Can pigs get foot-and-mouth disease? How to treat it?

Pig foot-and-mouth disease, commonly known as "aphtha", is an acute febrile contact infectious disease of cloven-hoofed animals caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus. The main manifestations are characteristic blisters and ulcers in oral mucosa, hoof and breast.

clinical symptoms

The incubation period is 1-2 days. The initial body temperature is 40-4 1℃, which leads to listlessness, loss of appetite or abandonment. There are obvious blisters on nose mirror, lips, sow nipple and oral mucosa, hoof pain and limping, accompanied by local redness, slight fever and sensitivity. Soon, blisters with big rice grains and broad beans were formed. After the blisters burst, the surface bled to form erosion, the hoof shell fell off, and the affected limb could not land, so it was impossible to lie on the ground. Lesions of nasal endoscope and sow nipple are more common. Lactating piglets often die suddenly due to acute gastroenteritis and myocarditis, with a slightly longer course of disease and blisters and erosion in the nose and mouth.

1 The sick pig's body temperature rises, the hoof crown, hoof heel and hoof fork are red, slightly heat sensitive, and the rice grain is as big as a bean blister, which forms hemorrhagic erosion after rupture.

Two blisters and rotten spots appeared on the nose mirror and tongue of the sick pig; When suckling piglets get sick, they seldom see blisters and rotten spots, and they often die suddenly without symptoms.

There are diffuse bleeding spots in the pericardium of piglets, and gray-white or yellowish spots or stripes on myocardial slices are called tiger spot heart and myocarditis.

Foot-and-mouth disease is an acute, hot and highly contagious infectious disease of cloven-hoofed animals caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus. It spreads quickly and has a wide range of popularity. Blisters and ulcers will appear in the oral mucosa, hooves and breasts of adult animals, and young animals often die of acute myocarditis and hemorrhagic enteritis.

Diagnostic points

It is characterized by blisters and erosion on hoof and oral mucosa. At the beginning of the onset, the body temperature rose as high as 40℃ ~ 4 1℃, and the patient was depressed, so he reduced his diet or gave up his diet. Then he limped obviously when walking on the hard ground, and then he turned red on the top of his head, front fork, heel, secondary hoof, toes, nose plate, oral mucosa and breast skin, and a number of blisters of different sizes appeared. The liquid in the blister is light yellow and transparent at first.

When secondary infection occurs, the hoof shell falls off and cannot walk, and often lies on the ground. Piglets often die of acute myocarditis and acute gastroenteritis, with a short course of disease and a mortality rate of 60% ~ 80%. Most big pigs are benign. When there is no secondary infection, they will recover in about two weeks.

The incubation period of foot-and-mouth disease in pigs is 1 ~ 2 days, and the main feature of sick pigs is blisters on their mouths and hooves. At the initial stage of onset, the body temperature is as high as 40~4 1℃, and you may feel listless, lose appetite or give up on yourself, so you can't lie on your side or kneel. Small blisters or erosion appear in oral mucosa; The crown, fork and heel of the hoof are red, slightly hot and sensitive, and soon form blisters as big as rice grains and broad beans, with grayish white or dark yellow liquid in the blisters. After the blister bursts, the surface bleeds and is eroded, and it will heal in about a week. If there is secondary infection, it will cause local suppuration and necrosis, leading to the fall of hoof shell, and the affected limb can not land and lie flat.

Blisters may also appear on the nose mirror, gums, lips, tongue, pharynx and palate of sick pigs, and form superficial ulcers after rupture; Blisters or rotten spots may also appear on the breasts and nipples of lactating sows.

When suckling piglets are sick, blisters and rotten spots rarely appear. They often die suddenly due to acute gastroenteritis and myocarditis, and the mortality rate is very high.

