How to enhance the awareness of township people’s congress representatives and improve their ability to perform their duties

Proposing bills and suggestions to the People's Congress at the same level in accordance with the law is an important task for representatives to perform their duties and represent the people's interests and will to participate in the management of state affairs. It is an important task to concentrate the people's wisdom, reflect public opinion, and achieve The main channel for people to be the masters of the country. How to improve the quality of deputies’ motions and suggestions requires joint thinking by NPC deputies and NPC workers. Next, let’s discuss and learn with everyone about what motions and suggestions are, why motions and suggestions should be made, and how to improve the quality of motions and suggestions.

1. What are representatives’ motions and suggestions

(1) About the concept and content of motions

The so-called motion, “discussion” means discussion and discussion , "case" is an opinion, method, or measure to solve a certain problem. Representative bills refer to original proposals that are submitted to the People's Congress at the same level for deliberation by the legal representatives of the People's Congress and statutory organs in accordance with legal procedures. They are within the scope of the powers of the People's Congress and its Standing Committee at the same level and require a decision.

1. The main characteristics of representatives’ bills

First, they are political. Deputies to people's congresses at all levels are elected by the people and are people trusted by the people. The bills proposed by the representatives concretely reflect the opinions and demands of the people and serve the fundamental interests of the people, so they have a distinct political nature.

The second is democracy. Bills are the product of democratic politics and fully reflect the concentrated will of the people. Representatives participating in proposing bills must conduct research and discussions and propose bills based on the principle of the minority obeying the majority. When representatives jointly propose a motion, the leading representative shall provide the text of the motion to the representatives participating in the joint seconding motion. The seconders shall carefully review and agree before signing and seconding the motion. It must be reviewed and approved by more than half of the members of the Bill Review Committee and voted on at the plenary session, and can only be established with more than half of the votes in favor.

The third is authority. Proposing bills is a right granted to representatives by law and is a concentrated expression of their power to manage state affairs. After the bill is reviewed and passed through legal procedures, it will have certain legal force and binding force. Relevant departments, units and individuals must abide by and implement it. Therefore, it has the authority prescribed by law.

2. Basic elements and procedures for representative motions

First, a quorum must be reached to propose a motion. According to the relevant provisions of the Constitution and the Organic Law, deputies to the National People's Congress can propose proposals only when a quorum is reached. During the meetings of the local congresses at or above the county level, more than 10 deputies jointly have the right to propose proposals to the people's congress at the same level that fall within the powers of the people's congress at that level; during the meetings of the township-level congress, more than 5 township-level deputies jointly sign, Have the right to propose proposals that fall within the powers of the people's congress at the same level.

Second, proposals must be submitted within the prescribed time. Since the meetings of the People's Congresses at all levels in our country are relatively short, in order to process bills in a timely manner, the presidium of the meeting has set deadlines for deputies to submit bills. Representative motions must be submitted within the time specified by the presidium.

Third, the content of the bill must be within the scope of powers of the People’s Congress at the same level and need to be handled by the People’s Congress. The scope and content of bills proposed by deputies to local people's congresses at all levels are mainly: (1) Matters concerning the implementation of the constitution, laws, regulations and resolutions of the superior people's congress within their respective administrative regions. (2) Regarding the national economic and social development plans and fiscal budget matters within this administrative region. (3) Regarding major matters such as politics, economy, education, science, culture, health, environment and resource protection, civil affairs, and ethnic groups within the administrative region. (4) Suggestions on formulating and revising local regulations. (5) Important suggestions on strengthening and improving the construction of state organs at the same level. (6) Matters regarding the removal of personnel elected by the People’s Congress at the same level and personnel appointed by the Standing Committee of the People’s Congress at the same level. Once the bill is reviewed and approved by the general meeting, it will become legally binding.

