When did the labor law stipulate special types of work?

Special jobs are different from special operations. Special type of work is not a formal concept, but a conventional name. Therefore, there is no formal definition of it in standards or regulations.

The former Ministry of Labor designated underground, high altitude, high temperature, heavy physical labor and toxic and harmful operations as special operations, and made it clear that the scope of special operations was determined by the competent departments of various industries or labor departments. .

199 1 year The definition of special operations is given in Article 2 of the Management Regulations on Safety Technology Training and Assessment of Special Operations Personnel issued by the former Ministry of Labor.

The Administrative Measures for Safety Technology Training and Assessment of Special Operators issued by the State Economic and Trade Commission 1999 partially changed the above definition, and made it clear that special operations refer to operations that are prone to casualties and have great harm to the safety of operators, others and surrounding facilities (such as electricians, metal welding and cutting, etc.). ). Personnel engaged in such operations are called special operations personnel.

State administration of work safety Order No.30 issued on May 24, 20 10, revised by state administration of work safety Order No.63 on August 29, 20 13, and revised by state administration of work safety Order No.80 on May 29, 20 15. Article 3 of the Management Regulations on Safety Technology Training and Assessment of Special Operators refers to Yi. The scope of special operations shall be specified in the catalogue of special operations.

The term "special operations personnel" as mentioned in these Provisions refers to employees directly engaged in special operations.

Provisions on the Administration of Safety Technical Training and Assessment for Special Operators (Order No.30 of the State Administration of Work Safety) was deliberated and adopted at the office meeting of the Director of the State Administration of Work Safety on April 26th, 20/kloc-0, and is hereby promulgated, and shall come into force as of July 6th, 20/kloc-0. 1999 07 12 the administrative measures for safety technical training and assessment of special operators issued by the former state economic and trade commission shall be abolished at the same time. The latest scope of safety training and assessment personnel for special operations personnel is hereby announced as follows:

1, electrician operation

Refers to the operation, maintenance, installation, overhaul, transformation, construction and debugging of electrical equipment (excluding the operation of power system into the grid).

1. 1 high voltage electricity industry

It refers to the operation, maintenance, installation, overhaul, transformation, construction, debugging, test and detection of high-voltage electrical equipment with 1 kV and above.

1.2 low-voltage electrician operation

Refers to the installation, debugging, operation, maintenance, overhaul, transformation and test of low-voltage electrical equipment below 1 kV.

1.3 explosion-proof electrical operation

Refers to the installation, overhaul and maintenance of various explosion-proof electrical equipment.

It is suitable for explosion-proof electrical operation except underground coal mine.

2, welding and hot cutting operations

Refers to the operation of processing materials by welding or hot cutting (excluding related operations stipulated in the Regulations on Safety Supervision of Special Equipment).

2. 1 fusion welding and hot cutting operations

Refers to the use of local heating method to heat the metal or other materials at the joint to a molten state to complete welding and cutting operations.

Suitable for gas welding, gas cutting, covered electrode arc welding, carbon arc gouging, submerged arc welding, gas shielded welding, plasma arc welding, electroslag welding, electron beam welding, laser welding, oxygen flux cutting, laser cutting, plasma cutting and other operations.

2.2 pressure welding operation

Refers to the welding operation completed by applying a certain pressure during welding.

Suitable for resistance welding, gas pressure welding, explosive welding, friction welding, cold pressure welding, ultrasonic welding, forging welding and other operations.

2.3 Brazing operation

It refers to the operation of using a material with a melting point lower than that of the base metal as the solder, heating the weldment and the solder to a temperature higher than that of the solder but lower than that of the base metal, wetting the base metal with liquid solder, filling the joint gap, and diffusing with the base metal to realize the connection of the weldment.

Suitable for flame brazing, resistance brazing, induction brazing, immersion brazing and furnace brazing, excluding soldering iron brazing.

3, high homework

Refers to the operation that is carried out specially or often at a height of 2 meters or more from the reference plane of falling height and is likely to fall.

3. 1 Climbing erection work

Refers to the work of erecting or dismantling scaffolding and spanning frames at high places.

3.2 Installation, maintenance and disassembly at high places

Refers to the high installation, maintenance and demolition work.

It is suitable for indoor and outdoor decoration, cleaning and decoration of buildings, erection of power and telecommunication lines, erection of overhead pipelines, installation and maintenance of small air conditioners, installation, overhaul and maintenance of various equipment and outdoor advertising facilities, and demolition of high-rise buildings, equipment and facilities.

