How to obtain different types of plant resistance genes

The "disease-resistant ways" of plants and humans can be said to be completely different. When it comes to plant disease resistance, besides physical defense mechanism (such as stomatal opening and leaf appearance), the most important disease resistance mechanism of plants is gene-to-gene and defense hypothesis. One of these two ways is that the resistance gene (R gene) in plants recognizes the avirulent gene (AVR gene) in pathogens, and then causes the signal transduction pathway. Most of these methods are triggered by protein containing NBS-LRR domain, which is variable and used to identify pathogens, and NBS domain is responsible for transmitting signals.

One of the ways to obtain disease-resistant survival through transgene is to transfer the endogenous genes of plants, such as the excellent disease-resistant genes in wild rice for better rice strains (in fact, this is the way of traditional cross breeding), or to achieve the effect of insect resistance by transferring a gene in Bacillus thuringiensis that is toxic to pests and diseases (completely harmless to human beings, so the specific content will not be expanded).

2. The mechanism of human disease resistance is much more complicated, which is determined by a complete immune system. It is not only a simple disease that can identify pathogens alone, but also includes the memory function of immune system. The more important question is, how to carry out human transgenic? If genetic modification is to be carried out, it should be carried out in the embryonic period, which involves many ethical issues.

3. At present, the whole genome sequencing technology has become cheaper and cheaper, and some genetic diseases can be detected by these technologies. In the future, there may be a method similar to "plant transgenic" to find diseases and repair them in the early embryo.