According to the provisions of the local organic law on the powers of the county-level people’s congress and its standing committee, the scope of county-level people’s congress deputies’ bills does not include the following aspects: (1) National, provincial and municipal people’s congresses and their standing committees and matters within the powers of the State Council, provincial and municipal people's governments; (2) local affairs that should be handled by the township (subdistrict) people's congress and the township (subdistrict) people's government; (3) the judicial power of the people's courts and people's procuratorates, Matters within the scope of procuratorial power; (4) Affairs of political parties, social groups, enterprises, institutions, organizations and individuals; (5) Other matters that are not within the scope of authority of the People’s Congress and its Standing Committee.

Fourth, the formal requirements for representatives’ motions. The Representation Law stipulates that a proposal proposed by a representative must have a cause of action, evidence and plan. The cause of action, the reason for proposing a motion, should be concise, specific and clear, including the necessity, importance and urgency of the proposed motion. The case evidence is the basic basis for the proposed motion. The case evidence can be an analysis of the problem, an elaboration of the facts, or a summary of the subjective and objective conditions, and must have specific content. Plan, the answer to the question, that is, the basic idea and practical method to solve the problem.

Fifth, the procedure for handling representatives’ motions. ① File a case and submit it. The presidium decides whether to include a bill jointly proposed by a delegation or representatives on the conference agenda; the presidium may have the following handling methods: first, decide to include it on the conference agenda; second, submit it to the relevant special committee for review and decide whether to include it on the conference agenda; third, If it is not included in the agenda of the conference, it will be submitted to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for review; fourth, if it does not fall within the scope of the motion, it will be treated as representatives' suggestions, criticisms and opinions. ②Representative deliberation. It refers to the deliberation work carried out by the deputies before voting on the motions put on the agenda by the presidium of the conference. Delegates can express their own views on the contents of the motions and modify them after discussion to make the contents of the motions more complete. ③Representative voting. Refers to the proposal submitted to the general meeting for voting after deliberation by the representatives. In order to maintain the seriousness of the motion and make it binding, a draft motion resolution must be proposed and submitted to the Congress for approval. If more than half of all representatives agree, the resolution is passed and the motion is established. If more than half of all representatives oppose or abstain from voting, the motion will not stand.

Sixth, the withdrawal of the representative motion. According to the provisions of the Representation Law, after a representative proposes a motion, if the proposer requests to withdraw it, he may withdraw it at any time. However, if the proposer requests to withdraw a bill included in the agenda of the meeting before it is put to vote, the proposal must be approved by the presidium. Requests to withdraw a motion should be made in writing. Once a bill is put to a vote, the proposer has no right to withdraw it.

Seventh, the procedure for handling the representative motion. Once the bill is reviewed and approved by the conference, it will be transferred to the handling process. The relevant special committees or the offices and working bodies of the National People's Congress Standing Committee will contact the relevant government departments to negotiate and assign opinions, and instruct the relevant departments to handle it. After the relevant departments handle it, it will be submitted to the relevant special committee for review. The relevant special committee will report the review results to the Standing Committee meeting of the National People's Congress. After the Standing Committee meeting passes the review, the results of the bill will be reported in writing to all deputies at the next meeting of the National People's Congress.

(2) Suggestions from deputies

Suggestions, criticisms and opinions from deputies to the National People’s Congress are submitted to the People’s Congress or the Standing Committee of the People’s Congress at the same level in accordance with the law and belong to the People’s Congress at the same level and “ A general term for the views, suggestions, ideas, criticisms and opinions on all aspects of work that are studied and resolved by "one government and two chambers". Often referred to as "representative advice."

1. Characteristics of representative suggestions

The right of representative suggestions is not limited by time or number of people. It has a wide range of contents and can be exercised by representatives during the People's Congress, as well as between sessions. It has a wide scope, including all aspects of the work of state agencies, involving national politics, economy, education, science, culture, health, environment and resource protection, and all aspects of the nation, as well as the party, government, military, civilians, industry, agriculture, and commerce. , study and other walks of life. Suggestions can be about major issues or specific matters. Suggestions made during the sessions of the People's Congress are made to the Congress; suggestions made between sessions are made to the Standing Committee of the People's Congress. Making suggestions is an important task for representatives to perform their duties and participate in the management of national affairs, economic and cultural undertakings, and social affairs. It is the legal responsibility of relevant agencies and organizations to carefully study and handle the representatives' suggestions and be responsible for responding.