4, refrigeration and air conditioning operation

Refers to the operation, installation and maintenance of large and medium-sized refrigeration and air conditioning equipment.

4. 1 Operation of refrigeration and air conditioning equipment

Refers to the operation of large and medium-sized refrigeration and air conditioning equipment in various production and operation enterprises and institutions.

Suitable for chemical enterprises (petrochemical, chemical, natural gas liquefaction, process air conditioning), mechanical enterprises (cold processing, cold treatment, process air conditioning), food enterprises (brewing, beverage, frozen or frozen prepared food, process air conditioning), agricultural and sideline products processing enterprises (slaughtering and meat food processing, aquatic product processing, fruit and vegetable processing), storage enterprises (cold storage, cold storage, cold storage, cold storage, cold storage.

4.2 Installation and maintenance of refrigeration and air conditioning equipment

It refers to the installation, debugging and maintenance of the whole refrigeration and air conditioning equipment, components and related systems referred to in 4. 1.

5. Safe operation of coal mine

5. 1 Electrical Operation in Coal Mine

Refers to the installation, debugging, inspection, maintenance and troubleshooting of mechanical and electrical equipment in coal mines to ensure the safe operation of mechanical and electrical equipment in this class.

Suitable for pit exploration, mine construction, underground electric tongs and other coal-related operations.

5.2 coal mine underground blasting operation

Refers to the blasting operation in coal mine.

5.3 Coal Mine Safety Monitoring Operation

Refers to the installation, debugging, inspection and maintenance of coal mine underground safety monitoring system to ensure its safe operation.

It is suitable for safety monitoring and monitoring operations in mine exploration, mine construction and coal-related mining.

5.4 Coal Mine Gas Inspection Work

Refers to the coal mine gas inspection work, responsible for the integrity of ventilation facilities and ventilation gas inspection within the jurisdiction, fill in various records according to regulations, and handle or report the problems found in time.

It is suitable for coal mine gas detection during coal mine construction and mining.

5.5 Coal Mine Safety Inspection Work

Refers to the work of coal mine safety supervision and inspection, inspection of safety facilities and safety production conditions in production workplaces, inspection and supervision and handling of corresponding accidents.

5.6 coal mine hoist operation

Refers to the operation of coal mine lifting equipment to transport personnel, ore, gangue and materials, and is responsible for inspection and operation records.

Suitable for operating coal mine hoists, including vertical shaft hoists, concealed vertical shaft hoists, inclined shaft hoists, concealed inclined shaft hoists, and opencast mine hoists for lifting slopes.

5.7 coal winning machine (roadheader) operation

Refers to the operation of shearer and roadheader in coal mining face and tunneling face, engaged in coal dropping, coal loading and tunneling, and responsible for the inspection and operation records of shearer and roadheader to ensure the safe operation of shearer and roadheader.

It is suitable for shearer and roadheader operation during coal mining and tunneling.

5.8 Coal Mine Gas Drainage Operation

It refers to the drilling construction, hole sealing, gas flow measurement and gas extraction equipment operation in order to ensure the safety of gas extraction in coal mines.

Suitable for coal mine, coal mine construction and mining, and underground gas extraction.

5.9 Coal Mine Outburst Prevention Operation

Refers to the work of coal and gas outburst prediction, collection and analysis of relevant parameters, implementation and inspection of outburst prevention measures, and inspection of outburst prevention effect. To ensure the safety of outburst prevention work.

It is suitable for the prevention and control of coal and gas outburst in coal mines, coal mine construction and mining.

5. 10 coal mine drainage operation

It refers to the work of coal mine drainage prediction, collection and analysis of relevant parameters, implementation and inspection of drainage measures, and effect inspection. To ensure the safety of drainage work.

It is suitable for underground water exploration and drainage in coal mines, mine construction and coal-related mining.

6, metal nonmetal mine safety operation

6. 1 metal nonmetal mine ventilation operation

Refers to the installation of underground local ventilator, the operation of the main ground ventilator, underground local ventilator and auxiliary ventilator, the operation and maintenance of mine ventilation structures, underground dust prevention, so that the normal operation of mine ventilation system, to ensure local ventilation, in order to prevent poisoning suffocation and dust removal and other operations.

6.2 Tailings operation

Refers to the operation of ore drawing, dam building, dam inspection, flood pumping and seepage drainage facilities in the tailings pond.

Suitable for tailings operation in metal and nonmetal mines.

6.3 Metal and nonmetal mine safety inspection operation

Refers to the work of safety supervision and inspection in metallic and nonmetallic mines, inspection of safety facilities and safety production conditions in production workplaces, and inspection and supervision of corresponding accident handling.

