Rain and snow disaster rescue knowledge

1. What methods are there to deal with ice and snow disasters?

First, establish a complete disaster forecasting system.

Timely and accurate prediction of upcoming disasters is the most important component of disaster prevention and reduction. Timely and accurate forecasts can enable the people to make material and spiritual preparations in advance so that they can respond calmly when disasters arrive.

Many countries have successful experience in this regard. For example, in the 1990s, Germany established a disaster prevention and control center composed of meteorological, electric power, transportation and other departments to deal with heavy snowfall disasters and other emergencies. Forecasting and monitoring. Second, strengthen the publicity of disaster prevention and reduction knowledge to citizens.

Enable the public to fully understand the self-protection methods for various disasters, and be able to exert their subjective initiative while waiting for rescue, and try to protect the safety of life and property through self-rescue and mutual rescue, instead of being overwhelmed. Passively waiting for rescue. Third, improve the disaster response system.

This is also the most important and is directly related to a country’s ability to fight disasters. The country must establish a complete set of disaster response mechanisms, and governments at all levels must establish corresponding institutions.

At present, the work functions of civil air defense are transforming into wartime air raid prevention and peacetime disaster prevention. Therefore, disaster prevention and reduction have become one of the very important tasks of the civil air defense department. Disaster reduction agencies have been established in civil air defense departments at all levels to form an emergency command network. The civil air defense department should give full play to its departmental advantages, include disaster prevention and reduction in the process of popularizing civil air defense knowledge, reasonably arrange funds, purchase disaster prevention equipment, reserve disaster prevention materials, and conduct regular disaster prevention drills under the guidance of emergency plans.

Fourth, in daily infrastructure construction (including electricity, railways, highway transportation, etc.), the possible impacts of various disasters must be fully considered. We must be forward-thinking, obsolete equipment must be replaced in time, and the structural resistance level must be able to meet the test of a disaster that occurs once in fifty years or even a hundred years.

2. How to prevent rain, snow and freezing disasters

Improve the emergency plan for low-temperature rain, snow and freezing disasters and further improve the organization and command structure. Further clarify functional responsibilities to ensure that institutions at all levels can truly play their functional roles and ensure that leadership, responsibility and work are in place. The meteorological department is responsible for weather monitoring, forecasting and early warning, and notifies all departments of the forecast in a timely manner; the Radio, Film and Television Bureau, electric power company, Tianneng Gas Company, Juqing Water Supply and Drainage Company, various communication companies and other units have strengthened the inspection and maintenance of pipelines and lines, Conduct a comprehensive inspection and maintenance of radio and television, power supply, water supply, gas supply, communications and other infrastructure, and implement preventive measures to prevent large-scale and long-term supply outages; the tourism, culture and sports department strengthens the safety management of facilities and equipment at various tourist attractions , repair and reinforce in time to ensure the safety of tourists; the health department must make preparations for medical assistance to meet the medical needs of the people.

Further establish and improve the procurement and allocation system for emergency disaster relief materials, reserve necessary disaster relief materials, and equip necessary equipment and equipment for disaster relief management to ensure the needs of disaster relief. Strengthen the duty system, implement the 24-hour duty and leadership system, pay attention to weather changes at any time, closely track the disaster process, and ensure smooth communication.

3. How to prevent and respond to low-temperature rain, snow and freezing disasters

Blizzard is a natural phenomenon caused by large amounts of snow falling over a long period of time, resulting in large-scale snow accumulation.

The amount of snowfall will reach more than 4 mm within 12 hours, and the meteorological department will begin to issue blue snow warning signals. Blizzards and the accompanying strong winds and cooling weather have seriously affected or even destroyed lifeline projects such as transportation, communications, and transmission lines. They have cut off power and water in cities, collapsed buildings, and frozen to death or damaged crops and livestock, causing serious disasters.

For such disastrous weather, the meteorological department will promptly issue different levels of warning signals based on the amount of snowfall and its impact. Blizzard warning signals are divided into four levels, represented by blue, yellow, orange and red from weak to strong.

If there is a blizzard, kindergartens, schools, etc. should take temporary evacuation measures and suspend classes and businesses if necessary. If it is a dilapidated house, it must be evacuated in time. If the snow is one foot thick on a 50-square-meter flat roof, it will bear more than two tons of weight. Therefore, do not stay in weak or unsafe buildings in snowy weather. .

