What should you pay attention to when using punctuation marks?

(1) The period mark at the end of a sentence

Includes three types: period, question mark, and exclamation mark, which indicate a large pause after finishing a sentence.

1． Period (.)

Period is used at the end of a declarative sentence to indicate a pause after the declarative sentence is completed. For example:

① People across the country, especially young people, must seriously study and understand the history of the motherland, especially

the history of modern times.

②Please close the door. ③We must go back today.

④Night. ⑤Class is over.

No matter how long the sentence is, as long as it is a declarative sentence with a complete structure and independent meaning, a period pause should be used after the sentence. Use periods in imperative sentences with a soothing tone (such as

Example 2) and declarative sentences with emphasis (such as Example 3). Sometimes single-word sentences and sentences without a subject (such as Example 4 and Example 5) also use periods to express the mood of the statement.

Periods are also used.

2． Question mark (?)

Question mark is used at the end of a sentence to express a questioning tone. For example:

①Why did you come back so late today?

②Who is he? From where?

When using question marks, you should pay attention to the following points:

(1) Rhetorical questions and hypothetical questions are both doubtful questions. The former only asks but does not answer, and the definite meaning to be expressed is included in the question; the latter asks and answers itself in order to attract the reader's attention, but both are questions

- Questioning tone, so a question mark is used at the end of the sentence. For example:

③When the war was fierce, didn’t we once walk back and forth in the fields looking for weeds?

④Who created the human world? It’s us working people.

(2) Although a multiple-choice question contains two or more options, it is still a complete

-sentence that expresses a complete meaning, so it is only included in the sentence. Use a question mark at the end and commas between the items in the sentence

-, but sometimes in order to emphasize the independence of each option, you can also consider using question marks after each item

- . For example:

⑤Should you invigilate the exam tomorrow, or should I invigilate the exam?

⑥ What about standing in front of them and leading them? Or should we stand behind them and criticize them? Or stand on their opposite side and oppose them?

(3) Some imperative sentences expressing a euphemistic tone can also use a question mark at the end of the sentence. For example:

⑦ Could you please move your stool a little? ⑧Would you like to come over?

(4) In some question sentences, the subject and predicate are inverted, so be careful to put the question mark at the end of the sentence. For example:

⑨What’s the matter, you?

(5) Although some sentences contain interrogative words (who, what, how, etc.), they are not really asking questions,

- but express a declarative mood, so periods should be used . For example:

⑩I don’t know who he picked up at the station.

⑾I have nothing, but I don’t know what others think.

3. Exclamation mark (!)

The exclamation mark indicates a pause at the end of an emotionally charged sentence.

(1) Indicates the pause at the end of an exclamatory sentence.

① Once the roots take root, Bo Gongying is not afraid of being trampled and ravaged, but he still gets up again and again and blooms small

small flowers!

②Sing to welcome this glorious victory!

(2) Exclamation points are also used in imperative sentences with very strong tone.

③Sister-in-law Xianglin, just leave it alone!

(3) Use an exclamation point after a strong rhetorical question.

④How could it be said so badly!

(4) The exclamation mark can be used for single-word sentences, non-subject-predicate sentences with strong tone, and exclamations with strong emotions.

- sign. For example:

⑤ Long distance! ⑥Plane! ⑦Ah! You're on the wrong track.

(5) Exclamation points are also used after salutations, responses and onomatopoeia, and at the end of slogans and slogans, if there is

- strong emotion.

(2) Periods in sentences

Including commas, semicolons, pauses and colons, which indicate pauses and structural relationships in sentences.

1. Comma (,)

Indicates a pause in the middle of a sentence.

(1) In complex sentences, commas are often used within or between clauses. For example:

① Although the so-called memories can make people happy, sometimes they can also make people lonely, making the spiritual thread

still linger like the lonely time that has passed, and What does it mean, and I am working hard on not being able to completely forget it

This part that cannot be completely forgotten has now become the origin of "The Scream".

(2) The subject of the sentence (a complex phrase is the subject) is long, or the subject is short but needs to be emphasized, or

--when there is a modal particle after the subject, the subject Use a comma after it. For example:

②This huge blow and unspeakable grief almost knocked Wu Jichang down.

③He is our class teacher, Teacher Liu.

④You are so disappointing.

(3) The predicate of the sentence is the subject phrase. Sometimes there is a pause after the subject, so use a comma. For example:

⑤ Such stereotypes have long been opposed by Lu Xun.

(4) When the object of the sentence is long, use a comma in front of it. For example: ⑥I remember that she was still a naive little girl at that time.

(5) At the beginning of an adverbial sentence, use a comma after the adverbial. For example: ⑦In the blink of an eye, the four top leaders

- The pile of firewood is ready!