6.4 metal nonmetal mine hoist operation

Refers to the operation of lifting equipment for transporting personnel, ore, gangue and materials in metal and nonmetal mines, and is responsible for inspection and operation records.

Hoists suitable for metal and nonmetal mines, including shaft hoists, blind shaft hoists, inclined shaft hoists, blind inclined shaft hoists, and open pit slope hoists.

6.5 Pillar operation in metal and nonmetal mines

Check the stability of roof and slope of roadway and stope, pry pumice and support.

6.6 Underground electrical work in metal and nonmetal mines

Refers to the installation, debugging, inspection, maintenance and troubleshooting of underground mechanical and electrical equipment in metallic and nonmetallic mines to ensure the safe operation of mechanical and electrical equipment.

6.7 Metal and nonmetal mine drainage operation

Refers to the daily use, maintenance and inspection of drainage equipment in metal and nonmetal mines.

6.8 metal nonmetal mine blasting operation

Refers to open-air and underground blasting operations.

7. Safe operation of oil and gas

7. 1 Driller operation

Refers to the operation of operating a drilling rig to lift drilling tools in the process of oil and gas exploitation.

Suitable for onshore oil and gas drillers (including drilling drillers, operation drillers and exploration drillers).

8, metallurgical (non-ferrous) production safety operation

8. 1 gas operation

Refers to metallurgical and non-ferrous enterprises engaged in gas production, storage, transportation, use, maintenance and overhaul.

9. Safe operation of hazardous chemicals

Refers to the operation of hazardous chemicals process and the installation, repair and maintenance of chemical automation control instruments.

9. 1 phosgene and phosgenation process operation

Refers to the operation of phosgene synthesis, phosgene storage, transportation and factory use.

It is suitable for operations such as the reaction of carbon monoxide with chlorine to obtain phosgene, the synthesis of diphosgene and triphosgene from phosgene, the synthesis of polycarbonate from phosgene as a monomer, the preparation of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and the preparation of 4,4 "-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI).

9.2 chlor-alkali electrolysis process operation

Refers to the operation of electrolyzing sodium chloride and potassium chloride, storing and filling liquid chlorine.

It is suitable for the operation in the electrolytic production of chlorine, sodium hydroxide and hydrogen from sodium chloride (salt) aqueous solution and chlorine, potassium hydroxide and hydrogen from potassium chloride aqueous solution.

9.3 Chlorination process operation

Refers to the operation of liquid chlorine storage, gasification and chlorination reaction post.

It is suitable for the operation of substitution chlorination, addition chlorination and oxychlorination.

9.4 Nitrification process operation

Refers to the operation of nitration reaction, rectification and separation post.

Suitable for direct nitrification, indirect nitrification, nitrosation and other technological processes.

9.5 synthetic ammonia process operation

Refers to the operation of compression, ammonia synthesis reaction and liquid ammonia storage post.

It is suitable for the operation of energy-saving AMV process, Texaco pressurized gasification of coal water slurry, Kellogg process, methanol co-production from synthetic ammonia, soda ash co-production from synthetic ammonia, shift catalyst, zinc oxide desulfurizer and methane catalyst.

9.6 Cracking (cracking) process operation

Refers to the operation of cracking (cracking) post of hydrocarbon raw materials in the Ministry of Petroleum.

It is suitable for the process of producing olefins by thermal cracking. Heavy oil is catalytically cracked to produce gasoline, diesel oil, propylene and butene, ethylbenzene is cracked to produce styrene, chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22) is thermally cracked to produce tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC- 142b) is thermally cracked to produce vinylidene fluoride (VDF), and tetrafluoroethylene and octafluorocyclobutane are thermally cracked to produce hexafluoroethylene.

9.7 fluorination process operation

Refers to the operation of fluorination reaction post.

Suitable for direct fluorination, metal fluoride or hydrogen fluoride gas fluorination, displacement fluorination and preparation of other fluorides.

9.8 Hydrogenation Process Operation

Refers to the operation of hydrogenation reaction post.

It is suitable for hydrogenation of unsaturated alkynes and olefins with triple and double bonds, hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons, hydrogenation of oxygenated compounds, hydrogenation of nitrogen-containing compounds, hydrogenation of oil products, etc.

9.9 diazotization process operation

Refers to the operation of diazotization reaction and diazonium salt post-treatment.

Suitable for cis-method, reverse-phase additive process, nitrosyl sulfuric acid method, copper sulfate catalyst method and salting-out method.

