What is the terraced field culture of Hani people in China? What are the characteristics?

China is a multi-ethnic country, in which Hani culture can best reflect the harmonious and unified relationship between man and nature, namely Hani terraces, which represent the innovative spirit of Hani people and are great masterpieces with unique craftsmanship. In the harsh living environment of the plateau, the Hani people not only overcame difficulties, but also created new things. It must be said that the Hani people are a wise and brave people, so today Bian Xiao will show you the terraced fields culture of the Hani people.

The ancestors of the Hani nationality first lived on the edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and lived a nomadic life. More than 1300 years ago, the harsh climate and living conditions forced Hani ancestors to move south, and finally settled in Ailao Mountain, and evolved from the original nomadic people to the farming people living on terraces.

The daily necessities of the Hani people have gradually changed from whips and saddles to agricultural supplies such as grain boats and wine pots, and the culture of the Hani people has also undergone tremendous changes: every year, there are activities to sacrifice water, and fish has become the food of the Hani people, and at the same time, it has become an ornament of the Hani people. Even in their legend, heaven, earth and people are all products of fish, and the whip once used to drive sheep was left on the road of migration by ancestors, leaving no memory.

In order to adapt to the climate and the overall natural environment of Ailao Mountain, Hani villages are mostly built on the sunny slopes of mid-level mountains at an altitude of 1400 ~ 1800 meters, which not only avoids the threat of hot and humid climate and boils in low-altitude valley areas, but also avoids the disadvantages of perennial transpiration and cold and humidity in high-altitude areas. The annual average temperature of Hani villages built on the hillside of the Mid-Levels is about 65,438+05 degrees, the annual sunshine time is about 65,438+0,630 hours, and the rainfall is about 65,438+0,000 mm, which is the most suitable for human habitation.

They dug a big ditch near the forest and intercepted all the spilled water. Then they built villages and open fields under the big ditch and used the intercepted water for terrace irrigation. The Hani people have dug 4,653 backbone ditches and countless small ditches in the mountains, and there are 662 backbone ditches that can irrigate more than 50 mu. Trenches, such as silver belts, wound around the mountains, ensured the water demand for rice planting.

Hani ancestors have accumulated rich rice planting techniques and experience on the long migration road. How to irrigate every terraced field from an altitude of 100 meters to an altitude of nearly 3000 meters is a difficult problem in water conservancy, engineering and management today. The secret of Hani terrace irrigation is natural water distribution. This method is fair, reasonable and scientific, and avoids disputes arising from water use. The Hani people have also formulated more than 20 rules according to the specific conditions, which are the guidelines for rational management of water resources, so that every terrace can be nourished in time, appropriately and equally.