(6) Used between inverted sentence components. For example:

⑧Come out, you guys! (subject-verb inversion)

⑨ There are many lush trees growing on all sides of the lotus pond. (Attributive postposition)

⑩Our motherland is leaping forward at a high speed, along the road to victory. (Adverbial postposition)

(7) Used between parallel phrases. For example: ⑾Tongmuling, Huangyangjie, Zhushachong, Bamianshan and Shuangmashi are the five major outposts of Jinggangshan.

(8) Used after related words. For example:

⑿ He is not working very hard yet, but compared with before, he has made considerable progress.

(9) Some special elements in a sentence are generally separated from other elements by commas.

For example: ⒀Lao Li, our squad leader, went to Beijing to receive an award yesterday. (Appositive)

⒁What kind of class, or more precisely, what kind of class position one stands on, will have what kind of

ideal. (Insert)

2. Semicolon (;)

(1) indicates a pause between parallel clauses within a complex sentence. For example:

① I can’t bear to look at the tragic scene; I can’t bear to hear the rumors.

②With this style of work, if you take away self-discipline, you will harm yourself; if you take it away from teaching, it will harm others; if you take away guidance, it will harm the revolution.

If you take away the guidance, it will harm the revolution.

(2) Sometimes semicolons are also used in repeated sentences that are not parallel. For example:

③Citizens of our country who are over 18 years old, regardless of ethnicity, race, gender, occupation, family, origin,

religious belief, education level, property status, residence All persons have the right to vote and be elected within a certain period of time;

However, persons who are deprived of political rights in accordance with the law are excepted. (Transition relationship)

If you use a comma in this sentence, it will be difficult to distinguish the two meanings. If you use a period instead, it will

severe the coherent meaning, so use a semicolon .

④ I have been warned a long time ago, "Sir, I'd better write a little; Liu Hezhen loved to read his articles when he was alive."

(Used in causal sentences to express two meanings)

Some points to note when using semicolons:

(1) Single sentence parallelism requires a coherent momentum. Generally, commas are used instead of semicolons. For example:

① Treat your comrades as warm as spring, treat your work as hot as summer, treat individualism as the autumn wind sweeps away fallen leaves, and treat your enemies as if they are fallen leaves. The harsh winter is as cruel and unforgiving as ever.

(2) Parallel relative sentences, use commas instead of semicolons for shorter clauses. For example: modesty makes people progress,

- Pride makes people fall behind.

3. The pause mark (,)

The pause mark represents the smallest pause within a sentence, and is often used between parallel words or phrases, for example:

① (Director) introduced us to Dong Kun and the others hunted wild animals: foxes, raccoon dogs, badgers, otters, wild cats... there were many kinds.

When using commas, please note:

(1) If there are conjunctions "and", "and", "and" or "or" in the parallel words, it is not necessary

- Use the comma again. ("And" conjunctions are generally used between two-term parallel words or between the last two items of multi-item parallel words.)

(2) If parallel There are also parallel words in the words. Use commas for large parallel words, and use commas between small parallel words

-. For example:

②The explosion of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs, and the release and recycling of artificial satellites mark that the development of my country's science and technology

has reached a new level.

(3) Parallel words are used as predicates and complements. Instead of commas, commas are used between parallel words. For example:

③You must continue to make progress, become literate, and produce.

④This story is true and touching.

(4) Some parallel words are read without a pause or with a small pause, and there is no ambiguity. In this case,

- There is no need to add a period in the middle. For example:

⑤This is a completely unrelated matter.

4． Colon (:)

(1) Used after the salutation at the beginning of letters and speeches, it means to attract others' attention; use

- after "so-and-so said", Indicates that the following is a quote.

(2) Used after a general statement to indicate that there will be detailed explanations later or to indicate that the words before the colon are caused by

- the following words: for example:

①Spinning There are several ways to spin the thread: you can sit on a futon to spin, you can sit on a low stool to spin, or you can spin while standing up with the spinning wheel

raised high.

(3) Used at the end of a prompt to indicate what is to be said, what is thought or what is done later

- Analysis. For example:

②I think: Hope does not matter whether it exists or not.

(4) Used before explaining explanatory words. For example:

③...Marx discovered the development law of human history, that is, a simple fact that history is concealed by complicated ideologies: people must first eat, drink, live, and clothe. Then...

(5) is used before a summary to summarize the above. For example:

④ It was not until more than ten days later that I gradually learned that she still had a stern mother-in-law at home; a brother-in-law who was in his teens and could collect firewood; she lost her husband in the spring; he was originally He also made a living collecting firewood and was ten years younger than she was: that was all that was known about him.