9. 10 oxidation process operation

Refers to the operation of oxidation reaction post.

Suitable for ethylene oxidation to produce ethylene oxide, methanol oxidation to produce formaldehyde, p-xylene oxidation to produce terephthalic acid, cumene oxidation-acidolysis to produce phenol and acetone, cyclohexane oxidation to produce cyclohexanone, natural gas oxidation to produce acetylene, butene, butane, C4 fraction or benzene oxidation to produce maleic anhydride, o-xylene or naphthalene oxidation to produce phthalic anhydride, pyromellitic dianhydride oxidation to produce pyromellitic dianhydride and acenaphthene oxidation to produce maleic anhydride. 8- Naphthalic Anhydride and 3- methylpyridine are oxidized to produce 3- picolinic acid (nicotinic acid), 4- methylpyridine is oxidized to produce 4- picolinic acid (isonicotinic acid), 2-ethyl hexanol (isooctanol) is oxidized to produce 2- ethylhexanoic acid (isooctanoic acid), p-chlorotoluene is oxidized to produce p-chlorobenzaldehyde and p-chlorobenzoic acid, toluene is oxidized to produce benzaldehyde and benzoic acid, and p-nitrotoluene is oxidized to produce p-nitrobenzoic acid. Oxidation of cyclohexanone/alcohol mixture to adipic acid, nitric acid oxidation of glyoxal to glyoxylic acid, butyric acid oxidation of butyraldehyde and nitric acid oxidation of ammonia.

9. 1 1 peroxide process operation

Refers to the operation of hydrogen peroxide reaction and hydrogen peroxide storage post.

It is suitable for producing hydrogen peroxide, for example, by reacting acetic acid with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of sulfuric acid to prepare aqueous peracetic acid solution, directly preparing diacid peroxide by reacting anhydride with hydrogen peroxide, preparing benzoyl peroxide by reacting benzoyl chloride with alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution, and producing cumene hydroperoxide from cumene by air oxidation.

9. 12 amination process operation

Refers to the operation of amination reaction post.

It is suitable for preparing o-nitroaniline from o-nitrochlorobenzene and ammonia water, p-nitroaniline from p-nitrochlorobenzene and ammonia water, m-toluidine from the mixture of m-cresol and ammonium chloride under the action of catalyst and ammonia water, methylamine from methanol under the action of catalyst and ammonia water, 1- aminoanthraquinone from/kloc-0 and excess ammonia water in chlorobenzene, and 2,6-anthraquinone disulfonic acid. N- substituted phenylethylamine is prepared by the reaction of styrene with amine, aminoethanol or diamine is prepared by the ring-opening addition reaction of ethylene oxide or ethylenimine with amine or ammonia, benzonitrile is prepared by the ammoxidation of toluene, and acrylonitrile is prepared by the ammoxidation of propylene.

9. 13 sulfonation process operation

Refers to the operation of sulfonation reaction post.

Suitable for sulfur trioxide sulfonation, boiling dehydration sulfonation, chlorosulfonic acid sulfonation, drying sulfonation, sulfite sulfonation and other operations.

9. 14 polymerization process operation

Refers to the operation of polymerization post.

It is suitable for the production of polyolefin, PVC, synthetic fiber, rubber, emulsion and coating adhesive and the operation of fluoride polymerization.

9. 15 alkylation process operation

Refers to the operation of alkylation reaction post.

It is suitable for the operation of C- alkylation reaction, N- alkylation reaction, O- alkylation reaction and other technological processes.

9. 16 chemical automation control instrument operation

Refers to the installation, repair and maintenance of chemical automation control instrument system.

10, safe operation of fireworks and firecrackers

Refers to the operation of dangerous processes such as mixing, granulating, screening, charging, making, pressing and handling during the production and storage of fireworks and firecrackers.

10. 1 initiating explosive device manufacturing operation

It refers to the operations of crushing, batching, mixing, granulating, screening, drying and packaging of initiating explosive devices.

10.2 black powder manufacturing operation

Refers to wet powder, slurry nitrate, coating, debris, oil pressure, grinding, black powder coating and other operations.

10.3 fuse manufacturing operation

Refers to the operation of making, grouting, smearing and cutting fuses.

10.4 drug-related management of fireworks and firecrackers

It refers to the operations of pressing, charging, making, coating and drilling charged drugs during the processing of fireworks and firecrackers.

10.5 fireworks storage operation

Refers to the warehouse where fireworks are stored, guarded and transported.