A brief discussion on water conservancy infrastructure and water-saving irrigation technology?

Let’s briefly talk about the specific content of water conservancy infrastructure and water-saving irrigation technology. Zhongda Consulting will answer it for you below.

Our country is a large country rich in resources, but our country’s economic development is largely restricted by the shortage of water resources and energy. In addition, water-saving irrigation technology is not only for saving water, but also responds to the "environmental protection" concept advocated by the current society, and is also the need for the development of modern agriculture. Therefore, water-saving irrigation technology is particularly important. In recent years, the state has increased agricultural infrastructure construction, increased policy support for farmland water conservancy projects, continued to promote farmland water conservancy infrastructure, focused on serving "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" and improving people's livelihood, and provided resources and funds to farmland water conservancy project projects. support, which better meets the needs of water conservancy construction. Water resources are unevenly distributed, and drought and water shortages remain severe.

Water-saving irrigation is an advanced irrigation method with high technological content and strict technical requirements. It must have a realistic, scientific and reasonable development plan, and it also requires a rigorous and realistic work attitude and effective methods. Work measures can ensure the quality of project construction and achieve good benefits.

1 Strengthen the construction of water conservancy infrastructure

Fully consider the overall planning of water resources, and combine the nature of regional land and existing basic building conditions to make the pipeline network layout more reasonable and complete. Make reasonable arrangements and gradually improve them to achieve sustainable development of regional resources. Make full use of the terrain conditions and reduce the amount of filling and excavation as much as possible while meeting the engineering technical standards. Use local building materials as much as possible to reduce project costs.

1.1 Principles that need to be followed during the implementation of infrastructure projects: Strictly follow the construction project procedures, coordinate and arrange all work, and try to avoid waste caused by uncoordinated work; Do a good job in quality work during the construction period to ensure The quality of each stage and process of the project must meet the standards stipulated by the state; the project construction must be carried out in strict accordance with the design requirements and the prescribed plan, and no one is allowed to change it. If there are any problems, it must be negotiated with the design unit and issued by the design unit. "Change Notice" is resolved; investment control focuses on design and preliminary work. During the implementation process, quality control and construction schedule control should be organically combined to achieve coordination.

1.2 Water-saving irrigation engineering measures. Project construction shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the "Three Systems", with strict management, careful organization, careful implementation, and strict control of project quality. The following points are mainly focused on: (1) Resolutely follow the water conservancy infrastructure construction procedures, implement new mechanisms such as the legal person responsibility system for engineering projects, the bidding system, the construction supervision system, and the project quality lifelong system, and openly, fairly and fairly select those with strong technical capabilities. Enterprises with high reputations undertake water-saving irrigation projects; (2) do a good job in construction quality supervision and implement a job responsibility system; (3) do a good job in inspection and acceptance of building material quality and construction quality, and strictly supervise and master all aspects of the construction process. Ensure project quality meets design requirements.

2 Water-saving irrigation technology in water conservancy projects

Water-saving irrigation is timely irrigation that follows the water demand mechanism of crop growth and development, and appropriate irrigation that reduces various water losses to a minimum. It mainly includes three aspects: engineering water-saving measures, agricultural water-saving measures, and management water-saving measures.

Commonly used agricultural water-saving measures mainly include: selection of drought-resistant and water-saving varieties, straw mulching, film mulching cultivation, intercropping of field crops, rolling mulching, reduced tillage and no sowing, adjustment of industrial structure, and the use of chemical agents such as Drought-resistant agent, water-retaining agent, water-increasing agent, etc.

The main water-saving irrigation technologies currently adopted in China include water-saving engineering technology, water-saving agricultural technology and water-saving management technology. The main water-saving engineering measures are: channel anti-seepage technology, low-pressure pipeline water transmission irrigation technology, micro-spray technology and various surface irrigation improvement technologies.

2.1 Channel anti-seepage technology: Channels are the main means of water delivery in most irrigation areas, and channel anti-seepage lining is the main measure to improve channel utilization. The anti-seepage effect of channels depends to a large extent on the lining material. At present, three types of materials are commonly used in various countries: rigid materials, earth materials and mulch materials. Rigid materials (especially concrete) dominate. At present, lining materials are gradually developing from single materials to composite materials, and the cross-section forms are developing from trapezoidal to arcuate cross-sections.

2.2 Low-pressure pipeline water transmission irrigation technology: Due to the high efficiency of pipeline water transmission and the small footprint and easy management, irrigation channelization has become a common development trend in various countries.

