The slogan of the May 4th Movement: Abolish Article 21. What does article 2 1 mean? Which twenty-one articles?

The content required by Article 2 1 is divided into five parts. 1* * Article 4 requires Japan to inherit all German rights and interests in Shandong Province, which shall not be ceded or leased to other countries, and allows Japan to build a railway from Yantai (or Longkou) to Ji Jiao Road. However, Japan's aim is to expand its economy to Shandong Province, which also means taking Shandong Province, which is of strategic significance, as Japan's sphere of influence to prepare for the partition of China. Article 2 * * * 7 requires recognition of Japan's special rights in Nanman and eastern Inner Mongolia, and the Japanese have the privilege of living and trading in mines. The lease term of Lushun and Dalian, and the term of Nanman and Anfeng railways were extended to 99 years. However, the Japanese aim is to turn northeast China and Inner Mongolia into its colonies. No.3 * * * Second, it is required to change Hanyeping Company into a Sino-Japanese joint venture company. The Chinese side shall not handle it by itself, and personnel outside the company shall not mine nearby. In fact, China, the largest iron ore and ironmaking enterprise at that time, was to be manipulated and controlled by the Japanese. Circular 4 requires that all coastal ports and islands in China shall not be leased or transferred to other countries. In other words, it can only be monopolized by Japan, otherwise, Japan will intervene. Article 5 * * * 7 requires the China government to employ Japanese as political, military and financial advisers. Sino-Japanese joint police and arsenal. The construction rights of Wuchang-Nanchang, Nanchang-Hangzhou and Nanchang-Chaozhou railways were ceded to Japan. Japan has the priority to mine, build seaports, shipyards and build roads in Fujian Province. The Japanese have the right to preach in China and so on. Japanese imperialism's aggressive expansion ambition and scope of aggression have become obvious. In a word, "Article 21" aims to put China's politics, military affairs, finance and territory under the complete control of Japan and turn the whole China into a Japanese colony. This is not only a serious violation of China's sovereignty, but also a threat to the rights and interests of American and British imperialism in China. Yuan Shikai dared not accept it immediately and began secret diplomacy. In exchange for Japan's support for the restoration of monarchy, he held secret talks with General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Lu Zhengxiang, Second Minister Cao Rulin and Japanese representative Kaya Hioki. During the negotiations, the Japanese invaders increased their troops in the three northeastern provinces, Shandong, Tianjin and other places in the name of changing their defenses, and threatened to use force. On May 7, Japan issued an ultimatum, demanding that Yuan Shikai publicly acknowledge Japan's request and stating that he would "allow future negotiations on Article 5". Japan was afraid of causing interference from imperialist powers, and finally did not dare to adhere to the fifth clause. 19 15 1, Japan made unreasonable demands on the China government in an attempt to bring China's territory, politics, military affairs and finance under Japanese control. Kaya Hioki, the Japanese ambassador to China, called on Yuan Shikai, submitted 2 1 required documents, and asked the Yuan government to "keep it absolutely confidential and reply as soon as possible". Article 21 * * * is divided into five major items: ① It is recognized that Japan inherits all the rights and interests of Germany in Shandong, and Shandong Province may not cede or lease other countries. (2) Admit that the Japanese have the privilege of living, traveling, managing industry and commerce and mining in Nanman and eastern Inner Mongolia. The lease period of Lushun and Dalian and the management period of Nanman and Anfeng railways were extended to 99 years. (3) Hanyeping Company was changed into a Sino-Japanese joint venture, and people outside the company were not allowed to mine nearby. ④ All coastal ports and islands in China will not be leased or transferred to other countries. (5) China government hired Japanese as political, military and financial advisers. Sino-Japanese joint police and arsenal. The railway construction rights from Wuchang to Nanchang, Nanchang to Hangzhou and Nanchang to Chaozhou were ceded to Japan. Japan gives priority to mining, building seaports and shipyards and building roads in Fujian Province. The requirements of Article 21 have seriously damaged China's sovereignty, and Yuan Shikai dared not accept them immediately. Once the news came out, anti-Japanese public opinion boiled. European and American powers are unanimously dissatisfied with the Japanese aggression against China, and have criticized them one after another. Formal negotiations started on February 2, 2005, and the telephone number is 1965438. Japan lured Yuan Shikai to the front line by supporting him as emperor and threatened him with force in an attempt to make Yuan Shikai's government fully accept him. The anti-China patriotic struggle of the Japanese people is growing. Seeing the seriousness of the situation, Japan announced that the fifth project was a condition of hope, and it was advisory in nature. When a new case is put forward, the content is basically the same as one or four of the original requirements, only a few of them are changed to exchange letters. On May 7, Japan issued an ultimatum with a period of 48 hours. Yuan Shikai hoped that the intervention of European and American powers would fail, but he was afraid of offending Japan. When the Emperor failed to do so, he submitted a reply on May 9, saying that he would accept Japan's request except the fifth item, and the fifth item would be negotiated later. On May 25th, the so-called "Sino-Japanese Treaty" and "Exchange of Notes" were signed in Beijing. Article 21 was a unilateral "treaty" imposed on China by Japanese imperialism in order to annex China. The Yuan government later had to announce that it was forced to agree to this treaty because of Japan's ultimatum. Since then, successive China governments have not recognized it as an effective treaty. Article 21 19 15 years 1 month 18, the Japanese government and the China government agreed to maintain the overall peace in East Asia and hoped to further consolidate the existing friendly and good-neighborly relations between the two countries. The terms are as follows: Section 1. The China government promises to recognize all the sanctions that the Japanese government intends to reach with the German government on Shandong Province in the future, such as granting all the rights and interests to the China government. Section 2. The government of China promises that all the land and islands in Shandong Province and its coastal areas, regardless of their names, will not be ceded or leased to other countries. The Japanese government allowed China to build a railway connecting Yantai or Longkou with Ji Jiao. Article 4. The government of China promised to open the major cities in Shandong Province as commercial ports as soon as possible for foreigners to live and trade. The place where it should be opened shall be agreed separately. No.2 The Japanese government and the China government, because China recognizes Japan's superior position in Nanman and eastern Inner Mongolia, have reached an agreement on the following terms: Paragraph 1: The contracting parties mutually agree to extend the lease period of Lushun and Dalian and the railway period of Nanman and Anfeng to 99 years. Section 2. Japanese nationals in southern Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia can obtain the lease right or ownership of the land they need to build industrial houses or agricultural houses. Section 3. Japanese nationals can live and travel freely in southern Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia, and engage in various businesses such as commerce and industry. Section 4. The Japanese government has granted the mining rights of southern Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia to Japanese nationals. As for the proposed mines, they will be negotiated separately. Article 5. The Japanese government has promised to obtain the consent of the Japanese government before proceeding: 1. When other countries are allowed to build railways in Nanman and eastern Inner Mongolia, or borrow money from other countries to build railways. 2. When the taxes in Nanman and eastern Inner Mongolia are offset and borrowed from other countries. Article 6 The Japanese government promises that if it hires political, financial and military consultants to teach in Nanman and eastern Inner Mongolia, it must first consult with the Japanese government. Article 7 The Japanese government agrees to designate the Japanese government to manage and operate the Jichang Railway, which shall be valid for 99 years from the date of signing this contract. Third, the Japanese government and the China government, in view of the existing close relationship between Japanese capitalists and Hanyeping Company, and willing to enhance the interests of both countries, have reached an agreement on the following terms: Paragraph 1: The contracting parties mutually agree to regard Hanyeping Company as a joint venture between the two countries when there are considerable opportunities in the future; It also promised that without the consent of the Japanese government, the China government would not dispose of all the industries belonging to the company, nor would it make the company dispose of these industries at will. Paragraph 2: China government allows all mines near Hanyeping Company's mines not to be mined by anyone other than Hanyeping Company without the consent of Hanyeping Company; In addition, any behavior that may directly or indirectly affect the company must be approved by the company first. Fourthly, in order to effectively protect China's territory, the Japanese government and the China government have made the following provisions: The China government allows all ports and islands off the coast of China to be ceded or leased to other countries. Article 5.1 In the central government of China, powerful Japanese shall be employed as political, financial and military advisers. Article 2 Japanese hospitals, monasteries and schools established in Chinese mainland are granted land ownership. Paragraph 3: Police cases often occur in China and China, resulting in many accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to set up police as Japanese-Chinese joint ventures in necessary places, or employ most Japanese in police departments in these places, so as to plan and improve Japanese police organs. Paragraph 4: China buys a certain amount of ordnance from Japan (for example, more than half of the ordnance required by the Japanese government), or establishes a Sino-Japanese joint ordnance factory in China, employs Japanese technicians and buys Japanese materials. Paragraph 5: China agrees to grant the right to build railways from Wuchang to Jiujiang and Nanchang, and railways from Nanchang, Hangzhou, Nanchang and Chaozhou to Japan. Article 6 When Fujian Province needs foreign capital for preparing railways, mines and rectifying Haikou (including shipyards), it should first reach an agreement with Japan. Section 7. China recognizes the Japanese people's right to teach in China.