regiment and 1 battalion of the US and puppet troops. On the 18th, the focus of the counterattack of the US and puppet forces turned to the frontline positions of 602.2 Highland and Julishi Beishan in front of the Central Group. They successively deployed 1 to 3 regiments of troops. Under the cover of more than 480 aircraft, more than 30 tanks and a large number of artillery, Make a continuous onslaught. All units of the China Group defended tenaciously and their positions remained intact. On the front of the East Group, the U.S. and puppet troops counterattacked with a battalion or less force in an attempt to seize Highland 461.9, but failed. In front of the Western Group and the 24th Army of the 9th Corps, the two sides had only minor contact. As of July 27, various groups had repelled more than 1,000 counterattacks by the US and puppet troops. The US and puppet troops paid a huge price and only occupied one position in Beishan, Julishi. On the 27th, the armistice agreement was signed and the Battle of Jincheng ended successfully.
Result of the Battle of Jincheng
As of July 27, the 20th Corps of the Volunteer Army had basically annihilated the South Korean Capital Division and dealt a devastating blow to the other three divisions, completely annihilating the enemy. 52,783 people, including 2,836 enemy prisoners, shot down 85 enemy aircraft, captured one aircraft, 34 tanks, 231 cars, 245 various artillery pieces and a large amount of ammunition and other trophies.
Through this last battle in the war to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea, the Volunteer Army advanced 192.6 kilometers and dealt a fatal blow to the South Korean army. This battle lasted 15 days. The 20th Corps of the Volunteer Army quickly broke through the 25-kilometer-wide solid position defended by the four divisions of the South Korean Army, expanded the position southward by more than 140 square kilometers, straightened the front, and killed and wounded more than 52,000 enemy soldiers. , effectively promoted the realization of the Korean armistice. During the battle, the 20th Corps suffered more than 23,000 casualties.
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