What is the development history of rural cooperative medical insurance?

1. the formation and prosperity of rural cooperative medical care in China was established in the border area of Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia as early as 1994 in the form of health care medicine clubs and health cooperatives. The specific model at that time was the embryonic form of rural cooperative medical system. After liberation, the earliest manifestation of cooperative medical care was the health station in the period of agricultural production cooperatives in 1995. At that time, cooperative medical care was to provide basic medical services for rural population under the people's commune system and according to the principle of mutual assistance and economic aid for participants. In 1958, the coverage rate of rural cooperative medical care reached 1%, and in 1962 it was close to 5%. Although the Cultural Revolution brought China's economy to the brink of collapse, under the call of Mao Zedong's "putting the focus of health work in the countryside" and the praise of "good cooperative medical care", rural cooperative medical care miraculously entered the heyday of popularization. By the mid-197s, the coverage rate of rural cooperative medical care reached 9%. This system was written into the Constitution of the People's Republic of China in 1978. 2. Decline of rural cooperative medical system In 1993, the state re-launched a pilot project to restore and develop the rural cooperative medical system. In 1997, when the "climax" was restored and rebuilt, the Central Committee of China and the State Council put forward the idea of "actively and steadily developing and then perfecting the cooperative medical system", but in the reform policy of cooperative medical care, they still put forward the principle of "adhering to the principle of private assistance and voluntary participation". In 1998, the results of the "Second National Health Service Survey" by the Ministry of Health showed that only 12.6% of the rural population in China received some medical security, and the proportion of cooperative medical care was only 6.5%. The rural cooperative medical system has not really been restored and rebuilt, but has become increasingly declining. 3. Establishing the New Rural Cooperative Medical System (NRCMS) In order to reduce the economic burden of farmers' diseases and alleviate the problem of "poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty due to illness", in October 22, the Central Committee of China and the State Council made the Decision on Further Strengthening Rural Health Work, proposing to gradually establish a new rural cooperative medical system (hereinafter referred to as NRCMS) to meet the national conditions of China and the needs of rural economic and social development, and clearly establishing a new rural cooperative medical insurance system throughout the country. In January 23, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture jointly issued "Opinions on Establishing a New Rural Cooperative System", which stipulated the specific work of the new rural cooperative medical insurance, and carried out pilot work nationwide and gradually extended it to the whole countryside. From the pilot to the whole country, the participation rate has increased year by year, and it is getting closer to the goal of full coverage of the new rural cooperative medical system. The total amount of fund-raising has also increased year by year, which has gradually improved the risk resistance of the new rural cooperative medical system and enhanced its mutual assistance and economy.