Who opened the first bank?

A bank is a financial institution that provides credit intermediary services such as deposits, loans, exchange, and savings. Different regions have different definitions of banks. It is generally believed that the earliest bank was the Italian bank established in Venice in 1580. Later, the Netherlands established banks in Amsterdam, Germany in Hamburg, and the United Kingdom in London. From the end of the eighteenth century to the beginning of the nineteenth century, banks generally developed.

During the Song Dynasty, banks and banks with usury and interest-free deposit businesses appeared in China. The first bank with modern characteristics was the Shanghai China Commercial Bank, which was established in the Qing Dynasty in 1897 (the 23rd year of Guangxu's reign). ) was established.

In 1848, with the British Royal Charter, the Shanghai Branch of the British and Eastern Bank opened. "So what is the earliest bank in my country in modern times?

1. The earliest bank opened by the great powers in my country

Before the Opium War, China's social economy was feudal small agriculture and family The natural economy is a combination of handicrafts and only old-style financial institutions such as banknotes and banks. It can be said that there are no banks in the whole of China. After the signing of the Treaty of Nanjing, the Qing government allowed five ports to trade, and the great powers dumped industrial products into China and plundered them. Tea, silk and other raw materials, in order to meet the needs of this ever-expanding predatory trade, foreign banks began to enter our country.

The first foreign bank opened by Western powers in our country was Liru Bank (Liru Bank). Also known as the Bank of the East). The bank was originally a British chartered bank with its head office in Bombay, India. It was originally called the Bank of West India. It later merged with the Bank of Ceylon and was renamed the Bank of Liru. In 1845, it moved its head office to London. During the Opium War, Britain was trying to expand trade with China. Liru Bank served as a financial fortress for British imperialism to invade China. In 1845, it first established a branch in Hong Kong. In the same year, the bank established its branch in Guangzhou; in 1848, The bank officially opened the "Oriental Bank Branch" in Shanghai. As a "chartered bank", Liru Bank received special protection and support from the British government in performing its functions as a colonial bank. It operated international exchange, issued banknotes and other businesses. It actively served the British aggressive policy and made huge profits in trade with China. In 1884, Liru Bank withdrew from China due to the failure of its investment in Ceylon, and its position in China was also taken over by the later HSBC Bank. Replaced. In June 1892, Liru Bank came to an end in London due to operating losses at its head office.

2. The earliest bank founded by the Chinese themselves.

After the Opium War, the West Countries have set up banks in China to carry out economic plunder, and China's social economy has gradually changed, requiring its own banks to mobilize funds. In November 1896, the Qing government supervised the National Railway Minister Sheng Xuanhuai to report to the Qing court, requesting "urgent establishment." Bank of China" was approved by Emperor Guangxu. In May 1897, the Commercial Bank of China officially opened in Shanghai. This was the first bank run by the Chinese. At the end of the year, it opened in Beijing, Tianjin, Hankou, Guangzhou, Shantou, and Yantai. Branches were established in , Zhenjiang and other places. At the beginning of the establishment of the Commercial Bank, the Qing government granted it the privilege of issuing two types of banknotes: silver yuan and silver liang. In addition to issuing banknotes, it also collected treasury silver and operated general commercial banking services. It played a considerable role in the development of China's large-scale industrial and transportation enterprises such as railways, mining, and shipping. At the beginning of its operation, the bank's actual capital was 2.5 million taels of silver, and its business developed rapidly. By the end of 1899, its deposits had reached 2.5 million taels. 3.97 million taels. During the period of the National Government, the Commercial Bank made rapid progress in absorbing deposits and issuing banknotes. In 1935, the bank suffered a run due to the excessive issuance of bank notes. The bureaucratic capital bank joined the "official stock" and was reorganized into a "government-business joint venture." ", thus becoming a bank controlled by the Kuomintang government. After liberation, the "official shares" were taken over by the People's Government; at the end of 1952, the bank merged with other banks to form a public-private joint venture bank.

3. The earliest official national bank

In 1905 (the 31st year of Guangxu), with the approval of the Finance Department, the Qing government established the "Household Bank" in Beijing. It is the earliest officially established national bank in my country.

In February 1908, the Longitude Branch (i.e. the Household Department before the official reform) approved, and the Household Bank was renamed "Daqing Bank". Daqing Bank was established in Shanghai, Tianjin, Hankou and other places. Twenty branches.

The Bank of the Qing Dynasty is a joint-stock company with a capital of 10 million taels of silver, divided into 100,000 shares, with 50,000 shares each subscribed by the state and private individuals. The management officials of the head office of Daqing Bank include: one deputy supervisor each, four directors, and three supervisors; each branch has a general office, manager, associate manager, accountant and other officials.

In addition to operating general banking business, the Bank of the Qing Dynasty also has the authority to issue banknotes and manage the treasury. After the founding of the Republic of China, the Bank of Qing Dynasty was renamed "Bank of China".