2. Basic requirements and precautions for deputies’ suggestions

(1) ① Submit to the people’s congress at the same level and its standing committee; ② The content should belong to the people’s congress at the same level and the “first government” "Two houses" to study and solve problems; ③ should be put forward in writing; ④ one issue, one discussion, that is, a suggestion only talks about one issue or one content, with circumstances, analysis, and specific opinions; ⑤ It has a title and specific content, that is, it The reported problems and requirements should be written clearly and concisely; ⑥ Use the uniformly printed special paper for representative suggestions, including the first page, attachments, and signature attachments; ⑦ Write neatly and clearly, especially the name, representative ID number, and postal address. Code and detailed mailing address, and signature; ⑧ Suggestions put forward by representatives can be withdrawn at any time.

(2) The following situations should not be put forward as suggestions: ① Involving solving personal problems of the representative and his relatives; ② Relaying letters from the people; ③ Belonging to academic discussions and product promotions; ④ Without actual content ;⑤Others that are inappropriate to be made as representative suggestions;⑥Representatives should recuse themselves from specific cases involving individuals and relatives, let alone be made as representative suggestions.

(3) Procedures for handling suggestions from deputies to the National People's Congress: ① Suggestions from deputies put forward during the congress meeting will be accepted by the secretariat of the congress. The Personnel Committee of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress will sort out the suggestions from deputies and submit them to the Bill Review Committee. To decide whether to include it on the agenda, the county people's government and relevant agencies will establish a hosting plan in a timely manner, study and convene an assignment meeting, and organize specific implementation together with relevant parties; ② Representative suggestions put forward during the intersession of the Congress will be accepted by the office of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. and handle them in a timely manner; ③ Suggestions on various aspects of work put forward by deputies to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, courts, procuratorates and their party-mass systems shall be handed over by the office of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress to relevant agencies and organizations for study and handling and responsible for replying; ④ deputies submit suggestions to Suggestions on various aspects of work put forward by the People's Government shall be handed over by the office of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress to the Office of the People's Government and relevant departments for study, handling and reply; ⑤ The agencies and organizations responsible for handling the representatives' suggestions shall respond to the representatives in writing within 3 months. With the approval of the assigning agency, the reply can be extended to 6 months. If the representative is not satisfied with the reply, he or she can put forward opinions, and the original handling agency and organization will re-process and reply to the representative within 2 months from the date of assignment; ⑥ National People's Congress Standing Committee The Personnel Committee takes the initiative to contact the sponsoring unit and relevant representatives to understand and supervise the handling work suggested by the representatives. The relevant sponsoring units should strengthen the implementation inspection of the handling work and continuously improve the quality of handling.

(3) The difference between bills and suggestions

1. ***Same points

Both representatives’ bills and representatives’ suggestions are directly and effectively entrusted by the people to realize their demands. The ways in which deputies perform their duties are specific ways in which deputies perform their duties; the right to make proposals and the right to make suggestions are the basic rights granted by law to deputies to people's congresses at all levels to perform their duties; deputies to deputies to people's congresses at all levels put forward proposals and suggestions in accordance with the law to perform their duties as deputies and are representatives The participation of the people's interests and will in the management of state affairs and the exercise of state power are important ways and effective concrete manifestations of exercising representative powers, performing representative duties, and playing a representative role.

2. Differences

(1) The legal entities are different. Although both representative motions and representative suggestions are proposed by representatives, the subjects stipulated by law are different. Representative motions have a quorum limit, while representative suggestions do not have a quorum. The quorum for representative motions is: more than 30 deputies to the National People's Congress, More than 10 deputies to the local people's congresses at or above the county level and more than 5 deputies to the township people's congress can jointly propose a proposal. There is no quorum requirement for deputies' proposals. Deputies to the people's congresses at all levels can make suggestions individually or jointly.

