Bai ethnic customs

What are the customs of Bai nationality?

The first is clothing.

Early men's and women's clothing was made of cotton. Older men usually wear double-breasted jackets, big-breasted dresses and trousers. Wearing a small hat with melon skin. Wear embroidered shoes with round mouth, tiger head, sea or lotus leaf. Young men often wear blue-and-white double-breasted clothes, black jackets with silver buttons, black and blue trousers, melon skin hats or Baotou and felt hats. Fasten your belt. Those who wear cloth shoes or embroidery on their feet are called bottom leather. By the early years of the Republic of China, young women had changed their clothes, wearing all kinds of big sister's dresses and red, purple and black robes, and embroidered all kinds of flower patterns with all kinds of wide and narrow lace. The silver piece is fixed on the sleeve skirt. Pants are black, blue and water red. Middle-aged and elderly women also have lace trousers. Girls wear black and blue clothes or embroidered vests. Wear embroidered shoes made of various fabrics. I like wearing silver and jade earrings and willow earrings. Bracelets include sliding labels, twisted wires, flat silver, jade bracelets and more gold and silver rings.

Married women tie their hair in a bun with red headbands, silver pins and jade pins, and some people even wear net bags. There is also a black cloth strip 4 inches wide and 1 inch long around the bun and the top. After 50 years old, the patterns of clothes gradually decrease, and more people wear short and wide clothes with big cuffs and big rows of buttons and knee-length clothes. This coat is covered with a full-rolled black jacket with a black and blue waist, which is matched with ordinary pants and the tip of boat shoes. Earrings and bracelets are only worn on holidays and as guests.

Secondly, marriage.

1, matchmaker's words: After the man's parents discovered the girl, they entrusted the media to propose marriage to the woman's home. When the woman's parents agree, they inform the man of the date of birth of the girl, and the man asks someone to "match the eight characters". If the marriage is combined, it means the marriage is settled.

2. Engagement: After marriage, the man chooses an auspicious day to "drink some wine", and the date is mostly on the second and sixteenth day of the first month.

3. Marriage: The date is mostly in1February or February, and it is divided into three days: lottery (killing pigs), formal marriage (being a guest) and returning to the door (thanking money).

4. Wedding ceremony: commonly known as seeking a wife. In the past, I used to ride a horse or sit in a sedan chair and play suona to meet my relatives.

5, recognize relatives: go back to the door to recognize relatives on the third day, that is, the first day after marriage.

Third, happy events.

1, full moon wine: This is a reward for the first baby after marriage. At that time, both male and female aunts and nuns will each send 20 eggs, 1 kg of brown sugar, 1 liter of rice and 3 feet of cloth. Congratulations to this man.

2. Good news: This is the third day after a woman gives birth. A husband should bring a bottle of wine and report good news to his parents-in-law.

3. Wear Baiquan: Children over one year old should go to the shrine of the main temple. Parents who are married and have many children are invited to wear longevity locks for their children, wishing them healthy growth and prosperity.

4. Building a new house: foundation selection and foundation excavation must be decided by the local authorities. On this day, wooden beams will be called great success and new couplets will be posted. Friends and relatives will give gifts and set off firecrackers to congratulate them, and the host will kill pigs to worship the land god, ancestors and Lu Ban and treat them for one day.

5, hold a birthday party: the old man lives to sixty flowers, and he should hold a birthday party for the guests.

Children often kill a chicken and put some cakes on their annual birthdays.

Fourth, festival activities.

1, Spring Festival: December 30 to the sixth day of the first month of the lunar calendar, which is a traditional festival of the Bai people, commonly known as the Chinese New Year.

2. The second year: Lantern Festival.

3. During Tomb-Sweeping Day and winter solstice, you should go to Fenshan to worship your ancestors.

4, Duanyang Festival: adults and children should wear five-color lines and drink calamus realgar wine to solve problems.

5. Torch Festival: On the evening of June 25th of the lunar calendar, chickens are killed to worship ancestors. After dinner, it gets dark. Light a handle, cut off the five-color thread worn by the whole family during the Dragon Boat Festival and put it into a torch for burning.