The revealing effect of the colon must be exerted to the end of the sentence, that is to say, the colon must be at the end of the sentence, not just at the middle of the sentence. If you want to cover several sentences or a paragraph, you usually need to use sequence words or quotation marks. For example:

⑤... Party discipline must be reiterated: (1) individuals obey the collective; (2) the minority obeys the majority;

(3) subordinates obey superiors; (4) all The party obeys the central government.

⑥He continued: "It has been raining heavily here recently. Mom has gone to Beijing. Xiaohong has been admitted to high school."

Mark

Labels mainly indicate the nature and function of statements, including quotation marks, dashes, brackets, ellipses, emphasis marks, book title numbers, hyphens and

proper names.

1． Quotation marks (“”‘’)

(1) indicates direct quotation. For example: ① It immediately reminds people of Du Fu's poem: "Qun

- Mountains and valleys go to Jingmen, and Mingfei still has a village."

(2) means Highlight. For example:

② Indentured workers do not have the freedom to "do" or "not do".

(3) Expresses sarcasm and denial. For example:

③ "Do you want it to stay fragrant for a lifetime?"

④ Several "kind" bosses went to the market to collect some vegetable leaves and sprinkled them with salt. Dip, this is their rare delicacy.

(4) Indicates a specific title. For example:

⑤"Lu Chai Bang" is anxious to boil the porridge in the big pot.

(5) Sometimes used to quote idioms, proverbs, idioms, etc. For example:

⑥ "Like bathing in the spring breeze", well, the spring breeze makes people happy and exciting!

When using quotation marks, please note:

(1) When there is a quotation within a quotation, use double quotation marks on the outer layer and single quotation marks on the inner layer;

< p>- If there is a citation within single quotation marks, double quotation marks must be used. For example:

⑦ (An aunt) went on to explain: "When harvesting beans and sweet potatoes, badgers are getting fat. The meat is fragrant and oily. As the saying goes, 'eight pounds of badger meat and seven pounds of oil'." ”

(2) If the quotation is an independent sentence and the meaning is complete, put the dot at the end of the sentence inside the quotation marks. For example:

⑧I think of Jia Dao's poem in the Tang Dynasty: "Only in this mountain, the clouds are deep and I don't know where to go."

(3) The quotation is incomplete or the quotation becomes its own part of the sentence, at this time, the period mark at the end of the sentence (except the question

- sign and exclamation mark) is placed outside the back quotation mark. For example: ⑨ When writing an article, you should "find surprises in ordinary words, danger in common words, novelty in old words, and color in plain words".

(4) If the quotation has several consecutive paragraphs, use a front quotation mark at the beginning of each paragraph until the last

- a back quotation mark is used at the end of the paragraph.

(5) If you only express the general idea of ??what others said and do not quote them exactly, no quotation marks are needed.

2． Dash (----)

(1) means that the dash is followed by an explanation. For example:

① The boss or the handyman holds stacks of rosters and stands lazily in front of the main exit - a wooden barrier that looks like a ticket-cutting office at a train station.

(2) Indicates the progression of meaning. For example:

②Every year - especially during floods and droughts, these foremen with connections in Japanese factories...

(3) Indicates the conversion of meaning, Jump or turn. For example:

③"The dried vegetables are so fragrant----have you heard the news?" Mr. Zhao Qi said standing behind Qijin and opposite Qijin's sister-in-law.

④I didn’t want to go at first, but my mother-in-law insisted on asking me to go and see him again----what’s there to see!

(4) means speech prolongation. For example:

⑤We call out affectionately in front of Tiananmen: Zhou ---- Premier ---- Prime Minister ----

(5) Indicates a large pause or pause in speech. Interrupt. For example:

⑥Lu Shiping: Relative?

Zhou Puyuan: Well,----we want to repair her tomb.

(6) means to summarize the above. For example:

⑦ Make trouble, fail, make trouble again, fail again, until you perish - this is the logic of imperialism and all reactionaries in the world towards the people's cause, and they will never violate this logic.

(7) Used before subtitles. For example:

⑧Burning

----In memory of Giordano Bruno

(8) Indicates the enumeration and inheritance of matters. For example:

⑨ In the past five years, driven by reform and opening up, our country's national economy has continued to develop, and the overall situation is very good.

----The country’s economic strength continues to be significantly enhanced. ......

----The major proportional relationships in the national economy have been further harmonized, and macroeconomic benefits have been improved. ...

----The lives of urban and rural people have further improved. ……

3. Brackets (( ) [ ])

Brackets indicate annotated parts of the text. The comments in parentheses are relatively general and have no specific restrictions. Generally, there is no need to read them out. For example:

①The discovery of Chinese ape-man (full name "Chinese ape-man Peking species", referred to as "Peking man") in my country

is a major contribution to ancient anthropology .

②He cultivated many fragrant flowers, fed and trained many small animals. (He later took care of a female tiger in the zoo, feeding it milk by the spoonful every day.)

Notes in brackets should be immediately following the text.

