Nord distinguishes between two types of translation.

Nord distinguishes between two types of translation: document translation and tool translation.

Based on this, Nord believes that there are two basic types of translation process. One is documentary translation, the purpose of which is to create a kind of communication and interaction in the target language. In this communicative interaction, the creator of the source text can communicate with its audience through the source text, that is, documentary translation refers to the text with metatext function, that is, describing the text or any aspect thereof, rather than translating the text.

The second is tool translation, which aims to create a new tool for communication and interaction in the target language, and to communicate between the creator of the source text and the audience of the target culture, that is, to try to achieve text translation with the same function as the original text.

A brief introduction to House's typology of translation;

Julianne House, a contemporary American translator, divides translation into implicit translation and over-translation. Invisible translation refers to the translation in which the target text has the same status as the source text in the target culture, with the aim of making the source text functionally equivalent in the target language. The source text of invisible translation is not closely related to the source culture, nor is it aimed at some specific readers of the source culture.

Therefore, to some extent, invisible translation is not the translation of the source language text, but a re-creation. Typical texts include business plans, scientific and technological texts, travel manuals, etc. Explicit translation emphasizes explicit translation, not the second source text. She pointed out that when the source text is closely related to the source culture and exists independently in the source culture, explicit translation is needed. Typical texts include speeches and literary texts.