6. Mid-Autumn Festival: Also called "July 30th" is the "ancestor worship festival" of the Bai people.

7. Mid-Autumn Festival: Also called "Reunion Festival".

Verb (abbreviation of verb) taboo

1, taboo day: Don't drop by on New Year's Eve and New Year's Day, and don't blow fire. Women should avoid washing clothes and combing their hair. To build a house, you should hold a happy event, avoiding the parents' year, month and day. Don't pay tribute to the Buddha at the funeral. On that day in beginning of autumn, don't do farm work, and don't use knives, saws, axes, sickles and hoes.

2. Avoid people: If you die outside, don't carry it into the village and enter the home. You can only be buried outside the village. Don't go into the ancestral grave if you die abnormally. No outsiders are allowed to enter for one week after the "An Cai Gate". Women less than one month old are forbidden to enter his house. Before the old man is buried, the dutiful son can't enter other people's homes.

3, taboo: women avoid long hair and crying barefoot and going to other people's homes. Don't cry in other people's homes. Don't step on the threshold when you leave home. Livestock are not allowed to enter other people's homes.

4. No food: Pheasants killed on New Year's Eve cannot be eaten by outsiders.

Intransitive verb funeral

1, put a coffin to wake: in the late old age, funerals are usually happy events. Choose a good day, chant Buddhist scripture, and after relatives and friends come for a drink offering, you can go out for burial. Children should stay awake day and night when parking at home. During the transition, if you want to have wine and meat, please go to relatives and friends for dinner.

2......& gt& gt

What are the customs of Bai nationality? Bai people's living customs

The first is clothing.

Early men's and women's clothing was made of cotton. Older men usually wear double-breasted jackets, big-breasted dresses and trousers. Wearing a small hat with melon skin. Wear cloth round tiger head shoes or lotus leaf embroidered shoes. Young men often wear blue-and-white double-breasted clothes, black jackets with silver buttons, black and blue trousers, melon skin hats or Baotou and felt hats. Fasten your belt. Those who wear cloth shoes or embroidery on their feet are called bottom leather. By the early years of the Republic of China, young women had changed their clothes, wearing all kinds of big sister's dresses and red, purple and black robes, and embroidered all kinds of flower patterns with all kinds of wide and narrow lace. The silver piece is fixed on the sleeve skirt. Pants are black, blue and water red. Middle-aged and elderly women also have lace trousers. Girls wear black and blue clothes or embroidered vests. Wear embroidered shoes made of various fabrics. I like wearing silver and jade earrings and willow earrings. Bracelets include sliding labels, twisted wires, flat silver, jade bracelets and more gold and silver rings.

Married women tie their hair in a bun with red headbands, silver pins and jade pins, and some people even wear net bags. There is also a black cloth strip 4 inches wide and 1 inch long around the bun and the top. After 50 years old, the patterns of clothes gradually decrease, and more people wear short and wide clothes with big cuffs and big rows of buttons and knee-length clothes. This coat is covered with a full-rolled black jacket with a black and blue waist, which is matched with ordinary pants and the tip of boat shoes. Earrings and bracelets are only worn on holidays and as guests.

Secondly, marriage.

1, matchmaker's words: After the man's parents discovered the girl, they entrusted the media to propose marriage to the woman's home. When the woman's parents agree, they inform the man of the date of birth of the girl, and the man asks someone to "match the eight characters". If the marriage is combined, it means the marriage is settled.

2. Engagement: After marriage, the man chooses an auspicious day to "drink some wine", and the date is mostly on the second and sixteenth day of the first month.

3. Marriage: The date is mostly in1February or February, and it is divided into three days: lottery (killing pigs), formal marriage (being a guest) and returning to the door (thanking money).

4. Wedding ceremony: commonly known as seeking a wife. In the past, I used to ride a horse or sit in a sedan chair and play suona to meet my relatives.

5, recognize relatives: go back to the door to recognize relatives on the third day, that is, the first day after marriage.

Third, happy events.

1, full moon wine: This is a reward for the first baby after marriage. At that time, both male and female aunts and nuns will each send 20 eggs, 1 kg of brown sugar, 1 liter of rice and 3 feet of cloth. Congratulations to this man.

