About airport surveying and mapping

According to the requirements of airport construction, surveying and large-scale topographic mapping in planning and design, as well as various measurements in airport construction.

The surveying and mapping contents in the planning and design stage include topographic mapping, runway measurement and clearance area measurement.

Topographic mapping The topographic map of the track (runway, taxiway, apron, etc.). ) with the scale of 1: 10000 or 1:2000 (see industrial building design survey) for general layout and technical design.

Runway survey will determine the selected main flight runway at the scene, determine the runway length according to the airport level, and bury permanent signs at both ends. A 400-meter-long main grid parallel to the runway axis and its longitudinal and transverse sections are established on the site. In the technical design, the topographic map of the runway with the scale of 1:2000 was drawn, and a surveying and mapping grid with a side length of 40 meters was established.

Measure and map the clearance area, determine the plane position of all obstacles in the clearance area by forward intersection method or electromagnetic wave range finder, measure the height of obstacles by trigonometric leveling method, plot them on the topographic map with the scale of 1:5000, and draw the clearance profile. According to the requirements of airport level for clearance, the runway shall be deployed from both ends to both sides according to the specified width and slope. And extend upward and outward at the slope and length specified by each section (including clearance obstacle limiting surfaces such as end clearance, inner horizontal surface and transition surface cone surface) until the end of end clearance; Draw a standard slope line. Surveying and mapping the plane position and elevation of obstacles with slopes higher than the standard, and drawing the clearance profile (see the obstacle restrictions near the airport).

The survey contents in the construction stage include the construction lofting and completion survey of earthwork, concrete works, special roads, water pipelines, power transmission lines, water collection pipelines and buildings. The longitudinal axis of the main flight runway is the main basis for setting out all roads, pipelines and buildings in the airport (see industrial building survey).

Measurement of earthwork migration and airport leveling In the earthwork migration plan, the earthwork volume in every 40m× 40m square should be marked, and the digging and filling zero line should be marked. After the leveling and rolling is completed, the airport completion leveling shall be carried out along the 40m× 40m grid, and the vertical leveling completion details shall be compiled, with the designed elevation, measured elevation and their differences marked.

The road groove construction survey includes the calibration construction of mileage piles, cross-section lofting, drainage ditch lofting under the runway, and road groove completion drawing.

Measuring runways and taxiways poured on concrete pavements are generally poured in rectangular or hexagonal slabs. The survey work includes foundation lofting, concrete block formwork lofting, track installation of grader, joint lofting and concrete pouring inspection. After concrete pouring and joint filling are completed, the concrete runway, taxiway and apron surface shall be leveled along each design section.

After the completion of the construction, collect the completion survey data of the airport runway, underground pipe network, oil depot and office building and other ancillary buildings (command post, aviation dispatching station, receiving station, launch pad, weather station, long-distance lidar navigation station, ultrashort wave directional station, short-range navigation station, radar station, blind descending antenna, hangar, etc.). ). And according to the existing survey control points, check and correct all the data, and compile the as-built drawing after collecting experience.