Are national special cultural relics the same as national first-class cultural relics?

Special grade is the first grade, and national cultural relics are divided into first, second and third grades

First and first grade cultural relics

1. Reflecting the various historical periods and production of China relations, their economic systems, political systems, and representative cultural relics related to social and historical development.

2. Representative cultural relics that reflect the development of productive forces, progress in production technology and scientific inventions and creations.

3. Representative cultural relics that reflect the social and historical development of various ethnic groups, promote national unity, and safeguard the reunification of the motherland.

4. Representative cultural relics that reflect the resistance of working people in past dynasties against economic exploitation and political oppression, as well as famous uprising leaders.

5. Representative cultural relics that reflect the friendly exchanges between China and foreign countries and mutual exchanges in politics, economy, military, education, science and technology, culture, sports and other aspects.

6. Representative cultural relics that reflect the historical events and important historical figures of the Chinese nation’s resistance to foreign aggression and aggression.

7. Representative cultural relics reflecting famous thinkers, scientists, inventors, politicians, military strategists, educators, writers, artists and famous craftsmen of past dynasties.

8. Representative cultural relics with particularly significant historical, artistic and scientific value that reflect the living customs, culture and art, arts and crafts, and religious beliefs of various ethnic groups.

9. A representative rare book among ancient Chinese books.

10. Representative cultural relics reflecting the major events in the international communist movement and the revolutionary practices of outstanding leaders, as well as internationalist fighters who made significant contributions to the Chinese revolution.

11. Representative cultural relics reflecting the founding of the Communist Party of China and its related major historical events, leaders and famous martyrs.

12. Representative cultural relics that reflect major events and important figures of various parties and groups in China, as well as patriotic overseas Chinese and social celebrities.

13. Other representative cultural relics at home and abroad with particularly important historical, artistic, and scientific value.

Second and second-level cultural relics

1. Cultural relics that have important historical and scientific value or high artistic value, but are abundant in the country or in the region.

2. Cultural relics that have certain historical, scientific or general artistic value, but are in small numbers nationwide or in this region.

3. Cultural relics that reflect a region, a nation or a certain era and have important historical value or high artistic value, but have certain defects.

4. Cultural relics that reflect a certain historical figure, historical event, or are of great value to the study of a certain historical issue.

5. Cultural relics that reflect a certain cultural type and cultural characteristics and can explain a certain historical issue with important value.

6. Cultural relics of a later era, with average historical, artistic, and scientific value, but high economic value.

7. Reflect important folk cultural relics of various regions and ethnic groups.

8. Reflect the important works of famous artists or craftsmen of past dynasties, as well as the fine works of ordinary artists.

9. Rare books of great value among ancient Chinese books.

10. Other domestic and foreign cultural relics with important historical, artistic, and scientific value.

Third and third-level cultural relics

1. Cultural relics that have certain historical, artistic, and scientific value and are abundant in the country or region.

2. Cultural relics that reflect a region, a nation or a certain era and have certain historical, artistic and scientific value, but have certain defects.

3. Cultural relics that reflect a certain historical event or figure and are of certain value to the study of a certain historical issue.

4. Non-main cultural relics of a certain region that reflect the characteristics of a certain cultural type.

5. Folk cultural relics with certain historical, artistic and scientific value.

6. Works that reflect the level of art and craftsmanship in a certain historical period, or works that have higher levels of art and craftsmanship but are seriously damaged.

7. Rare books of certain value among ancient Chinese books.

8. Other domestic cultural relics with certain historical, artistic, and scientific value.

IV. Examples of first-class cultural relic grading standards (for reference)

1. Jade - accurate in era, fine in texture, rare in remains, distinctive in art and craftsmanship or It has research value; it has the exact place of origin, identification or other important characteristics, which can be used as a dating standard; it has obvious local characteristics and can represent a regional workshop; it can reflect the style and artistic level of a certain era and relevant ethnic relations and Sino-foreign relations. Representative work.