Before a heavy snowstorm comes, you should reduce your outing activities, especially your vehicles. Airports, highways, and ferry terminals may be suspended or closed. Before traveling, you should listen to and watch the blizzard warning information issued by the meteorological department in time so that you can cancel and adjust your travel plan as needed.

When going out, take measures to keep warm from the cold and prevent slipping. Try not to wear hard-soled or slippery shoes when walking.

People of all ages, young and infirm should go out as little as possible to avoid falling injuries and catching cold. When approaching billboards, roof eaves, large trees, etc., be careful to observe or take detours to avoid injuring people due to melting ice and snow falling off.

Non-motorized vehicles should deflate their tires a small amount to increase the friction between the tires and the road. Drivers must obey the instructions of the traffic police, comply with traffic diversion arrangements, drive slowly and keep a safe distance from the vehicle in front.

Slow down before the vehicle turns and avoid slamming on the brakes. If possible, install anti-skid chains and wear tinted glasses.

After a traffic accident, obvious signs should be set up behind the scene to prevent serial collisions. If you are trapped by snow, you should call 110, 119 and other emergency hotlines as soon as possible to actively seek rescue.

In addition, residents should actively cooperate with relevant departments in clearing snow on roads and take the initiative to clear snow on roads and roofs near their homes or units. Departments of transportation, railways, electric power and communications should carry out inspections and maintenance of roads, railways and lines, and relevant departments should make emergency preparations for coal, electricity and oil transportation in advance.

For structures such as scaffoldings, attention should be paid to reinforcing them to prevent them from collapsing under the weight of snow. Agricultural and pastoral areas, planting and breeding industries must reserve feed in advance and be prepared to prevent snow disasters and freezing damage. Farming and pastoral areas that have already suffered disasters must carry out disaster relief work in a timely manner.

Freezing rain: When raindrops with a temperature below 0°C fall on cold power lines, trees, houses and the ground near the ground, they immediately freeze into ice. This phenomenon is called freezing rain. Meteorologically, this kind of frozen material is called rain song, and in the south, freezing rain is called "Xiabingling".

Freezing rain mostly occurs in winter and early spring. If the temperature of the air layer about two thousand meters near the ground is slightly lower than 0°C, the temperature of the air layer between two thousand meters and four thousand meters is higher than 0°C, which is a little warmer, and the temperature of the layer above it is lower than 0°C, in this way In the atmosphere, supercooled water droplets, ice crystals and snowflakes below 0°C in the upper clouds fall into the warmer atmosphere, turn into liquid water droplets, and then fall downward into the low-temperature layer near the ground. When they are about to freeze, When it comes into contact with an icy object near the ground, it immediately condenses into ice.

Freezing rain is a strange natural phenomenon. Although it falls silently on the ground, it causes great harm. Since January 12, 2008, the temperature in Guizhou has dropped sharply from the northeast to the southwest. Freezing rain has occurred in many places, and the duration has exceeded the historical limit. In some places, the thickness of ice on electric wires exceeds 20 mm, and in some cases it is as thick as 80 mm.

In addition to Guizhou, the places where there are more freezing rains in my country are also often seen in Hunan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu, southern Liaoning and other places. figure. The destructive power of freezing rain is staggering. It can destroy power lines, block traffic, break trees, damage buildings, and freeze plants and livestock.

When freezing rain is severe, ice accumulation on a 1-meter-long wire can exceed 1 kilogram. One wire on two poles 40 meters apart will add dozens of kilograms of additional load. High-voltage transmission lines will accumulate more ice due to freezing rain. Coupled with the shock caused by strong winds, wires, poles, and towers will be overwhelmed and bend and break, causing large-scale interruptions in power and communications. In addition, freezing rain will form an invisible layer of thin ice on the road, causing traffic accidents.

Therefore, when freezing rain occurs, the ice accumulation on wires, poles, and iron towers must be removed in time; at the airport, the ice accumulation on the runway and aircraft must be cleared in time. For ice accumulation on the road, salt should be spread to melt the ice in time, and manpower should be organized to clean the road.

If an accident occurs, clear signs should be placed at the scene of the accident. In freezing rain weather, people should try to avoid going out as much as possible. If they go out, they should take measures to prevent cold, warmth and slippage. Pedestrians should pay attention to stay away from or avoid motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles.

Drivers should slow down in freezing rain, avoid overtaking, accelerating, making sharp turns or emergency braking, and install tire anti-skid chains in time. Road icing As the name suggests, road icing refers to the icing phenomenon that occurs on the ground when precipitation occurs because the road surface temperature is below 0°C.