(2) The time requirements are different. Representative proposals must be submitted during the meeting of the People’s Congress at the same level, and each meeting has a clear deadline requirement; while representatives’ suggestions have no time limit and can be submitted whether during the meeting of the People’s Congress at the same level or between sessions. Representative suggestions.

(3) The acceptance agencies and processing methods are different. The statutory acceptance authority for deputies’ proposals is only the People’s Congress at the same level, and its standing organ, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, is not the statutory acceptance authority; while the statutory acceptance authority for deputies’ proposals is the People’s Congress at the same level and its Standing Committee, during the meeting of the People’s Congress at the same level It can be submitted to the People's Congress at the same level, and it can also be submitted to the Standing Committee of the People's Congress at the same level during the inter-sessional period; in terms of handling methods, the bill has a complete set of legal procedures, and the recommendations are directly handed over by the office of the Standing Committee of the People's Congress to the relevant agencies and organizations for research and processing. That's it.

(4) The content range is different. The content of deputies' proposals should be something that can be resolved within the powers of the people's congress at the corresponding level, otherwise it cannot be completed; deputies' suggestions are broad in content and have no scope limit.

(5) The processing requirements are different. Once a representative motion is established, the relevant agencies and organizations must carefully study and handle it, and complete the process within a time limit. Generally, it must be done that year and the handling situation must be reported to all representatives at the People's Congress in the coming year. This is usually done before the next regular meeting of the People's Congress. It will be completed and the results will be reported at the next regular meeting of the National People's Congress; the representatives' suggestions cover a wide range of contents, some suggestions can be solved by relevant agencies and organizations through efforts, some suggestions are difficult to solve for the time being, and some suggestions are even matters that are not within the scope of authority, so the law only The principle stipulates that relevant agencies and organizations will study and handle the matter and be responsible for responding. Generally, if the conditions are mature, it must be handled that year. If the conditions are not yet mature, it will be handled year by year according to the mature conditions. However, a clear answer must be given to the representative so that the representative can understand.

(6) plays different roles. After the deputies' motion is completed, it marks the beginning of major decision-making by the state power organs. Reviewing and voting on resolutions is one of the important ways for people's congresses at all levels to exercise their powers; deputies' suggestions are individual actions, and relevant agencies and organizations are responsible for studying, processing and responding to them. The process of mutual communication between representatives and relevant agencies and organizations.

(7) The writing requirements are different. As mentioned before, the law stipulates that representatives’ proposals should be composed of the cause of the case, evidence and plans. The law does not clearly provide for the writing method of representatives’ suggestions. The writing method can be more flexible, but the problem to be solved must be written clearly, why it should be solved, and the reasons for the solution. What are the benefits of this question etc.

2. Why should representatives propose motions and suggestions

Representatives’ motions and suggestions are the sacred rights granted by the law to representatives, which reflect the fundamental interests of the people and are important for promoting “one government”. "Two Houses" work and plays an important role in accelerating economic and social development. Improving the mechanism for people's congress deputies to submit proposals and suggestions is an urgent need for the current construction of democratic politics. The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that it is necessary to thoroughly implement the scientific outlook on development, unswervingly develop socialist democratic politics, and promote the sound and rapid development of the national economy. An important goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. At present, an urgent requirement to strengthen the construction of socialist democratic politics and fully exercise the people's right to be the masters of the country is to further improve the mechanism for deputies to submit proposals and suggestions, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of deputies to the National People's Congress to participate in the management of national affairs, and let them contain Their creativity can be fully unleashed and their inner wishes can be fully expressed. Only in this way can we promote the coordinated development of the three civilizations and ensure the comprehensive realization of the goals of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and socialist modernization.

