What are the emergency escape skills, refuge measures and first aid measures for earthquakes?

Preparing in advance can reduce the impact of the earthquake. Make some appropriate emergency reserves and tell your family what to do when and after the disaster.

When a disaster happens, you are likely to get no help for 72 hours. So, at least learn how to survive these 72 hours.

Generally speaking, the ground movement in an earthquake will not cause direct casualties. Most casualties are caused by building collapse and secondary disasters.

Daily preparation from fine to fine.

material reserves

Prepare emergency items for emergencies.

1. water

Everyone should reserve at least 3.8 liters of water every day, and keep it for 72 hours at a time according to this standard. Under normal circumstances, an active normal person needs to consume 1.9 liters of light drinking water every day. In order to ensure sufficient quantity, the following factors should be considered:

(1) Personal needs vary with age, physique, activities, diet, climate, etc.

(2) Children, lactating women and patients need more water;

(3) High temperature weather will double the water demand;

(4) Medical emergency needs more water.

I suggest you buy some bottled water. Pay attention to the shelf life.

If you plan to fill your container with water, you should buy sealed water containers for storing food from military supplies or camping supplies stores. Before filling water, clean the container with special detergent and water for tableware, and then rinse with water to avoid detergent residue. The water in the container must be changed regularly. Besides water, you also need some pills for purification, such as Halazon and Globaline, but before using these pills, you must read the label on the bottle. Please consult a professional or medical staff for the use of the above drugs!

2. food

Prepare canned food or dehydrated food, milk powder and juice for 72 hours. Dry grains, fruits and salt-free dried fruits are good sources of nutrition.

Please note the following points:

(1) Don't choose foods that make you thirsty. Choose salt-free biscuits, whole wheat cereals and canned foods rich in liquid.

(2) Store only foods that do not need refrigeration, cooking or special treatment. There are many similar foods to choose from.

(3) Don't forget the food including babies and people with special dietary needs. You should also prepare some kitchen utensils and cookers, especially manual can openers.

3. Emergency lights and spare batteries

Put an emergency light beside your bed, in your office and in your car. Don't use matches or candles after an earthquake unless you are sure that there is no gas leak.

4. Portable radios, etc

Most telephones will be out of service or can only be used for emergencies, so the radio will be your best source of information. If possible, you should also prepare a battery-powered radio.

5. First aid kit and first aid manual

Prepare a first aid kit at home and in the car, and prepare a standard first aid and personal safety manual or a similar manual made by the Red Cross Society of China. Let family members learn some basic first aid and artificial respiration courses.

6. Fire extinguisher

Equip your home and car with fire extinguishers. Some fire extinguishers are only suitable for specific fire sources-fires caused by electricity, fires caused by grease or fires caused by gas. ABC (Multipurpose Dry Powder) fire extinguisher can be safely used for any kind of fire source. The local fire department can teach you how to use the fire extinguisher correctly.

7. Special supplies

Prepare necessary special items, such as medicines, spare glasses, contact lens care solution, hearing aid batteries, baby products (baby food, diapers, bottles, pacifiers), sanitary products (small wet wipes, toilet paper) and other items needed by family members.

8. Important documents and cash

Ensure that there is enough cash available when ATMs, banks and credit card systems are down. At the same time, keep copies of credit certificate, ID card and some important documents, such as passbook, insurance policy and financial records.

9. Tools

Besides preparing a pipe wrench and a adjustable wrench (for closing the air valve and water pipe), you should also prepare a lighter, a box of matches in a waterproof case and a whistle for calling rescuers.

10. clothes

If the weather in your area is cold, you must consider keeping warm. You may not be able to keep warm after the earthquake, so consider warm clothes and sleeping supplies. Make sure everyone has a complete set of clothes and shoes, including jackets or coats, trousers, long-sleeved shirts, sturdy shoes, hats, gloves and scarves, sleeping bags or warm blankets (one for each person).

1 1. Pet products

Find a safe place for your pet, prepare some necessities, ensure that your pet has accurate identification and the latest veterinary registration, and prepare a pet cage and a belt.

Earthquake preparedness

When an earthquake occurs, you should turn off the water and electricity facilities in your home to reduce the disaster risk. Usually, we should teach family members who can take responsibility how to turn off gas valves, electrical switches and water valves. If you need more information about hydropower equipment, please consult the local electricity, water and gas departments.

Please ensure that:

(1) Cut the fuse or trip;

(2) close the gas valve;

(3) Close the tap water valve.

Hidden danger investigation

You can find the hidden dangers that may appear in the earthquake by conducting "earthquake hidden danger investigation" at home. What you need to do is to patrol your room, imagine what will happen in the room during the earthquake, use your common sense to make predictions and find out hidden dangers.

Some possible hidden dangers are:

(1) Tall and heavy furniture that may collapse in the earthquake, such as bookshelves, cabinets or customized combined cabinets, should be fixed;

(2) Water heaters that may be separated from the pipeline and broken;

(3) Items that may move or tear gas pipelines or wires;

(4) Heavy potted plants hanging in high places may be unhooked and fall off;

(5) The heavy photo frame or mirror hanging on the bed may fall down in the earthquake;

(6) When the cabinet or other cabinets shake violently, the latch of the cabinet may loosen and open;

(7) Fragile articles or heavy objects placed on open storage shelves may fall and break;

(8) Stone chimneys may crush unsupported roofs and collapse;

(9) Flammable liquids, such as paint and detergent, should be stored in the garage or outdoor storage room (not indoors).

Please try to eliminate these hidden dangers one by one, properly place all kinds of heavy objects, and move inappropriate ones.