When there is freezing rain, icy roads are more likely to occur. When the road is icy, the friction between the wheels and the road is greatly weakened, causing the vehicle to skid or brake failure, causing traffic accidents and blocking traffic operations.

In particular, highway closures caused by road ice will seriously affect highway transportation. When roads are icy, pedestrians are prone to slipping and falling.

Usually when the roads are icy, the meteorological department will issue road icing warning signals to the society. In order from weak to strong, road icing warning signals are divided into three levels, represented by yellow, orange and red respectively.

When the road surface temperature is lower than 0℃ and precipitation occurs, road icing that may affect traffic may occur within 12 hours. The meteorological department will issue a yellow warning signal for road icing; icing may occur within 6 hours. If icy roads have a great impact on traffic, an orange warning signal for road icing will be issued; if icing on roads that has a great impact on traffic may occur or has already occurred within 2 hours, a red warning signal for road icing will be issued. The transportation and public security departments will scientifically and rationally adopt speed limits, closures and closure measures to direct and divert driving vehicles based on the degree of icing on the road and the condition of the road surface.

4. Natural disaster prevention measures and daily first aid common sense

1. Work objectives: By actively preventing and taking corresponding treatment measures for natural disasters such as typhoons, heavy rains, and extreme heat, Strive to minimize losses caused by natural disasters in the management area.

2. Job Responsibilities 2.1 Management Office Manager: Organize employees to conduct training on natural disaster emergency prevention, and carry out publicity and education on public safety knowledge. Responsible for the command and aftermath of various emergencies.

2.2 Security Supervisor: Inspect the public safety management, carefully carry out regular inspections, make various records, handle and report in a timely manner. All employees should firmly establish the awareness of disaster prevention and relief, and should obey instructions and actively participate in disaster relief and rescue work when natural disasters occur.

3. Work Guidelines 3.1. Typhoon Prevention and Emergency Response Procedures 3.1.1 Based on the climate characteristics of the region, actively provide on-the-job training on basic knowledge and skills for typhoon prevention and resistance to all employees and residents of the management office training and conduct simulation drills based on specific situations. 3.1.2 The security supervisor shall obtain relevant typhoon information in a timely manner and post the arrival time and precautions of the typhoon on the bulletin board in the management area.

Residents are reminded to pay attention to various preventive measures before the arrival of the typhoon, such as closing doors and windows, and moving flower pots and debris outside the balcony to a safe area. Avoid accidents.

3.1.3 Before the typhoon approaches, urge security guards to check whether the windows of all unclosed building doors are closed. Check whether the roof and balcony floor drains are unobstructed. If there are any hidden dangers, they should be dealt with promptly or reported to superiors.

3.1.4 Strengthen all trees and move potted greenery to the basement or shelter. Personnel should avoid staying under balconies and in places prone to collapse.

Appropriate protective measures should be taken for employees performing tasks. 3.1.5 During the duration of the typhoon, on-duty and rescue personnel must stick to their posts until the typhoon passes.

3.1.6 After the typhoon, the security supervisor should record the typhoon-related content. 3.2 Thunderstorm prevention and emergency response 3.2.1 According to the season.

The management office regularly conducts training on basic knowledge and skills for preventing thunderstorms to residents and employees. 3.2.2 Regularly carry out publicity and education on thunderstorm prevention to business owners to enhance their awareness and ability to prevent and withstand thunderstorm disasters.

3.2.3 Before a thunderstorm approaches, households with cold clothes on their balconies should be notified to take back their clothes to avoid getting wet. 3.2.4 Inspect flood control equipment promptly and carefully, keep abreast of weather changes, and check whether all rooftop ditches and floor drains are clear.

Notify the maintenance team to check whether the submersible pump is operating normally. 3.2.5 Check the operation of each elevator in time to see if there is water intrusion.

If there is an abnormality, the elevator should be raised to the highest floor in time, and reported to the management office, maintenance team, and elevator team to carry out rescue work. 3.2.6 Immediately find the source of water and check the power facilities and equipment near the site.

If there is water leakage, cut off the power immediately to prevent damage to the equipment and injury to people due to electric leakage. 3.2.7 Establish a quick and effective flood fighting and rescue team to ensure the personal and property safety of business owners.