The People's Congress system has strong vitality and superiority, in terms of its specific embodiment, the degree to which the People's Congress plays a role, the degree to which the people's will is represented, and the degree to which the People's Congress effectively supervises other state organs. , is directly related to the extent to which the National People's Congress representatives play their role. One of the external manifestations of the role of deputies to the National People's Congress is to submit bills and suggestions. The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress transforms the voices of the people into reality by urging the "one government and two houses" to process and implement bills and recommendations. It can be seen that a direct factor affecting the role of representatives is the quality of the proposals and suggestions submitted by representatives. Therefore, improving the quality of proposals and suggestions is the necessary condition and foundation for giving full play to the role of representatives. Deputies to the National People's Congress submit the wishes of the people to the National People's Congress in the form of bills and suggestions. This is both the right and the obligation of the deputies. The key to whether representatives exercise their rights fully and fulfill their obligations is whether they can submit high-quality proposals and suggestions. If the number of bills and suggestions is small and the quality is poor, it will be difficult for deputies to the National People's Congress to truly play the role of being the masters of the country, speaking for the people, and doing things for the people. In other words, without high-quality proposals and suggestions as a basis, realizing that the people are the masters of the country is an empty talk, and the superiority of the People's Congress system will also be weakened. Therefore, in order to give full play to the role of deputies to the National People's Congress, we must start by improving the quality and ability of deputies, and do a good job in the basic work of improving the quality of bills and suggestions.

3. How to improve the quality of representatives’ motions and suggestions

From the perspective of representatives, the fundamental purpose of the quality standards of motions and suggestions is to reflect the demands of public opinion and promote “one government, two chambers” Work.

Therefore, only when bills and suggestions are in the same direction as the central work of the Party Committee, in line with the focus of supervision of the National People's Congress, in concert with the work of the government, and in line with the wishes of the people, can they be targeted and be high-quality bills and suggestions.

(1) Study seriously. We must conscientiously study the party's line, principles, and policies, and conscientiously study the "Constitution", "Organization Law", "Representative Law" and other relevant laws and regulations, as well as relevant policies formulated by our county. This is some basic knowledge that National People's Congress deputies should master, and it is also A strong basis for proposing motions and suggestions. Only when representatives have a deep understanding of our country's fundamental system, the basic rights and obligations of citizens, and a deep understanding of the lofty status and important role of the Constitution in national political and social life can we ensure its implementation throughout society. Deputies can only accurately understand the system of the People's Congress, understand the nature, status and role of the People's Congress, be familiar with and master the procedures and methods of the work of the People's Congress, and deeply understand that the duties performed by the deputies of the People's Congress are not ordinary duties, but political duties and national duties. Only by strengthening the awareness of responsibility and strengthening the performance of duties in accordance with the law can we consciously play our representative role. Good proposals and suggestions not only need to raise questions, but also provide targeted solutions. Therefore, it is not enough for representatives to be enthusiastic about making suggestions. They must also have a relatively rich knowledge reserve, certain social activity abilities, strong communication skills, keen social observation skills and strong analytical and judgment skills. This requires that representatives must establish the concept of lifelong learning and develop the habit of diligent learning and diligent thinking. It is necessary to explore all aspects of knowledge such as science and technology, law, and economics as comprehensively as possible to increase the knowledge reserve.

(2) Understand the situation. To put forward good proposals and suggestions, we must pay attention to investigation and research. Comrade Mao Zedong once said: "Without investigation, there is no right to speak." Good proposals and suggestions are inseparable from in-depth and detailed research. It can even be said that the quality of the research determines the quality of the proposed proposals and suggestions. Proposals and suggestions put forward by representatives must be implemented through the work of relevant departments. It is crucial to ensure that they are practical and feasible. Only proposals and suggestions that are in line with the actual situation can achieve good social results. Therefore, after the motions and suggested topics are determined, we must first conduct in-depth and detailed research on the topic and strive to grasp the actual situation as comprehensively as possible. During the research process, we should not only understand the opinions and requirements of relevant functional departments, but also go among the masses, listen more to their opinions, and be good at gathering the wisdom of the masses. Combined with activities such as representative inspections, investigations, law enforcement inspections, interviews with state agency staff, and special discussions, we will carefully listen to the voices of the people, be keenly aware of the people's wishes, and focus on major issues involving the overall situation that are related to the national economy and people's livelihood, and focus on hot and difficult issues of general concern to the people. issues, listen extensively to the opinions of all parties, grasp the real situation, scientifically analyze, judge and synthesize, and then put forward targeted and actionable proposals and suggestions.