In terms of pipe fitting development, China has developed a batch of new pipe materials with good water conveyance performance and excellent mechanical properties. In terms of project planning, the use of systems engineering theory for optimized design has made project construction more rational and optimized.

2.3 Sprinkler irrigation and micro-irrigation technology: Due to the worldwide shortage of fresh water resources, all countries attach great importance to the research and promotion of the most water-saving sprinkler irrigation and micro-irrigation technology. Research on sprinkler and micro-irrigation technology in China began in the 1950s and 1960s, but it really took off after the 1970s. In 1970, the state listed sprinkler irrigation and micro-irrigation technology as a key research project, and organized water conservancy, agricultural machinery, agriculture and other departments to jointly tackle key problems. In 1978, the state included it in the farmland water conservancy capital construction plan, which effectively promoted the rapid development of sprinkler irrigation and micro-irrigation technology.

2.4 Surface irrigation improvement technology: The most representative research can be summarized as the following wave irrigation, surface moistening irrigation, negative pressure difference irrigation, membrane irrigation, water-saving agricultural technology. The United States, Israel and other countries use irrigation systems to simultaneously supply water and nutrients to crops, achieving synchronization of water and fertilizer, promoting the development of crops and improving water utilization. The United States and the former Soviet Union put forward many effective technical measures in reusing farming measures to regulate farmland water utilization, making full use of natural resources such as water, light and heat, and improving farmland productivity and water use efficiency.

2.5 Drip irrigation. Drip irrigation uses plastic pipes to send water to the roots of crops through the orifices or drippers on the capillary tubes with a diameter of about 10mm for local irrigation. It is currently the most effective water-saving irrigation method in arid and water-scarce areas, and its water utilization rate can reach 95%. Drip irrigation has a higher water-saving and yield-increasing effect than sprinkler irrigation. At the same time, it can be combined with fertilization to more than double the fertilizer efficiency. It can be used for irrigation of fruit trees, vegetables, cash crops and greenhouses. It can also be used for field crop irrigation in drought and water shortage areas. The disadvantage is that the dripper is easy to scale and clog, so the water source should be strictly filtered. At present, domestic equipment has basically passed the test, and areas with favorable conditions should actively develop drip irrigation. The semi-fixed and mobile drip irrigation system developed based on the specific situation of my country's large labor force and lack of funds has greatly reduced the project cost and created conditions for the promotion and application of drip irrigation in field crops and economically underdeveloped areas.

From the overall international trend, the focus of agricultural water-saving development has shifted from water-saving in the water delivery process and water-saving in the field irrigation process to biological water-saving, precise crop water control, and the science of water-saving systems. management, and pay attention to the close integration of agricultural water conservation and ecological environment protection, which also represents the development trend and direction of modern water-saving agricultural technology.

Conclusion

China is a country rich in water resources. Different regions have great differences in natural conditions, economic development levels, and crop types, so they have different needs for water conservancy. At the same time, China is also a country with a large population, and the rural population accounts for the majority of the country's population. The supply of farmland water conservancy is related to the stability of rural society and the country's food security. The reasons for the shortage of groundwater resources in our country are, on the one hand, a substantial increase in water demand, and on the other hand, unreasonable development and utilization of groundwater resources, resulting in serious waste. Economic construction and urban development should be adapted to water resources conditions. However, in many cases, too much emphasis is placed on needs while underestimating or ignoring water resources conditions. There is a lack of unified planning and comprehensive management of water resources, which intensifies the contradiction between supply and demand and causes the water resources gap to increase. big. my country is a large agricultural country, and agricultural water is the largest user of groundwater resources. 80% of water is used for irrigation, but since most flood irrigation is used, the effective utilization rate is only about 30-40% on average, resulting in serious waste.

When designing the farmland water conservancy system, people cannot just limit themselves to the efficiency of the system, but must broaden their horizons to China's special national conditions, and build farmland suitable for China's national conditions based on a careful examination of the basic premises of farmland water conservancy. water conservancy system. I sincerely hope that in the near future, farmers’ faces will no longer be sad due to irrigation problems. This depends on the efforts of the country, society and everyone. I hope this paper will attract enough attention.

For more information about engineering/service/purchasing tender document writing and production to improve the bid winning rate, you can click on the official website customer service at the bottom for free consultation: /#/?source=bdzd