2. Good news: This is the third day after a woman gives birth. A husband should bring a bottle of wine and report good news to his parents-in-law.

3. Wear Baiquan: Children over one year old should go to the shrine of the main temple. Parents who are married and have many children are invited to wear longevity locks for their children, wishing them healthy growth and prosperity.

4. Building a new house: foundation selection and foundation excavation must be decided by the local authorities. On this day, wooden beams will be called great success and new couplets will be posted. Friends and relatives will give gifts and set off firecrackers to congratulate them, and the host will kill pigs to worship the land god, ancestors and Lu Ban and treat them for one day.

5, hold a birthday party: the old man lives to sixty flowers, and he should hold a birthday party for the guests.

Children often kill a chicken and put some cakes on their annual birthdays.

Fourth, festival activities.

1, Spring Festival: December 30 to the sixth day of the first month of the lunar calendar, which is a traditional festival of the Bai people, commonly known as the Chinese New Year.

2. The second year: Lantern Festival.

3. During Tomb-Sweeping Day and winter solstice, you should go to Fenshan to worship your ancestors.

4, Duanyang Festival: adults and children should wear five-color lines and drink calamus realgar wine to solve problems.

5. Torch Festival: On the evening of June 25th of the lunar calendar, chickens are killed to worship ancestors. After dinner, it gets dark. Light a handle, cut off the five-color thread worn by the whole family during the Dragon Boat Festival and put it into a torch for burning.

6. Mid-Autumn Festival: Also called "July 30th" is the "ancestor worship festival" of the Bai people.

7. Mid-Autumn Festival: Also called "Reunion Festival".

Verb (abbreviation of verb) taboo

1, taboo day: Don't drop by on New Year's Eve and New Year's Day, and don't blow fire. Women should avoid washing clothes and combing their hair. To build a house, you should hold a happy event, avoiding the parents' year, month and day. Don't pay tribute to the Buddha at the funeral. On that day in beginning of autumn, don't do farm work, and don't use knives, saws, axes, sickles and hoes.

2. Avoid people: If you die outside, don't carry it into the village and enter the home. You can only be buried outside the village. Don't go into the ancestral grave if you die abnormally. No outsiders are allowed to enter for one week after the "An Cai Gate". Women less than one month old are forbidden to enter his house. Before the old man is buried, the dutiful son can't enter other people's homes.

3, taboo: women avoid long hair and crying barefoot and going to other people's homes. Don't cry in other people's homes. Don't step on the threshold when you leave home. Livestock are not allowed to enter other people's homes.

4. No food: Pheasants killed on New Year's Eve cannot be eaten by outsiders.

Intransitive verb funeral

1, put a coffin to wake: in the late old age, funerals are usually happy events. Choose a good day, chant Buddhist scripture, and after relatives and friends come for a drink offering, you can go out for burial. Children should stay awake day and night when parking at home. During the transition, if you want to have wine and meat, please go to relatives and friends for dinner.

2......& gt& gt

Ethnic customs and traditional festivals of Bai nationality

Torch grab

March Street, also known as Guanyin City, is a grand festival and ceremony for the Bai people. The lunar calendar is held from March 15th to 20th at the foot of Diancang Mountain in western Dali. At first, it was full of religious activities, and later it gradually turned into a grand material exchange meeting.

Torch Festival is held in Baitun Village on June 25th of the China lunar calendar.

Around the three spirits, in the late April of the lunar calendar, for three or four days.

At the end of July of the lunar calendar, a three-day Shi Baoshan Song Festival was held in Shi Baoshan Shizhong Temple.

Jianchuan mule club

This main part

Butterfly club

Torch Festival

Zibihu Gehui

Hai Xi hai ge hui

The Chicken Festival is held at Jizu Mountain in Binchuan from the first day to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.

The sea fight will be held in Caitun, Dali on the eighth day of the eighth lunar month.

The Pueraria meeting on the fifth day of the first lunar month was held in Santasi, Dali.

Housing form

In the housing form of Bai nationality, most dam areas are "three long rooms", with huts with kitchens, livestock stables and yards, or tile houses with "one front and two ears", "three sides and one wall" and "four entrances and five patios", with bedrooms, kitchens and livestock stables separated. In mountainous areas, most of them are straw houses, "flash rooms", bamboo basketry houses or "wooden cribs" with stables upstairs and downstairs. Cooking and sleeping places are often connected.

marriage customs

In the Bai family, the son is separated from his parents after marriage. Bai people share the same surname and do not marry.

Young men and women of Bai nationality are relatively free in love activities. They usually use labor, fairs, festivals and temple fairs to talk about love, test each other through folk songs, express their feelings and find their Mr. Right.

White wedding

When a young Bai man woos a girl, the girl will give Baba to the man if she agrees. At the wedding, the bride will humiliate the room and make fish soup; On the first Mid-Autumn Festival after marriage, the bride will make a big cake to show her cooking skills. During the wedding ceremony, tea is served first, and then four or four seats are set (that is, four dishes, four plates, four pots and four bowls). Bai people are warm and hospitable. Whether at ordinary times or on holidays, if guests come, they must first offer Shen tea and pour it three times in a row. This is the so-called three teas. You can't pour tea for your guests. There is a folk saying that "wine is full of respect, tea is full of deceit."

Backmarriage is a popular marriage custom in the Bai area of Eryuan County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. At every intersection, fork in the road or place where people gather, the accompanying guests will stop and code the dowry into two piles, so that the groom can carry the bride around the dowry and wrap the word "8".

White wedding

The Bai people are monogamous, and the wedding is grand and warm. According to the traditional custom, on the wedding day, the groom and the boys must ride a big horse to get married. After the bride gets married, she should pay tribute to the elders at home and invite them to dinner. The bride and groom will accompany the guests to dinner. At this time, guests can ask the newlyweds questions or let them perform programs. The wedding was shrouded in cheers and laughter. The most distinctive thing is to light Chili powder at the wedding, so many people sneeze and cough in laughter, which is very lively.

There are three forms of Bai marriage: one is to marry the daughter to the man's house, which accounts for the majority; The second is to invite this uncle to the door. This situation is mainly because the woman's parents have no sons, and even if they have sons, they are stupid and sick, so they invite their uncle to come to our house. The uncle who comes to the door must be changed to the woman's surname, and then renamed by the woman's elders; The third is the form of returning to the door, that is, after seven days of marriage, the wife returns to the woman's house with her husband and curtains and bedding. Because the woman's family has brothers, but they are too young and their parents are old, so they have to "pack up" to support the elderly and take care of their brothers and sisters. After the younger brother grew up and got married, the man took his wife back to his home. These three forms of marriage have a long history and are still in use today. But no matter what kind of marriage, the wedding date and wedding process are basically the same. It's just that a woman marries a man, not a man marries a woman, and the roles of the two sides are reversed. When a son gets married, he usually separates from his parents and forms a small family. Parents choose who to live with, and most of them choose to live with their youngest son. Therefore, monogamous family is a common form of family organization for Bai people.

According to the custom of Bai nationality, if her husband dies, the wife can observe the festival for life or remarry, but she can't take her ex-husband's property with her when she remarries. In some areas, there is also the custom of changing houses. After the death of my brother, my sister-in-law can marry my younger brother, called uncle and sister-in-law, but this phenomenon is rare.

Daily etiquette

The Bai people are warm and hospitable, and taking the guest as the first is the etiquette of the Bai people. The guests came home and entertained each other with wine and tea. The famous "three tea" is the hospitality of the Bai people. However, Bai people usually only pour half a cup of tea, but they need a full cup of wine. They think that wine is full of respect and tea is full of deception. When you are warmly received by the Bai people, you should say "thank you" to show your gratitude.

Dear Chang

What are the holiday customs of Bai people?

Bai people mainly live in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province, and others are distributed in various parts of Yunnan Province, Bijie Prefecture of Guizhou Province, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province and Sangzhi County of Hunan Province.

Language and writing:

Bai people use Bai language, which belongs to Yi branch of Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. There are three dialects: southern dialect, central dialect and northern dialect. Most Bai people use their own language and are familiar with Chinese.

National art:

Bai nationality has a long cultural tradition. Many beautiful and touching legends and stories have been handed down to this day, such as Genesis, Burning Song Ming Lou and Wang Fuyun, many of which have been adapted into plays.

Religious belief:

National worship is equivalent to the master of village gods and believes in Buddhism.

National festivals:

Bai people have many traditional festivals. March Street, with a history of thousands of years, is the biggest festival of the Bai people every year, and now it is named March Street National Festival. There are also "Torch Festival" (also known as Chinese Valentine's Day) and other national festivals.

Every festival, in addition to the necessary holiday food, there are also sacrificial activities such as worshipping Buddha, offering sacrifices to heaven and ancestor worship. This festival is the biggest. Starting from the twelfth lunar month, every household should buy new year's goods, such as Niannian pig, grinding bean curd, bait and glutinous rice flour. On New Year's Eve, every host should bring food, tea and wine, and use trays to worship along the eight roads of heaven and earth, gates, wells, kitchen gods and ancestral tablets. Then the whole family has a reunion dinner. In the grand reunion dinner, a big copper hot pot is placed in the center of the table, and pig's head meat must be served, surrounded by eight bowls of meaningful Japanese food.

Sacrifice:

The Mid-Autumn Festival and the Festival of Sacrificing Heaven are special festivals, especially the Mid-Autumn Festival in July of the lunar calendar every year, which is a festival to worship ancestors and the dead. If it is a new funeral home, it will be even more grand. At that time, eight bowls of delicious dishes should be prepared, including thousands of pieces of meat, ribs, crispy meat, stuffed eggplant, lily, morel and stuffed fish. Each dish is not only exquisite in materials but also exquisite in workmanship. If they are immediate family members or in-laws, a banquet called "Three Drops of Water" will be held before the funeral to express their condolences. The so-called "three drops of water" banquet refers to three categories: fruits, sacrificial ceremonies (making dishes similar to phoenix fish and lions) and eight bowls.

Dietary customs:

Bai people are usually used to not having three meals. During the busy farming season or festivals, more breakfast and lunch will be added. Bai people in Pingba area mainly eat rice and wheat. Bai people in mountainous areas mainly eat corn, potatoes and buckwheat. Steaming is the main staple food, and dry rice is often eaten. When they go out to work, they take lunch boxes and eat cold meals on the spot.

Drinking tea is another hobby of Bai people. Bai people pay great attention to drinking tea twice every morning and noon. Morning tea is called "morning tea" or "hangover tea". It's baked as soon as I get up, and all adults drink it. There are "rest tea" or "thirst-quenching tea" in afternoon tea, and rice flowers are put in it like a milk fan, including children.

Most Bai people like drinking, and brewing is the main sideline of Bai families. Because of the different raw materials and methods used, there are many kinds of home-brewed wines. When making wine, more than 40 kinds of herbs are often used to make koji and brew various kinds of white wine, among which kiln wine and dry wine are traditional wines. There is also a glutinous rice liqueur, which is specially brewed for women and pregnant women. It is said that it has the functions of nutrition and lactation.

Marriage customs:

When a young Bai man woos a girl, the girl will give Baba to the man if she agrees. At the wedding, the bride will go to the kitchen to make "fish soup"; On the first Mid-Autumn Festival after marriage, the bride will make a big cake to show her cooking skills. During the wedding ceremony, tea is served first, and then four or four seats are set (that is, four dishes, four plates, four pots and four bowls).

Backmarriage is a popular marriage custom in the Bai area of Eryuan County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. At every intersection, fork in the road or place where people gather, the accompanying guests will stop and code the dowry into two piles, so that the groom can carry the bride around the dowry and wrap the word "8".

Etiquette:

Receive guests warmly, whether they know each other or not. All guests will be regarded as "three teas". Three teas are the most exquisite tea ceremony of Bai people, that is, tea is poured in three times: the first time is pure baked tea, the second time is added with walnut slices, milk fans and brown sugar, and the third time is added with honey and a few prickly ash. Therefore, it has the characteristics of bitterness, sweetness and aftertaste. When eating, the older guests sit in the first place, and the younger generation sit on both sides or next in turn. They should always add rice and soup to their elders and guests and wait enthusiastically. ...& gt& gt

What are the customs of Bai nationality? 30 points Bai people's customs and habits