Because the infection is fast, it is also a virus, and there is no specific medicine, so the state requires all disinfection. Prevention: 1. Pay attention to strengthening quarantine at ordinary times and closely monitor the epidemic situation; 2. Animal products of pigs and other susceptible animals have not been imported from epidemic areas; After recovery, you still take poison to expel toxin (urine excretion), which can generally exceed 150 days. 3 epidemic areas and threatened areas are regularly vaccinated. Foot-and-mouth disease virus can be divided into seven serotypes: A, C, O, South Africa I, II and III (called SAT 1, SAT2 and SAT3 respectively) and Asia I ... There are more than 80 subtypes in each type. The virus types in China are type A, type C, type O and type ι in Asia. There is no cross-immunity between types, that is, there is no mutual immunity between types. Pigs, cattle, sheep and camels are all these seven serotypes. What type caused it? This type of vaccine is needed to play an immune role. Therefore, the virus type should be clearly diagnosed before injection. But if you are sick, you can't play. If allergic reaction occurs during inoculation, epinephrine 1 ml should be injected for emergency rescue. 4. Strengthen feeding management, improve environmental sanitation and enhance the resistance of herds. 5. After discovering the epidemic situation, please report the epidemic situation in time; You will be fined for concealing this matter. 6. Strictly implement the blockade and isolation measures; Bodies are destroyed by the sick group (the state requires all bodies to be killed). Thoroughly disinfect pig houses, utensils and means of transport in the pig farm; This virus is very sensitive to acids. When the pH value is 5.0, it can kill 90% in 1 sec, and when the pH value is 5.5, it takes 1 min to kill 90%. Therefore, vinegar vapor can be used to disinfect the air. It is also very sensitive to alkali. Barns are usually disinfected with 2% sodium hydroxide or 2% potassium hydroxide, 4% sodium carbonate, 1 ~ 2% formaldehyde solution and 30% plant ash. Others, such as lysol, alcohol, carbolic acid and ether, will not work. 7. Emergency immunization of healthy pigs in epidemic areas (those who are already sick cannot be vaccinated). Treatment: 1. Strengthen the feeding and nursing of sick pigs: mainly strengthen nutrition, cook some porridge like mung beans, drink more water and feed rice soup. Keep the pigsty clean, ventilated, dry and warm. Because the mortality rate of big pigs is low, it is possible to get better, but other uninfected pigs must be vaccinated, otherwise the consequences will be very serious. When pregnant sows are vaccinated, they may cause miscarriage and other allergic reactions (epinephrine 1 ml immediately), but they should also be vaccinated, otherwise it will be more dangerous. If the nursing sow is sick, the suckling pig can gain immunity through milk. At that time, suckling pigs and sick sows could not be vaccinated. As long as the lactating sow survives, there will be no big problem for the suckling pig. 2. For pigs with broken blisters, wash the damaged surface with 0. 1% potassium permanganate or 2% boric acid or 2% alum water, and then apply 1% purple liquid or 5% iodine glycerin (made of 5% iodine tincture and the same amount of glycerin). 3. Use 0. 1% potassium permanganate or 2% potassium permanganate for broken hoof. 4. After the pigs with foot-and-mouth disease are cured, they can be injected with serum or whole blood for 4 weeks, with 2-3 ml per newborn piglet, once a day, for 2-3 days, which has good control effect. 5. Rhizoma Coptidis 30g, Cortex Phellodendri 30g, Scutellariae Radix 45g, Herba Taraxaci 60g, Herba Violae 50g, Radix Isatidis 50g, Folium Isatidis100g, one dose per day. Decoct 6 bowls of water to 3 bowls, and take it three times. 6. Koutikang injection (prevention and treatment of foot-and-mouth disease in animals): it mainly contains Houttuynia cordata injection. 7. Inject interferon into piglet muscle: from the first injection, inject vaccine to the sixth injection at intervals of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days respectively. Some people have tried it many times and the results are good. 8. In order to prevent co-morbid infection, antibiotics or sulfonamides can be injected. In other words, antibiotics or sulfonamides themselves have no effect on foot-and-mouth disease virus, but only prevent other infections from happening again. Antibiotics include apramycin, ceftiofur, amoxicillin and quinolones. The drugs for symptomatic high fever include dexamethasone and metamizole sodium (intramuscular injection in pigs 1 ~ 3g). The stress response of sick pigs should be reduced and injections should be avoided as far as possible to avoid myocarditis and death. If necessary, dexamethasone can be injected into the heart first, and then some anti-inflammatory and antiviral drugs, such as Yinhuang injection, antiviral 1 injection, cephalosporins and sulfonamides, can be given after 5-/0/5 minutes. Mixing with amoxicillin powder and Astragalus polysaccharide powder.