Fire protection management in high-rise buildings?

With the rapid development of my country's economy and urban construction, the number of high-rise buildings is increasing day by day. Strict fire protection design and advanced automatic fire protection systems have brought the fire prevention and fire-extinguishing technology of high-rise buildings to a high level. In this way, can the fire protection work in high-rise buildings be worry-free? We know that no matter how advanced the equipment is, it still needs someone to manage and operate it. Facts have proved that if fire protection facilities are not well maintained and managed, safety systems are not implemented, and fire prevention awareness among cadres and employees is weak, fire hazards will still not be eliminated. Illegal use of fire and electricity are still the main causes of fires in high-rise buildings. Therefore, the main factors of fires in high-rise buildings are human factors and management factors. This article briefly discusses how to do a good job in fire management of high-rise civil buildings. Elaborate.

(1) Strictly check the fire protection design, construction review and engineering construction management of high-rise civil buildings

Whether the construction review and construction of high-rise building fire protection design comply with fire protection regulations should be ensured. It can not only reduce fire hazards, but also provide guarantee for safe use in the future. Its main tasks are:

1. Set up smoke-proof stairs or enclosed stairs, which not only ensures the safe evacuation of people, but also prevents fires. spread. Vertical shafts such as pipe wells and cable wells are all channels for removing fire. In order to more effectively prevent the fire from spreading to the upper floors, separation measures must be taken (generally every 2 to 3 floors) and blocked with non-combustible materials equivalent to the fire resistance limit of the floor as required. Pipe wells or inspection wells must be equipped with Class C fire doors.

2. The partition walls on both sides of the emergency evacuation corridor should be non-combustible, and their fire resistance limit should not be less than 1.00h. The suspended ceilings of corridors and other public movable parts should be non-combustible, and their fire resistance should be non-combustible. The fire resistance limit should not be less than 0.25h, and the decorative materials on the walls and floors should be made of non-combustible or refractory materials. If the evacuation walkway is a steel structure building or load-bearing steel structure, the surface of the steel structure should be sprayed with steel structure intumescent fire retardant coating.

3. The requirements for the installation of glass curtain walls in high-rise buildings are: the filling materials of window walls and window sill walls should be non-combustible materials; glass curtain walls without window walls and window sill walls should be filled with A non-combustible solid skirt wall with a fire resistance rating of not less than 1.00h and a height of not less than 0.8m shall be installed on the outer edge of the floor slab. The gaps between the glass curtain wall and the partition wall of each floor shall be tightly filled with non-combustible materials. For glass curtain walls without smoke exhaust facilities in the building, movable windows should be installed on each floor, with an area of ??not less than 3m2.

4. The ventilation ducts and air conditioning systems in the building should be set horizontally according to each fire protection zone, and vertically The direction should not exceed five floors. The vertical air duct should be installed in the tube well. The air duct should be located at the partition wall that passes through the fire protection zone, the ventilation and air conditioning machine room and the partition wall of the room with high risk, and the floor slab. The vertical air duct should be connected to the partition wall. On the horizontal pipe sections at the junction of each layer of horizontal pipe sections, fire dampers are installed on both sides of the deformation joint. Pipes should be made of non-combustible materials, and their insulation materials, sound-absorbing materials and adhesives should be non-combustible or refractory to combustion materials.

5. Control of smoke. First of all, we must reasonably divide the smoke prevention zones. The building area of ??each smoke-proof partition should not exceed 500m2, and the smoke-proof partition should not cross the fire protection zone. Smoke-proof partitions generally use heavy smoke-blocking walls. Partition walls or beams protruding no less than 0.5m from under the ceiling shall be used for division. At the same time, smoke prevention and exhaust facilities must be designed strictly in accordance with the requirements, such as smoke-proof stairs, enclosed stairs, fire elevators, basements, inner walkways longer than 20 meters, important rooms, etc. should all be equipped with smoke exhaust facilities.

6. A dedicated power supply circuit should be used for fire protection, and the distribution lines and control circuits should be divided according to fire protection zones. When the distribution lines of fire-fighting electrical equipment are laid in the dark, they should be laid in a non-combustible structure, and the protection thickness should not be less than 30mm; when they are laid in the open, they should be protected by fire-retardant coatings on metal pipeline troughs. Fire-fighting water should have sufficient water sources and must meet the fire-fighting design water volume requirements.

7. High-rise building projects should strictly comply with the requirements of relevant fire regulations and be approved by the public security fire supervision agency in advance. Fire management during construction must be carried out. Upon completion, they must be accepted by the public security fire supervision agency. before it can be put into use.

(2) Establish a fire management agency to carry out fire management work in high-rise buildings in an organized manner

Fire protection management in high-rise buildings is a comprehensive business and technical work, which involves Popularization and education of fire protection knowledge among cadres and employees; daily coordination and organizational management of various departments and units; formulation and implementation of fire protection responsibility systems for various staff; use, maintenance and upkeep of fire protection facilities, etc. To complete the above tasks, personnel engaged in fire protection work must possess various aspects of fire protection business, knowledge and management capabilities. Without an independent fire protection management agency, it is difficult to ensure the normal development of work and the smooth implementation of institutional measures. Therefore, fire protection work in high-rise buildings must have a scientific and modern fire management organization.

The fire management organization is generally composed of the security department, fire department, engineering department under the leadership of the legal representative and its subordinate fire administrators, fire watchers, equipment maintenance personnel, etc. The current composition and management forms include: the engineering department and the security department management system under the leadership of the legal representative; the fire management system where people and materials are separated under the leadership of the legal representative; the fire management system under the unified management of the engineering department; the fire department system under the leadership of the legal representative; Each of these forms of organizational management has its own advantages and disadvantages. Practice has proven that it is a more scientific management model for high-rise building fire protection management to adopt the management system of the fire department under the leadership of a legal representative. Each high-rise building user unit can flexibly use it according to its own actual situation.

(3) Establish fire prevention regulations and systems, strengthen fire safety awareness, and improve fire management levels

Modern fire management is marked by the establishment of sound laws and regulations, and we must act in accordance with the law. Management can overcome subjectivity, one-sidedness and blindness in work, improve the management level of managers, improve the fire safety awareness of all staff, and enhance the legal concept, thus greatly strengthening fire protection work.

Because the functions of high-rise buildings vary widely, their fire protection regulations are never one-size-fits-all. The formulation of fire prevention rules and regulations must be based on one's own actual situation and abide by the following principles: The formulation of rules and regulations must comply with the requirements of various fire protection regulations issued by the state and people's governments at all levels, and comply with various fire protection rules and regulations issued by relevant departments at higher levels. spirit; formulating fire prevention regulations and systems must properly handle the relationship between safety and operation. The system is formulated to ensure the smooth progress of various businesses and the safety of people's lives and property. It cannot just be about safety. Safety also has a sense of service. The rules and regulations must be authoritative and must be abided by by all departments and individuals unconditionally. The formulation of rules and regulations must be based on the actual situation of fire management in high-rise buildings, the regulations must be appropriate, and the requirements must be reasonable and rigorous.

Fire prevention rules and regulations mainly include: duty system; management system for fire sources, power sources, and flammable and explosive chemicals; fire safety inspection system, building fire prevention audit system; fire protection facility maintenance management system; key parts , fire prevention management system for various types of work; fire reward and punishment system; fire accident reporting system, etc. These are essential rules and regulations in fire management of high-rise buildings.

(4) Establish a voluntary fire brigade and improve the self-rescue system

Fire safety work in high-rise buildings cannot rely solely on one department or organization, but must rely closely on all employees Completed with the participation of colleagues, the establishment of eclectic voluntary firefighting organizations in high-rise buildings is an effective measure to mobilize the masses to do a good job in firefighting, and is a concrete manifestation of the implementation of the firefighting policy of "prevention first, combining prevention and firefighting".

Volunteer firefighters generally receive intensive training once or twice a year to familiarize themselves with safe operating procedures, be able to check and discover some fire hazards and resolve them in a timely manner, and understand the strategies and tactics for fighting initial fires. If a unit has a well-trained volunteer firefighting team, it can not only effectively prevent the occurrence of fires. Moreover, when a fire occurs, it can be dealt with quickly and correctly, extinguishing the fire at the initial stage to minimize fire losses.

The establishment of the voluntary firefighting team should be based on the principle of small but refined, which not only conforms to the nature of the voluntary firefighting team that is not off-duty, but also ensures the attendance rate of team members’ activities and training, and improves the training effect, while not Affect normal working order. The security department, fire department, engineering department, etc. have good personnel quality and high mobility. They have a good understanding of the fire protection facilities and equipment of high-rise buildings. They are also responsible for the fire safety of high-rise buildings, so they should become voluntary fire brigade. backbone strength.

(5) Establish fire prevention files and fire emergency plans

Fire prevention files and fire emergency plans are a management task for fire management of high-rise buildings and are also an important business construction . Establishing fire protection archives provides timely information to decision makers. In case of fire alarm, fire. This information can help analyze and investigate the cause of the fire and provide real and reliable evidence, especially first-hand information when determining who is responsible for the accident. Fire prevention files mainly include: basic information; fire equipment situation; fire protection organization situation; the names, formulation departments, formulation dates, implementation status, etc. of various fire protection regulations and systems; various registration forms; fire safety activities; public security fire protection Approval letters and relevant documents regarding fire protection work sent by the government agencies and superior authorities. The main contents of the emergency plan include: how to report a fire alarm, emergency measures to extinguish the fire, evacuation plan, etc. Every piece of information we record is isolated, accidental, and scattered, but when we conduct a comprehensive analysis of it, we can find out the inevitable internal connections and laws, allowing us to find the focus of firefighting work and improve Our fire management level. The fire emergency plan must be faced by all personnel, and personnel from all departments and units should be organized to study and practice it carefully to achieve familiarity and mastery.

(6) Do a good job in fire protection publicity and education, and enhance legal concepts and social responsibility

Fire protection publicity and education is an important aspect of fire management in high-rise buildings and an important step in the fight against fires. One of the means is to implement the mass line and do a good job in fire protection. There are many reasons for fires, but the most important factor is human factors. The vast majority of fires are caused by people's paralysis, illegal operations, careless use of electricity, and careless use of fire. Through publicity and education, people can enhance their understanding of fire regulations. Understand the importance and necessity of controlling fire by law, and enhance legal concepts and social responsibility.

Fire protection publicity and education in high-rise buildings should be based on reality and carry out various forms of educational activities according to local conditions and utilizing existing conditions. Publicity newspapers and periodicals, fire protection movies, closed-circuit television, cable broadcasts, slogans, banners, and cartoons can be used , blackboard newspapers, etc., and at the same time, we organize firefighting classes, firefighting classes, hold firefighting knowledge competitions, firefighting lectures, firefighting exhibitions, firefighting sports games, etc., to carry out all-round firefighting knowledge publicity and education, and strive to make educational activities vivid and all-round. , multi-level.

(7) Conduct frequent fire prevention inspections and eliminate fire hazards in a timely manner

In addition to having a complete fire management organization and establishing and improving fire protection regulations and systems, the fire management of high-rise buildings should also carry out regular inspections. Sexual fire inspection. Through various forms of fire prevention inspections, we can not only discover and eliminate fire hazards, but also publicize and implement fire regulations, enhance the legal concept, improve the fire prevention responsibility of cadres and employees, and implement advanced control of fire accidents to nip them in the bud.

The main forms of fire prevention inspections in high-rise buildings are: self-inspections of various departments and units: such as department or team inspections, night inspections, and regular inspections. Inspections of fire management agencies: such as mutual inspections, spot inspections, and key inspections. The content of fire prevention inspections should be focused on according to different departments, units and different seasons. Generally, the contents include: inspection of the production, storage, operation and operation of fire, electricity, flammable, explosive, chemicals and other important materials. Fire protection safety conditions during use; operation, maintenance and management of fire protection facilities and equipment; rectification of practical fire hazard problems; construction, education and training of voluntary firefighting teams; whether safe evacuation and emergency escape facilities are normal and easy to use; level by level Fire prevention responsibility system, post fire prevention responsibility system and implementation status; whether the fire protection publicity and education of cadres and employees, fire protection training and assessment of special types of work are taken seriously and in place; whether fire accidents are carefully investigated and dealt with according to the requirements of "three no-misses". In order to achieve an in-depth and detailed fire inspection and solve problems, an inspection can focus on one or two aspects. The content of the inspection should also vary according to the purpose and tasks of the inspection, and cannot be the same.

(8) The correct configuration of fire extinguishers is another guarantee for the fire safety of high-rise buildings

The configuration of fire extinguishers in high-rise buildings is not only an integral part of the building's fire protection design, but also an integral part of fire management Important content. Fire extinguishers are the most ideal tool for putting out first-time fires because they are light, flexible and easy to control.

With the implementation of the national standard "Design Code for Configuration of Fire Extinguishers in Buildings", the configuration of fire extinguishers is gradually on the right track. However, at present, the configuration of fire extinguishers in many high-rise buildings still exists regardless of the level of the place, the scope of application of the fire extinguisher, and unreasonable layout. , non-uniform and unscientific configuration problems have seriously affected the fighting of initial fires on many occasions. Therefore, fire extinguishing equipment must be fully equipped and classified according to the provisions of the "Building Fire Extinguisher Configuration Design Code". It should be arranged in a dry, cool and easily accessible place, and should be managed by dedicated personnel for regular inspection, replacement, repair and maintenance. This is of great significance to the fire management of self-protection and self-rescue in high-rise buildings.

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