2. Pottery - can represent a certain cultural type, with special shape and complete shape; the exact place of origin can be used as a dating standard; among the three-color pottery, it has beautiful shape, bright colors and complete shape. .

3. Porcelain - the era is accurate, the remains are rare, and it has important research value in art or craftsmanship; the year or exact place of origin can be used as the standard for dating; the shape, decoration, glaze color, etc. Reflecting the original style and strong national color of the times; famous porcelains recorded in literature and representative works of famous kilns in the past dynasties; porcelain from folk kilns with important research value in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties; and representative works of famous craftsmen.

4. Bronze ware - with exquisite shapes and decorations, which can represent the level of craftsmanship and casting technology of a period; with the exact location of the place of origin that can be used as a basis for dating; with inscriptions reflecting major historical events or important historical figures; calligraphy It is artistically beautiful; it is rare and has important status and scientific value in the history of craft development.

5. Gold and silverware - those with important historical, artistic, and scientific value, superb craftsmanship, and exquisite shapes or decorations.

6. Stone carvings and bricks - earlier and representative stone carvings; stele engraved with the year or owner's inscriptions that can be used as a basis for dating; can directly reflect social production and life, and have vivid expressions , beautiful stone carvings; portrait stones with exquisite techniques and rich content; inscriptions and epitaphs with important historical value or artistic value; bricks and tiles with exquisite text or patterns and great historical value.

7. Calligraphy and painting - relatively complete calligraphy and painting before the Yuan Dynasty; manuscripts with a high artistic level before the Tang Dynasty, complete beginning and end with year numbers; before the Song Dynasty, the scriptures have authors or dates and have a high level of calligraphy those with famous models in the Song and Yuan Dynasties or those without famous models but with extremely high artistic level; handwritings of historical celebrities with important historical value; fine works of important art schools or famous painters since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

8. Oracle bones - the recorded content has important historical value, the tortoise shells and animal bones are complete; the engraved characters are exquisite or unique, and can play a role in dating the oracle bones.

9. Talisman seals - seals, seals and talisman seals with exquisite writing, precious materials and important historical value or high artistic value; the seals of the main schools or main representatives of Ming and Qing seal cutting Representative works; seals of important historical figures from past dynasties.

10. Currency - a very small number or complete set of currency that plays an important role in the history of Chinese currency development, as well as money models and banknotes; treasures among the currencies issued by the peasant regime with important influence .

11. Ivory carvings - The era is accurate, the remains are rare, and they are of great value in the history of carving art; they typically reflect the characteristics of national crafts and the development history of craftsmanship; they are representative works of famous craftsmen or artists in various periods.

12. Bamboo carving - the era is accurate and has unique style or characteristics in the history of bamboo carving crafts; the style is accurate and can be used as a standard for dating; the production is exquisite and the craftsmanship is extremely high; the masterpiece of a famous craftsman or artist .

13. Lacquer ware—accurate identification, rare remains, and representative of typical lacquer craft varieties of a certain historical period; high and complete shapes, patterns, carvings, tones, and craftsmanship; the work of famous craftsmen Representative work.

14. Enamel - the style is accurate, the remains are rare, and it has a distinctive style of the era; the shape, decoration, glaze color, filigree and other craftsmanship are high and intact.

15. Weaving and embroidery - early physical objects or physical imprints with rare remains and valuable for historical research; older, with accurate dates and origins; basically maintaining the original color can represent the level of craftsmanship and technology in a historical era. It has bright colors, exquisite patterns and typical characteristics of the times; it is a fine product used and preserved by celebrities in the past dynasties, and it is a representative work of famous craftsmen.

16. Rare ancient books - old engravings from the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties; old copies from the Song and Yuan Dynasties; manuscripts from the Ming and pre-Ming dynasties and copies from famous scholars or bibliophiles; corrections by famous scholars or bibliophiles from the Ming and Qing Dynasties Inscriptions and postscripts; manuscripts carved in Ming Dynasty or Qing Dynasty that are unique in content, version, printing technology or have other characteristics.