Earthquake prevention exercise

When you find the house shaking, it is very important to know where to hide in the first place. If you prepare and practice before the earthquake, when you feel the earthquake, you and your family can make a timely and correct response at the first time. Earthquake drills can let every family member know how to deal with earthquakes.

Every family member should know the safe and dangerous location of each room:

(1) Safe place: The best safe place is under or beside solid furniture, such as desks or other hard tables; Under the supported riding building, it is also safer near the internal load-bearing wall;

(2) Dangerous places: windows, hanging objects, mirrors, fireplaces, and unfixed furniture edges at high places.

It is especially important for children to consolidate this knowledge by experiencing how to settle in a safe place.

Conduct emergency drills within a few days or weeks after the above drills to consolidate knowledge.

Prepare for the disaster after the earthquake.

Shock absorber, escape, calm response

How to survive the earthquake safely

When the earthquake continues, limit your activities to a few steps around a safe place, and then leave the room after the shaking stops and it is safe.

1. If you are indoors.

Squat down, seek cover and hold on-use the space under a desk, table or bench, or lean against an internal load-bearing wall as a cover, and then hold on to a fixed object with both hands. If there is no desk or table nearby, cover your head and face with your arms and crouch in the corner of the room.

Stay away from glass products, building external walls, doors and windows and other objects that may fall, such as lamps and furniture.

If you were in bed when the earthquake happened, please stay there. Hold the pillow tightly and protect your head. If there are heavy lamps above you that may fall, please move to the nearest safe area.

Don't leave the room until the shaking stops and the outdoor safety is confirmed. Most of the casualties in the earthquake were caused by falling objects when people entered and exited the building.

Pay attention to the possibility of power failure, fire alarm and automatic sprinkler may start.

Never use the elevator to escape.

2. If you are outdoors

Stay where you are.

Stay away from building areas, trees, street lamps and wires and cables.

3. If you are in a moving car.

Pull over and stay in the car as soon as possible while ensuring safety.

Don't park your car under buildings, trees, overpasses or wires and cables.

Don't try to cross the damaged bridge.

After the earthquake stops, move forward carefully and pay attention to the damage of roads and bridges.

4. If you are trapped under the ruins.

Don't light a match.

Don't walk, lest you raise dust.

Cover your mouth with a handkerchief or cloth.

Knock on pipes or walls so that rescuers can find you. Please use a whistle if possible. When all else fails, choose to shout-because shouting may cause people to inhale a lot of harmful dust and consume physical strength.

Matters needing attention after the earthquake

1. Check the injury.

If someone stops breathing, give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; If there is bleeding trauma, immediately directly compress the wound to stop bleeding; Do not move the seriously injured unless there is an urgent danger of expanding the injury; Wrap the wounded in a blanket to keep warm.

Carry a dry battery-powered radio with you to get the latest rescue news and news reports.

People who live by the sea should be alert to the possible tsunami. Tsunamis are waves caused by earthquakes. If the local government has issued a tsunami warning, it is necessary to realize that dangerous waves are approaching and then evacuate to the inland highlands as soon as possible.

Don't use the telephone unless you are seriously injured.

Be sure to wear shoes when there are falling debris and glass slag nearby.

Check for hidden dangers

Put out the flames as much as possible. If the fire can't be put out, leave home quickly, notify the fire brigade as much as possible and remind the neighbors.

Check the house with a flashlight powered by dry batteries. Turn on the flashlight before entering the house, because if there is a gas leak in the house, turning on the flashlight may cause sparks. Check gas pipes, wires and water pipes, and check the damage of electrical appliances. If you smell gas or see a broken pipe, close the main valve of the gas pipe that enters the house from the outside. Don't turn on the switch until the power supply bureau comes to your house for safety inspection.

Remember: after the gas gate is closed, it must be reopened by professionals. Don't light matches to find a gas leak.

Note: If you suspect that the gas pipeline is leaking, don't toggle the power switch or use electrical appliances, because sparks will ignite the leaking gas.

If the wire at home is broken, cut off the power supply. If the situation is unsafe, leave the house for help.

Do not touch dropped wires or damaged electrical appliances.

Check buildings for cracks and damage, especially around chimneys and brick walls. If the building shows signs of collapse, evacuate quickly. Don't use the fireplace unless you are sure that the chimney is not damaged or broken.

Remove spilled drugs, bleach, gasoline and other flammable and explosive liquids.

Check the water pipes and sewer pipes before going to the toilet to ensure that they are intact.

Block the drain of bathtub and sink to prevent sewage from flowing backwards.

Check the water and food supply. If the water source is cut off, you can use the water in the water heater or melt the edible ice for emergency. Throw away all food that may go bad or be contaminated.

Check closets and cupboards, and be careful when opening doors. Pay attention to avoid items that may fall off the shelf.

In an emergency, if you need to cook, you can only use charcoal and gas barbecue grills outdoors.

Don't drive unless there is an emergency. Don't cross the disaster area to watch the excitement, it will only hinder the rescue operation. In order to make the rescue vehicles unimpeded, the streets should be kept clear. Beware of aftershocks. Although aftershocks are generally weaker than the main earthquake, they are enough to cause further damage and make buildings more fragile. Please stay away from the damaged area unless the police, fire brigade or rescue organization ask you for help.

Appendix Important Telephone Numbers and Contact Addresses

You and your family may be separated in the earthquake, so please write down important information in the space below so that you can contact each other after separation. Remember, within 24 hours after the earthquake, please don't call unless it's an emergency.

Work address:

Telephone/mobile phone:

Work address:

Telephone/mobile phone:

School address:

Telephone/mobile phone:

The school takes measures: let students stay in school and evacuate students.

School address:

Telephone/mobile phone:

The school takes measures: let students stay in school and evacuate students.

Names and telephone/mobile phone numbers of foreign relatives:

Emergency materials storage location: