Zhu ziqing's information

Zhu Ziqing, formerly known as Zihua, was born on the ninth day of October in the 24th year of Guangxu (November 22nd, 1898) and died on August 12th, 1948. Originally from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Because three generations have settled in Yangzhou, they graduated from Jiangsu No.8 Middle School in Yangzhou at that time and worked as teachers in Yangzhou, so they call themselves "Yangzhou people". He is a famous writer and scholar in modern times. Zhu Ziqing's grandfather Zhu Zeyu, whose real name is Yu, changed his surname because he inherited Zhu's family. Being cautious, he served as a trial officer in Donghai County, Jiangsu Province for more than 1 years during Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. My father's name is Hongjun, and his word is Xiaopo. He married Zhou and was a scholar. In the 27th year of Guangxu (191), Hongjun Zhu went to Shaobo Town, Yangzhou Prefecture, from the East China Sea. Two years later, the whole family moved to Yangzhou City and settled in Yangzhou.

[ Edit this paragraph] Introduction to Works

Introduction to Works

Zhu Ziqing's prose is mainly narrative and lyrical essays. The theme of his works can be divided into three series: first, a group of essays with the main content of writing about social life and attacking the dark reality. The representative works are The Price of Life-Seventy cents, White People-God's Favorite, and The Massacre of Executive Government. Second, a group of essays, represented by The Back, Children, Mourning Women and Spring, mainly describe personal and family life, show the human relationship between father and son, husband and wife and friends, and have a strong human touch. Thirdly, a group of lyrical sketches based on natural scenery, such as Green, Qinhuai River in the shadow of oars and lights, and Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, are their representative works, which accompany generations of people's joys and sorrows. The latter two kinds of essays are the best written by Zhu Ziqing, among which "The Back" and "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" are well-known masterpieces. His prose is simple and meticulous, clear and gloomy, famous for its refined language and beautiful writing, and full of true feelings.

The sincerity of feelings in Zhu Ziqing's prose is well-known. His "The Back" and "Mourning the Woman" are called "the first-class literature in heaven and earth". In the faint pen and ink, there is a deep feeling, without any affectation, but with touching power. Especially in The Back, Zhu Ziqing's deep affection for his father Hongjun Zhu makes readers feel a little nostalgic and moved. He wrote in On Realism and Picturesque, On Slogans and Slogans, Zhong Ming < A record of nausea and bitterness > Preface and other articles, emphasize "truth" and "nature", emphasize "rhetoric is sincere", and emphasize that "propaganda and writing cannot be short of ... sincere attitude". It is this "sincere attitude" that makes him pour his true feelings between the lines. And this kind of emotion, which is revealed from the depths of the heart, is more likely to cause readers to sing. Zhu Ziqing embarked on the road of literature and was famous for his poems at first. He published a long poem "Destruction" and some short poems, which were included in Snow Dynasty and Traces. Since the mid-192s, he has devoted himself to the creation of prose, including the collection of essays "The Back", "Miscellaneous Notes on Europe", "You and Me", "Miscellaneous Notes on London" and the collection of essays "Standards and Measures" and "Appreciation of Elegance and Custom". His essays include landscape writing, travel notes, lyric writing and essays. First of all, he wrote beautiful scenery with meticulous and beautiful "Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights" and "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond", which showed the achievements of vernacular literature; Following the sentimental works such as The Back, Children, For the Dead Wife, he set up a model of "conversation style" prose with rich literature and nature. Finally, the poet, the scholar and the fighter are unified by the mixed feelings with subtle words and interesting reasons. He has contributed to the construction of modern prose style which is simple, lyrical and natural.

As a scholar, he has made great achievements in poetry theory, classical literature, the history of new literature and Chinese education. His works include Miscellaneous Comments on New Poetry, Argumentation on Poetry's Expression and Intention, Regular Talks on Classics, Chinese Teaching (co-authored with Ye Shengtao) and the handout Outline of China's New Literature Research. His writings are included in The Complete Works of Zhu Ziqing (Jiangsu Education Press).

Collection of Works Snow Dynasty (Poetry Collection) was published in 1922. Business

Back (Prose Collection) was published in 1928. Enlightened

Trace (Poetry and Prose Collection) was published in 1929. Yadong Library

Miscellaneous Notes on European Tour (Prose Collection) was published in 1934. Enlightened

You. Business

London Miscellaneous Notes (Prose Collection) was published in 1943, Enlightened

Chinese Teaching (Essay Collection) was published in 1945, Enlightened

Classic Talk (Essay Collection) was published in 1946, and Wenguang

Poems, Words and Ambitions (Poetics) was published in 1947. The standards and yardsticks (essays) published by writers' house

were published in 1948, Wen Guang

The Collection of Chinese Words (essays) was published in 1948, and The Appreciation of Elegance and Custom (essays) published by Mingshan House

was published in 1948, and the Collected Works of Zhu Ziqing (essays) published by Observatory

. Enlightened

Selected Works of Zhu Ziqing's Classical Literature (Volume I) was published in 1981, the ancient book

Book Review of Zhu Ziqing's Preface and Postscript (Collection of Essays) was published in 1983, Sanlian

Selected Works of Zhu Ziqing was published in 1986, and Baihua

Complete Works of Zhu Ziqing (1-3 volumes Jiangsu education (incomplete)

Zhu Ziqing's prose collection:

1 In a hurry

2 Singing songs

3 Qinhuai River in the shadow of oars

4 Traces of Wenzhou

5 Back

6 Civilization of Ships

. Plum blossom > Postscript

1 White Man-God's Favourite

11 Huaiwei holds a young gentleman

12 Ahe

13 Children

14 Mourning for Wei Jiesan

15 Travel Miscellanies

16 Wandering. 21 Spring

22 Green

Hurriedly Zhu Ziqing (selected as the sixth-grade textbook of People's Publishing House' Experimental People's Education Edition')

Spring Zhu Ziqing (selected as the first-year Chinese textbook of People's Education Edition, the sixth-grade Chinese textbook of Zhejiang Education Edition, and the sixth-grade Chinese textbook of Shanghai's nine-year compulsory education)

"Back" describes the process of the father's farewell to his long-distance son in the case of family changes. Through simple and true language, it shows the father's love for his son and the son's feelings for his father. It is a famous piece in the history of China's modern prose. The author once said: "I wrote" Back "because of the sentence in my father's letter cited in the article. When I read my father's letter, I really burst into tears. Many of the benefits my father treated me, especially the one described in "The Back", are almost the same when I think of it. My article is only realistic ... "This sentence tells the writing reason, description focus and writing characteristics of Back, which can be used as the key to understand the article.

Moonlight in the Lotus Pond/Zhu Ziqing

The origin of Zhu Ziqing's name and characters

It is said that after Zhu Ziqing was born, his father, Hongjun Zhu, liked Su Dongpo very much, so he named his son "Zihua" from Dongpo's poem "Poetry in his belly makes him look good". Zhu Ziqing's nickname "Shiqiu" contains the meaning of "spring blossoms and autumn fruits" except that the fortune teller said that he was "short of fire in five elements" and used the word "autumn". "Zhu Ziqing" was changed by himself before he went to college, and he should use the word "Qing" to encourage himself to take the meaning of "Qing", "Qing" and "Qing". And this name does reflect Zhu Ziqing's unyielding integrity in his life.

Zhu Ziqing, formerly known as Zhu Zihua, changed his name in 1917. In 1916, he was admitted to Peking University Preparatory College. According to his normal academic qualifications, he needed to study for two years in the Preparatory College and four years after he was promoted to the undergraduate course. Due to the gradual embarrassment of his family, he was unable to study for the long six years step by step, so he skipped the exam in the second year of the Preparatory College and was admitted. At this time, in order to motivate himself, he took the word "self-improvement" in "Ning Integrity and Self-discipline" in Chu Ci Bu Ju, and changed its name to self-discipline, indicating that he was willing to be poor. This is the origin of Zhu Ziqing's fame. His words are attached to strings and also have allusions. Everything is done wrong? Guanxing: "Ximen Bao is impatient, so Pei Wei is slow; Dong An's nature is slow, so he wears a string to be anxious. " Strings, tenseness, and sexual rigidity. Zhu Ziqing's choice of words and strings has obvious encouraging significance.

Letter to help my father

After the Lugouqiao Incident, Mr. Zhu Ziqing moved to the rear area. He wrote to Li Jianwu, who was teaching in Shanghai at that time, asking him to help his old father who lived in Yangzhou nearby. Li Jianwu naturally would not let the teacher down. Then, why does Mr. Zhu Ziqing have the confidence to trust others so much? It turns out that the two men have already established a deep friendship between teachers and students. -After the summer vacation in 1925, Mr. Zhu Ziqing came to Tsinghua University as a professor of China Literature Department. Li Jianwu just graduated from the middle school affiliated to Beijing Normal University and was admitted to the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University. In the first class, Mr. Zhu Ziqing called the roll and asked Li Jianwu, "Li Jianwu, this name is strange, is it the Li Jianwu who often writes articles in newspapers?" Li Jianwu replied: "I dare not hide from the teacher, it's me." It is true that when he was studying in the middle school attached to Normal University, Li Jianwu and Jian Xianai organized a fire club to engage in new literary activities. "Then I already know you!" Mr. Zhu said happily. After class, Mr. Zhu Ziqing advised Li Jianwu: "You want to learn creative writing. It's not appropriate to study Chinese, so you'd better transfer to the Foreign Languages Department." At that time, the Chinese department only read ancient books, so Mr. Zhu Ziqing said so. Li Jianwu listened to Mr. Zhu Ziqing's words and transferred to the Foreign Languages Department the next year. Although the teachers and students are not in the same department, Li Jianwu wrote works and gave them to Mr. Zhu first, always taking Mr. Zhu Ziqing as a mentor. Mr. Zhu Ziqing also helped Li Jianwu finalize the draft carefully every time. Years of interaction have made their sincere teacher-student relationship firm for life.