3.2.8 Before a thunderstorm comes, security guards in the basement should lay out non-slip carpets and put up anti-skid signs. 3.2.9 Keep quality records in relevant aspects.

3.3 Prevention and emergency procedures for persistent hot weather 3.3.1 Based on the seasonal climate characteristics of the region, timely carry out knowledge training on preventing high temperature and extreme heat disasters to employees. 3.3.2 Carry out various forms of heatstroke prevention and cooling publicity and education to business owners in a timely manner during high temperature periods.

3.3.3 Keep abreast of hot weather forecast information in a timely manner. All businesses and employees are also notified to be careful when going out and try to avoid direct exposure to the sun to avoid heat stroke.

3.3.4 When the weather continues to be very hot, pay attention to the safety of electricity. Increase the publicity of fire protection knowledge among business owners and increase the fire protection awareness of all employees.

3.3.5 Let the maintenance team inspect and repair the lines regularly and from time to time, and try to reduce the load on the lines to ensure safety. 3.3.6 Check the ventilation conditions everywhere.

Be prepared to protect yourself and master self-rescue methods. For those suffering from heat stroke, call the emergency hotline "120" or call the nearest Red Cross Hospital: ******** (switchboard), emergency hotline: ** *****, perform first aid. 3.4 Emergency handling procedures 3.4.1 When the security guard on duty discovers a fight among tenants within the jurisdiction, if one party has a murder weapon in his hand, he should immediately dissuade him from putting it down.

The security guard on duty should proactively dissuade the fighting parties from leaving the scene and ease the conflict. And promptly report to the squad leader and management office.

If it is confirmed that the violation is a violation of public security management or a crime, it should be reported to the public security organs in a timely manner, or the perpetrator should be transferred to the public security organs for processing. 3.4.2 When criminal security or theft occurs at the owner's home, the security guard on duty should quickly report the case to the security squad leader, security supervisor, management office, company security department and public security agency. 3.4.3 Increase vigilance to prevent bad guys from taking advantage of the chaos. Carry out sabotage activities or steal property, persuade and dissuade onlookers from leaving, and ensure normal public order in the security target area.

If the owner’s damaged property has purchased insurance, he should also notify the insurance company. 3.4.4 Seize the opportunity to learn about the discovery of the case or accident from the person who discovered it or the surrounding people, collect the people’s feedback and comments, learn more about the situation and record it carefully.

3.4.5 Adopt appropriate methods to protect the entire scene according to the specific situation. Personnel are prohibited from entering the scene before the arrival of public security personnel, so as not to destroy traces and physical evidence left on the scene and affect the collection of evidence. 3.4.6 For major suspected stolen scenes, the situation reported by the victims and witnesses can be reported. The suspected perpetrators can be secretly monitored and restrained, and detailed reports can be made to the public security organs.

3.4.7 When on duty, you encounter criminal acts that openly use violence or other means (such as beating, smashing, robbing) to forcibly steal or destroy company and property owners, you must effectively perform the duties of a security guard . 3.4.8 Stop criminals quickly.

Remain calm, try to subdue the criminal, and immediately send a signal to summon nearby security guards or the public for support. If you encounter criminal robbery in the building, you should immediately notify the lobby to close the door.

See clearly the number of people, clothing, appearance, physical characteristics, means of transportation and characteristics, etc., and promptly report to the management office, company security department and public security organs. At the same time, you can call the 24-hour hotline of the police station in your jurisdiction: * *********, or dial "110" to call the police. 3.4.9 The items left behind by criminals, tools for committing crimes, etc. should be picked up using gloves or other tools, and then placed in white paper bags for safekeeping and handed over to the public security organs for disposal.

Never put fingerprints or other traces of security personnel or other people on the leftovers. Interview witnesses in a timely manner, collect information about the robbery, and provide it to the public security organs. They cannot do so until the public security personnel have investigated the scene or have completed the on-site investigation.

5. Response measures to ice and snow disasters

In order to minimize the impact and losses of disasters when disasters strike unexpectedly, the following aspects must be taken: Efforts:

First, establish a complete disaster forecasting system. Timely and accurate prediction of upcoming disasters is the most important component of disaster prevention and reduction. Timely and accurate forecasts can enable the people to make material and spiritual preparations in advance so that they can respond calmly when disasters arrive. Many countries have successful experience in this regard. For example, in the 1990s, Germany established a disaster prevention and control center composed of meteorological, electric power, transportation and other departments to predict and monitor heavy snowfall disasters and other emergencies.