Bai nationality is a minority with a long history and culture in the southwest frontier of China. Mainly distributed in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province, Lijiang, Bijiang, Baoshan, Nanhua, Yuanjiang, Kunming, Anning and other places, as well as Bijie in Guizhou, Liangshan in Sichuan and Sangzhi County in Hunan. According to the statistics of the fifth national census in 2000, the population of Bai nationality is 1858063. Use white language, belonging to Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman language family. Most residents speak their own language, and Chinese is widely used. "Wen" was used in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, that is, the so-called "Chinese characters were read for nothing". Bai people use Chinese characters to write, but they have their own language and rich literature and art. Good at managing agriculture and pickling azaleas. Three teas are a traditional way of drinking tea when Bai people in Yunnan entertain VIPs.

Bai nationality is an ancient nationality, which is related to the ancient Qiang nationality. As early as 1 century (Han dynasty), it was distributed in Erhai area. In the 2nd century AD, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up a county here. In the 3rd-4th century, due to the war, many Han people took refuge in the Bai area, and some of them merged with the Bai people. In 7 15, a large number of people of all ethnic groups who moved from eastern Yunnan to Erhai area merged with the Bai people. /kloc-Around the 0/4th century, many Han people stationed in the army lived here, and later they merged with the local Bai people. Later, some Yi and Achang ethnic groups were also integrated into the Bai ethnic group. Especially in Dali period, Bai people formed an ancient nation with the same language and culture, similar economic level and relatively fixed residence. After the Tang Dynasty, Dali surrendered to the central government and was more influenced by the culture and economy of the Han people in the mainland, and agriculture, handicrafts and commerce were further developed. By the Yuan Dynasty, it was already a very prosperous city. Dali has beautiful scenery and pleasant climate. In this beautiful and rich land, the hardworking and brave Bai people are famous for their long history and developed culture. The colorful local customs have attracted many tourists. Dali Bai nationality has a long history and developed culture. 1253, the Yuan Dynasty established a province in Yunnan and set up Dali Road and Heqing Road in Dali area. In the Ming Dynasty, it was changed to Dali House and Heqing House, and the policy of changing the soil into the stream was implemented. The Qing dynasty continued to follow the policies of the Ming dynasty, but appointed some local officials and chiefs in remote mountainous areas.

Among the ancient Bai people, there was a combination of music and dance. Genesis, a long poem circulating among the people, tells the story of Pangu's creation, and traces the equal life of the Bai people in primitive society, which is peaceful in the world, regardless of the rich and the poor, and food is the first thing for the people. Poems such as On the Road, Peony in Daci Temple and Cave of Heaven by Yang Qikun, a Bai poet in Nanzhao, are called "master-level" masterpieces and are included in The Whole Tang Poetry. Literary works such as Wang Fuyun, The Snake-bone Faustia, Zhou Guan, and Gouyuetou praised the heroes of the ancient Bai people in the class struggle and production struggle. Nanzhao's famous lion dance was introduced to the Central Plains in the Tang Dynasty, and Nanzhao's divine music was listed as one of the 14 pieces of music in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Diao is a widely circulated "3715" metrical poem (the first three sentences and seven words, the last five words). In the middle of15th century, some scholars used this folk song form to create famous poems, such as "Ci Ji Hua Shan Bei" written by Yang Nai. The Bai opera "Blowing" is a comprehensive art developed on the basis of the early "Big Ben".

Important festival

There are many Bai festivals, except Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Duanyang Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, just like Han festivals. There are also some festivals with strong national characteristics, such as Sanjuan Festival, Chicken Feet Song Festival, March Street, Yutan Festival, Transplanting Festival, Torch Festival and Shi Baoshan Song Festival, among which Shi Baoshan Song Festival is the most interesting.

(1) Shi Baoshan Song Club

On the third day of the seventh lunar month every year, thousands of She people from Jianchuan and surrounding counties such as Yunlong, Eryuan, Lanping, Heqing and Lijiang gather in the Shan Ye of Shizhong Temple, Baoxiang Temple, Haiyuju Temple and Jinding Temple in Shi Baoshan, Jianchuan, and even perform a duet featuring Bai love songs in front of solemn temple statues. Sometimes songs meet opponents, and they often sing in pairs for days and nights, which is inseparable. Songs will make unmarried young men and women who don't know each other become lifelong partners. Occasionally you can see the custom of "sexual intercourse" between young men and women left over from ancient times.