The brackets are only part of the words in the comment or supplementary explanation sentence. This is called intra-sentence brackets. If the comment has punctuation, the last punctuation (except questions and exclamation points) should be omitted, (such as for example ①); brackets are used to annotate or supplement the content of the entire sentence. These are called brackets outside the sentence. If the annotation has punctuation, it can remain unchanged (such as ②).

Both brackets and dashes serve to explain, but their usage is different. When explanatory words are important, are part of the text, have a greater impact on the article, and must be read, use dashes; otherwise, use brackets.

4. Ellipses (...)

(1) Indicates omissions in quotations or quoted words. For example:

① At that extraordinary moment, in that memorable place, I heard singing for the first time: Come in February, the scenery is beautiful, and every household is busy farming. ...

②A very loud and anxious voice came from the receiver: "It's too late, please try to airlift...airlift immediately!"

(2) Indicates the omission of repeated words . For example:

③Kong Yiji whispered: "It's broken, it's broken, it's broken, it's broken..." His face looked like he was begging the shopkeeper not to mention it again.

(3) Indicates the omission of enumeration of similar things and ordinal words. For example:

④ (The field director) introduced us to the wild animal skins that Dong Kun and the others hunted: foxes, raccoon dogs, badgers, otters, wild cats... there were many types.

(4) means silence or thinking. For example:

⑤What is: No! Aunt Mei's body can no longer withstand the bumps on the road! Ouyang Ping:...

(5) means speaking intermittently. For example:

⑥He...pointed directly in the north direction, "Okay, good comrade...you...you bring it to..."

(6) Indicates language of interruption. For example:

⑦ "I don't have a lot of money, I have to sell these, and then go..." "Oh, you have built a Taoist platform, and you still don't think you have money? You now have a three-bedroom concubine; It's a big sedan with eight carriages when you go out, and you can't say that you're afraid, you can't hide anything from me."

(7) It means that the words are not finished and the meaning is not finished. For example:

⑧In so many years, he has not had time to listen to my report once. Prime Minister, Prime Minister, where can I report to you now? ...

⑨ But suddenly I received reliable news that Rou Shi and twenty-two other people had been shot to death at the Longhua Security Headquarters on the night of February 7 and 8, and he had been shot. Ten bullets.

That’s it! ...

When using ellipses, please note:

(1) The ellipsis means "etc." "etc.", so there is no need to use "etc." "etc.-etc." after omitting it .

(2) The ellipsis occupies the position of two characters, one to six dots. If a large paragraph or several paragraphs of text or lines of poetry are omitted, they can be represented by twelve dots, in a separate line, without a grid.

5. Emphasis marks (.)

Emphasis marks indicate words, words, and sentences to be emphasized, and the parts with emphasis marks must be emphasized. For example:

6. Book title number (" "< >)

The book title number indicates the name of a book, chapter, newspaper, play, song, etc. For example:

①"Middle School Students" ②"Chinese Newspaper" ③"The Sound of the Waves Are Still"

When using the book title number, please note:

(1) There is also something in the book title When there is a book title, use a double title number on the outside and a single title number on the inside.

(2) For example:

④ "Impressions after reading "The Story of Shi Zhongshan""

(2) When the title of the book and the title of the chapter are used together, write the book first Name, followed by the title of the chapter, with a spacer in the middle, and then the title number.

For example: ⑤ "Xunzi Encouraging Learning"

7. The interval mark (?)

It is also called the sound boundary mark or the reading mark. It is mainly used to abbreviate the month and date, the title of the book and chapter, the name of the poem (the name of the poem) and the title. Some Between the various parts of the national name, and in the middle of other words that need to be separated.

For example:

①"One, Two, Nine"

②"Qinyuan Spring Snow"

③"Seven Laws? Long March"

④"Liezi? Tang Wen"

⑤Vladimir Ilyich Lenin

⑥Wild horse? Mushroom circle? Marmot? Snow lotus

8. Connector (-)

The function of the connector is to connect things that are closely related in meaning into a whole. For example:

①China-Japan Friendship Association.

②Han Yu (786-824)

③"Jinan-Qingdao" luxury train.

④The development of human beings can be divided into four stages: ancient ape - ape man - ancient man - new man.

There is another form of connection number, that is, a wavy line (~), which is generally used to connect related numbers to indicate the beginning and end of the number. For example:

⑤ Usage and dosage: Take 2 tablets orally once, 2 to 3 times a day.

9. Proper names (-)

Proper names represent names of people, places, dynasties, ethnic groups, etc. For example:

① Xiang Yu, named in the book, courtesy name Yu, was a prime minister in the late Qin Dynasty.

Proper names are only used in ancient books or certain literary and historical works. In order to match the proper title, the title of this type of work can use a tilde (~).