Second, strengthen the publicity of disaster prevention and reduction knowledge to citizens. Enable the public to fully understand the self-protection methods for various disasters, and be able to exert their subjective initiative while waiting for rescue, and try to protect the safety of life and property through self-rescue and mutual rescue, instead of passively waiting for rescue at a loss.

Third, improve the disaster response system. This is also the most important and is directly related to a country's ability to fight disasters. The country must establish a complete set of disaster response mechanisms, and governments at all levels must establish corresponding institutions. At present, the work functions of civil air defense are transforming into wartime air raid prevention and peacetime disaster prevention. Therefore, disaster prevention and reduction have become one of the very important tasks of the civil air defense department. Disaster prevention and reduction institutions can be established at all levels. The civil air defense department forms an emergency command network. The civil air defense department should give full play to its departmental advantages, include disaster prevention and reduction in the process of popularizing civil air defense knowledge, reasonably arrange funds, purchase disaster prevention equipment, reserve disaster prevention materials, and conduct regular disaster prevention drills under the guidance of emergency plans.

Fourth, in daily infrastructure construction (including electricity, railways, highway transportation, etc.), the possible impacts of various disasters must be fully considered. We must be forward-thinking, obsolete equipment must be replaced in time, and the structural resistance level must be able to meet the test of a disaster that occurs once in fifty years or even a hundred years.

6. How to prevent rain, snow and freezing disasters

Improve the emergency plan for low-temperature rain, snow and freezing disasters and further improve the organization and command structure.

Further clarify functional responsibilities to ensure that institutions at all levels can truly perform their functions and ensure that leadership, responsibility and work are in place. The meteorological department is responsible for weather monitoring, forecasting and early warning, and notifies all departments of the forecast in a timely manner; the Radio, Film and Television Bureau, electric power company, Tianneng Gas Company, Juqing Water Supply and Drainage Company, various communication companies and other units have strengthened the inspection and maintenance of pipelines and lines, Conduct a comprehensive inspection and maintenance of radio and television, power supply, water supply, gas supply, communications and other infrastructure, and implement preventive measures to prevent large-scale and long-term supply outages; the tourism, culture and sports department strengthens the safety management of facilities and equipment at various tourist attractions , repair and reinforce in time to ensure the safety of tourists; the health department must make preparations for medical assistance to meet the medical needs of the people.

Further establish and improve the procurement and allocation system for emergency disaster relief materials, reserve necessary disaster relief materials, and equip necessary equipment and equipment for disaster relief management to ensure the needs of disaster relief. Strengthen the duty system, implement the 24-hour duty and leadership system, pay attention to weather changes at any time, closely track the disaster process, and ensure smooth communication.

7. What are the disasters caused by snowstorms: safety knowledge that primary school students must know

What are the disasters caused by snowstorms: safety knowledge that primary school students must know

In order to keep children safe and allow them to grow up healthily and happily, parents should take the responsibility of protecting their children during the holidays.

1. Impact on the local economy

Local transportation is interrupted, the transportation of products and raw materials is blocked, and production is at a standstill, which greatly affects the local GDP.

The transportation of coal and electricity has been blocked, and power plants have stopped or semi-stopped production, directly affecting local production of power transmission. Power was out and production came to a halt. For those continuous productions, huge losses will be caused, such as petrochemical, chemical, papermaking and other continuous production industries. Road repair, direct loss of wires, poles, towers, vehicles and other items, loss of vegetables, fruits, and grain.

Calculated based on 10 months of annual production, this disaster is equivalent to a complete shutdown of about 30 days, and the direct impact on my country's GDP = 30/300 *10.

The World Bank estimates that my country's GDP in 2008 was about 10. So affected by the snowstorm, the GDP will be reduced to about 9.

2. Impact on the environment

After the heavy snow melts, the groundwater level rises, which is prone to disasters such as schistosomiasis in Jiangxi and Hunan.

Salt and snow-melting agents are used to remove snow on roads. After the salt dissolves, it enters the soil, causing the quality of groundwater and soil to harden and deteriorate.

3. Impact on the system

Blizzard caused supply problems of staple and non-staple food. Forcing the state to adopt a policy of prohibiting price increases is a test for producers and operators and is inconsistent with market rules.

4. Humanistic impact

Millions of migrant workers are unable to return to their hometowns for the New Year, suffering from psychological problems, marital problems and other family problems.