17. Rubbings of stele rubbings - rubbings of stele rubbings before the Yuan Dynasty; full rubbings and rare rubbings from the Ming Dynasty; fine editions of early rubbings and multi-character editions. The originals are important and have been lost, and the rubbings are widely circulated There are few Qing Dynasty or modern rubbings.

18. Weapons - Certain weapons with important historical plots and rare quantities used in important battles (including uprisings); weapons that can represent the level of ordnance in a historical stage; weapons used by celebrities in the past dynasties arms.

19. Propaganda materials - leaflets, slogans, posters, good news, important and scarce quantities that reflect major historical events during the democratic revolution or are issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China or local party and government organizations. Waiting outside the number.

20. Exhibits - Flags, seals, certificates, etc. that reflect major historical events and important policies, are rare in number, have direct relations with various regions, parties and groups, and have special historical circumstances.

21. Documents - original documents of important meetings of the Communist Party of China; rare early reprints of important documents that do not exist in original form or early reprints of special significance; reflecting the relevant information of various parties and groups Important meetings, documents with important historical value.

22. Celebrity relics - historically significant manuscripts, letters, inscriptions, inscriptions, Signed copies; or daily necessities with special historical significance.

Note: Examples of the grading standards for second- and third-level cultural relics can be deduced from the examples of the grading standards for first-level cultural relics.

Cultural relics in the collection are usually divided into three categories: first-level, second-level, and third-level. Among them, the highest level of first-level cultural relics is divided into two levels: A and B. Only first-level A-level cultural relics can be called "national treasures". Whether a cultural relic is Grade A, in other words, whether it is a "national treasure" must be appraised by the National Cultural Relics Appraisal Committee, and the appraisal experts must be present together. As for the standards used during the appraisal, first of all, it is not the value of the cultural relics, and finally, the value of the cultural relics. The important thing is that it must be an important witness to the development of Chinese civilization. With this significance, it can be recognized as a "national treasure."

Strictly speaking, "national treasure" is not a standardized scientific term. Precious cultural relics are called "national treasures", which is probably influenced by Japan. Because they have long been formulated by the country "National Treasure Preservation" Order", regardless of whether the precious cultural relics collected in public or private collections are designated as "national treasures" by specialized national agencies, the collectors themselves have absolutely no right to dispose of them.

The evaluation standards for existing cultural relics in our country are based on relevant national regulations. According to their age, artistic level, academic value and other different circumstances, they are mainly divided into first, second and third levels. Regardless of the second and third levels for the time being, the reference standards for first-level calligraphy and painting artworks are:

Relatively complete paintings and calligraphy before the Yuan Dynasty; manuscripts with a high artistic level before the Tang Dynasty and complete beginning and end with dates; scriptures before the Song Dynasty that have authors or dates and a high level of calligraphy: in the Song and Yuan dynasties, there are famous inscriptions or Unknown items with extremely high artistic level: handwritings of celebrities with important historical value; masterpieces of important art schools or famous painters since the Ming and Qing Dynasties (recorded in the "Cultural Relics Collection Grading Standards". Formulated by the Ministry of Culture in 1987)

According to this standard, only a very small number of first-class works can be called national treasures. Therefore, although there are countless ancient paintings and calligraphy works that have been handed down to this day, none of them truly qualify as "national treasures". There are not many, especially those that have been circulating for more than a thousand years, and they are even rarer.

Zhang Boju, a famous collector who donated a large number of ancient paintings and calligraphy to the country, once said with emotion, "Given the long history of our country and its advanced culture, it is very surprising that not a single painting from before the Sui Dynasty has been passed down!" Indeed, it is not because the evaluation conditions are too harsh, but because there are too few works that have been passed down to this day and are currently preserved in China!