(2) White Torch Festival

Every year, the 25th day of the sixth lunar month is a grand festival for the Bai people-Torch Festival.

On this day, besides dragon boat rowing and horse racing, the most distinctive activity is playing with fire. Torches are made of dried branches or chopped branches; Every Bai village in Erhai Lake has a big torch. The firewood and work for burning the torch were organized by some families. They were very happy that year. A few days before the Torch Festival, several families got together ... ";

I think the living customs of Bai people are very interesting. I don't know much about them, so I can say as much as I want. There seems to be three kinds of tea when drinking tea, and there seems to be a kind of sweet tea and bitter tea. Then when I got married and held a banquet, the groom walked all the way with the bride on his back at the wedding scene and let the guests who came to the wedding pinch the bride. . . . . That's all I know. It's better to take Wan Li Road to read thousands of books. If you want to know more, you can go to Li Chu for a few days. . . .

Taboo customs of Bai nationality If a guest comes to visit at home, the host should listen carefully to the guest's conversation and can't rush in and ask questions. Men are at home, and women can't take the initiative to smoke, make tea and talk to guests. Invite eight guests at dinner. The host should not speak loudly on the railing of the dining table, which is a sign of respect for the guests. When eating, it is forbidden to dig a big hole in Zhenzi with a spoon, which means not to quarrel with food and treat people equally. Father, brother and younger brother can't eat on the same bench as daughter-in-law, sister-in-law and brother-in-law Don't drop rice when eating, otherwise the old man will say, otherwise the old man will say that he will be struck by lightning, which means cherishing food. When visiting, father and son can't sit at the same table, and men and women can't sit at the same table, which means men and women should be different. After eating, you should put chopsticks on the edge of your finished food. You shouldn't throw chopsticks everywhere, which means thanking your host for his hospitality. This kind of hospitality taboo standardizes people's behavior in detail, and enables people to develop good moral characters of respecting the old and caring for the young, being kind to their neighbors, being courteous, loving talents and cherishing things from an early age.

Bai's funeral customs During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the forms of "Dian" tombs of Bai ancestors included vertical cave earthen pit tombs, urn coffin tombs and round pit tombs. Xiangyun * * * existing "Gan Lan" heavy copper coffin; There are many stone tombs in Patel, Midu.

Bai people living in Bijiang don't need coffins after they die. They put the dead on boards, covered the houses with thatch and mud, and built graves. Two or three feet away from the dead man's head stood a double-knife chestnut workshop with a height of eight or nine feet. In addition to hanging clay pots and two sacks full of sacrifices, articles used by the deceased during his lifetime, such as crossbows for men and cloth racks for women, were also hung to express his condolences. In the following year, tombs were built with stone chips and stones. Leave a hole at the head of the tomb to let the souls of the dead in and out. About before the Ming Dynasty, the Nama Bai people were cremated, burned with fire, put their bones in jars and buried in family cemeteries. After the Ming Dynasty, influenced by the Han Dynasty, burial was gradually changed to coffin burial.

The funerals of Dali and Jianchuan have also changed. Before the Ming Dynasty, due to the influence of Buddhism, cremation was very popular, and later it was changed to coffin burial. When a man dies, he usually wears clothes, but when a woman dies, she must wait for her family to come in person. Stay in the mourning hall for about three days, and then choose a place to bury; During the suspension period, Taoist priests are generally invited to chant Buddhist scriptures and "cross over" the dead.

In Haidong area of Dali, the patriarch is in charge of the funeral after death, and the patriarch decides the scale of the funeral according to the social status and economic situation of the deceased family. Before the funeral, there are usually ceremonies such as laying silk books and reciting poems of the Bai family with strict rhythm, and some even have to "sacrifice the direction" to clear the way for the dead.

There are many types of tombs, generally called "one-story sedan chair" or "two-flower gate", and the poor only have to pile up soil for graves; The rich built tombs with "three monuments and four pillars" and "city gate cave", and there were stone men, stone horses and stone lions.