(3) Choose a good topic. In recent years, the main problems with the proposals and suggestions proposed by our county representatives are as follows: First, the representatives are not sure about major issues, and the proposed proposals deviate from the overall work situation. A considerable number of representatives seldom participate in major activities and know little about the overall political, economic and other overall work of our county. Many of them are preoccupied with the "major events" every year and fail to put forward urgent needs from an overall perspective. Some hot and difficult issues to be solved. The motions and suggestions of most representatives often only come from the perspective of their own departments, units, and towns, and put forward some specific issues that need to be solved. Judging from the results of our statistics, in recent years, it has been mainly proposed by representatives from different places, and most of them are proposals and suggestions on road construction, building trade markets, farmland construction, etc. These proposals and suggestions lack an overall perspective and deviate from the overall situation. The overall situation of the county work is difficult to get the approval of the bill review committee, and it also cannot get the support of the presidium of the general meeting. Second, representatives are not sure about the elements of the motion, making it difficult to resolve the proposed motion. Some deputies usually study less law, do less research on the current policies of the party and the country, and do little in-depth grassroots research. Although they have proposed many proposals, most of them are political issues that have arisen during the period of social transformation, and the county-level people's congress cannot Solve; some bills only have causes and evidence, but no plans. Some representatives confuse the powers of the People's Congress with those of "one government and two chambers", resulting in some bills exceeding the scope of powers of the National People's Congress; some representatives mistakenly believe that as long as If 10 people jointly submit a motion, it will be a proposal, and if there are less than 10 people, it will be a suggestion. This leads to the leading representative blindly looking for representatives to sign, and the uninformed representatives blindly follow the signature out of sympathy, artificially causing confusion between the motion and suggestions. In the past two years, the proposals received during the conference About 90% of the motions are recommendations. Third, the representatives lacked an overall understanding of the issues raised.

Deputies to the National People's Congress come from all walks of life. Due to the influence of factors such as knowledge structure, educational level, and career orientation, deputies have different pertinence, practicality, and public opinion base in proposing motions or suggesting topics. Therefore, when deputies choose topics for motions and suggestions, they must combine the actual situation of our county, closely focus on the overall situation of reform, development and stability, focus on issues and matters of general concern and concern to the cadres and the masses, extensively solicit suggestions and opinions from the people, and truly The voice of the masses is reflected in the form of bills and suggestions.

To choose the subject of motions and suggestions, you must meet five requirements: ① Mass nature, the first prerequisite for the generation of representative motions and suggestions is to adhere to the mass line, extensively solicit opinions from the masses, and grasp first-hand materials in a timely manner , carefully analyze and summarize, and list the issues of greatest concern to the masses as topics for motions and suggestions; ② Accuracy, representatives must understand the relevant laws and policy provisions of the issues raised, and ensure that the motions and suggestions proposed are in line with the party’s policies policies, national laws and regulations, and in line with the actual situation of the region; ③ overall situation, good at proposing proposals and suggestions around the overall situation of reform, development and stability of the region, and good at proposing proposals and suggestions from the perspective of safeguarding the interests of the majority of people; ④ feasibility, proposals, When putting forward suggestions, they should have problems, analysis, and measures, so that the undertaking unit can do it and work; ⑤ Foresight, representatives should start from local problems, and through careful investigation and research and in-depth thinking, discover that there are We will address overall issues and put forward proposals and suggestions that are in the interests of the overwhelming majority of the people.