The difference between vertical shaft, inclined shaft and transverse tunnel in railway tunnel and their respective functions

1, different constructors;

The inclined shaft of the tunnel is under construction of a long tunnel. In order to shorten the construction period, inclined shafts should be set to increase the working face, and other parallel pilot tunnels, shafts or inclined shafts should be set. Shaft is the general term for shaft excavation, shaft lining construction (permanent support) and equipment installation when mining underground deposits. The cross hole area is to shorten the construction period.

2. Different construction methods;

Shaft and inclined shaft adopt full-face excavation method. The horizontal tunnel area adopts the method of partial excavation.

Full face excavation method is a one-time excavation method. Generally, rock drill jumbo is used to drill holes, millisecond blasting and bolting and shotcreting support. There are also large ballast transportation machinery and ventilation equipment. Full-face excavation method has evolved into semi-face excavation method. Half-section method is that the upper part of the arc is led out and the lower part is constructed at a distance.

Local excavation method is a method of excavating pilot tunnel with small section in advance, and then expanding the pilot tunnel into semi-section or full-section excavation. The main advantages of this method are that light machinery can be used for construction, more working faces can be opened, and a certain safe distance can be opened between each working procedure.

3. Different construction techniques;

Vertical shaft and inclined shaft are in two adjacent intervals, and excavation and wall-building operations are carried out at the same time respectively. In the upper interval, build the shaft wall from bottom to top or from top to bottom. The transverse tunnel area is excavated by machinery.

Function of inclined shaft: Although the working face can be increased, it is necessary to build wells to increase transportation costs. There is no fixed format according to the actual situation. After the tunnel is completed, the shaft or inclined shaft is useless, and it can be used as a ventilation channel, sealed or locked according to the design.

The function of the shaft: the equipment in the shaft is convenient to arrange and the construction is safe. It is suitable for shaft construction with any diameter and depth, and bedrock construction with medium or above concealed solids and small water inflow.

Extended data:

According to the different construction sequence of excavation, wall building and installation, there are different operation modes:

1, tunneling, wall building and installation are completed at one time in turn. That is to say, in each section, tunnel excavation is carried out first. After building a wall, install it. This cycle, until the bottom.

2, excavation, build by laying bricks or stones wall and excavation, installation parallel operation into and at a time. Because the excavation time is roughly equal to the installation time, in two adjacent intervals, the excavation is first parallel to the wall-building operation and then parallel to the installation operation. The wall is built from bottom to top and installed from top to bottom.

3, excavation, wall-building, installation mixed operation, a well. Usually, the upper plate of double-deck hanging plate is used for shaft installation, while excavation and wall building are mixed. This operation mode can make full use of the operation space and time, and can hang the pipeline to be excavated on the installed tank guide in the upper well section. In order to reduce the lifting equipment on the ground, but the equipment layout in the well is complex, which requires high construction technology and organization management.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Tunnel Inclined Shaft

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Baidu Encyclopedia-Shaft Construction