I would rather starve to death than accept American aid for flour

In China in the 194s, everything was depressed, prices soared, and people were struggling. Even professors in the High Court can hardly make a living. Zhu Ziqing, director of the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University, who suffers from poverty and illness, lives on gruel, and the family is not full. In order to alleviate the dissatisfaction of professors, the authorities issued them a "flour ration certificate", which allowed them to buy cheap flour aided by the United States.

Si Tuleideng, the American ambassador to China, and Kadebo, the Consul General in Shanghai, made wild remarks, attacking the people of China for being ungrateful and biting off the hand that feeds them. On this basis, Zhang Xiruo, Wu and other famous scholars drafted the Solemn Statement of Teachers Hundred on June 17, 1948 to counter the slander and insult of the American government. At last, the statement said: "To show the dignity and integrity of the people of China, we categorically reject all handouts of the United States, whether purchased or given, which have the nature of buying souls. It is hereby declared that the following colleagues agree to refuse to buy American aid cheap flour and return the ration card unanimously. "

On June 18th, Mr. Wu came to Zhu Ziqing's home with a declaration for signature. Due to the long-term hardship and work fatigue, Zhu Ziqing was seriously ill and bedridden. At this time, Mr. Zhu Ziqing was seriously ill and had no money to treat him. Mr. Wu said to Zhu Ziqing: "Mr. Zhu's family is nine, old and young, and his life is particularly difficult. If he signs the statement, the economic loss will be greater than that of other professors. But I came anyway to respect your opinion. In short, don't be reluctant. "

"Mr. Wu knows my nature. In the Spring and Autumn Period, people who were honest insisted on not eating the food they came from and starved to death. Their pride was commendable and they were worthy of being a teacher. Therefore, I would rather starve to death than American-aided flour with insulting charity. " Zhu Ziqing said, propped up and sat up. Without hesitation, he picked up a pen and wrote the words "Zhu Ziqing" on the statement.

In the evening, Zhu Ziqing wrote the following sentence in his diary:

Sign the declaration rejecting American aid and American flour, which means that the monthly living expenses will be reduced by six million French francs. In the afternoon, I seriously thought about it for a while, and firmly believed that my signature was correct, because we opposed the American policy of fostering Japan, and we should not evade personal responsibility if we want to take direct action.

On June 21st, Zhu Ziqing asked his wife Chen Zhuyin to return the "flour ration certificate". The next day, he caught a glimpse of several flour tickets of the month on the bookshelf and immediately said to his wife, "Go and return them quickly, and take away half a bag of flour, which is clean and thorough."

In early August, Mr. Zhu Ziqing's condition deteriorated, and he was admitted to hospital for treatment. Unfortunately, he died on the 12th, and it was postponed to the 12th of August. Zhu Ziqing died at the age of 5. When I was dying, I opened my mouth and seemed to have something to say. Chen Zhuyin, his wife, leaned down. He labored and said intermittently, "One thing must be remembered. I signed the document rejecting American aid. No matter how difficult it is in the future, I can't ask for any more American aid flour."

Zhu Ziqing's refusal to receive American "relief food" shows us his great spirit of loving the nation!

Other

Zhu Ziqing warmly encouraged the students when he was teaching in The National SouthWest Associated University, but he didn't praise them easily. He often argued with the students over a problem. He once said humorously to his students, "It is not easy for you to convince me, and it is not easy for me to convince you. Even my wife refuses to accept it, although the spirit of democracy lies in persuasion."

Zhu Ziqing is very serious about teaching. He has specific regulations on the format of students' homework: the first page of the homework should be left blank, and the composition topics of a semester should be written down in turn, and the starting and ending pages should be marked for easy reference.

Zhu Ziqing is serious in his scholarship, and he never fills in the blanks. In 1934, at the invitation of Zheng Zhenduo, he wrote an article on Realism and Picturesqueness in one night. The material was based on Pei Wen Yun Fu, and it was written at the back of the article as "copying Pei Wen Yun Fu" because it was too late to check the original book.

When Zhu Ziqing writes, he likes to touch the paper with the tip of his pen, which is not fast. He often has to think carefully before writing, so after writing, he doesn't need to make any more cuts, and he becomes a good work. When he was in Tsinghua University, he could only write 5 words a day; Li Changzhi wrote a 15,-word paper one day, plus two essays.

Zhu Ziqing, Pu Jiangqing and others meet every Wednesday at 2-5 p.m. in the conference room of the Chinese Department in tsinghua campus, to cut and paste the Poems of the Past Dynasties and the Continuation of the Poems of the Past Dynasties, and set up a general introduction and miscellaneous categories, all of which are arranged according to the Roman alphabet. After half a year, the manuscript of the Poems of the Great Series will be cut and pasted.

Zhu Ziqing mentioned cicadas in Moonlight on the Lotus Pond. Some people say that cicadas don't bark at night. He consulted an entomologist and said, "We often make inferences from common experience. For example, some cicadas don't call at night < P >, and it is inferred that all cicadas don't call at night. "

On New Year's Eve in 1921, Ye.