Biography introduction

(1470- 1523) China was a painter and writer in the Ming dynasty. Tang Yin was born in Chenghua, Ming Xianzong for six years, when it was silver moon Yinri, so he was named Tang Yin, and because he was a tiger, he was also named Tang Bohu. Zi Wei Zi, Bo Hu, No.6 lay man, owner of the Peach Blossom Temple, etc. call themselves the first romantic talents in Jiangnan (see: Four Great Talents in Jiangnan). Wuxian (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) people. Born into a vendor's family, his father Tang Guangde and his mother Qiu had a bad temper when she was young. When they are young, they should be rich and share their wealth. Later, they went to Beijing for an exam. After they got out of prison, they voted for Ning Wang Zhu. However, when they found out that Zhu had rebellious intentions, they escaped and returned to Suzhou. Since then, I have never given up my career, devoted myself to painting and calligraphy, and have always been unrestrained. He is good at landscapes, figures, flowers and birds. His landscape paintings were studied by Chen Zhou in his early years, and then by Li Tang and Liu Songnian. He painted mountains and painted mountains with an axe, which was majestic and steep, but his pen was fine, his layout was sparse and his style was elegant. Figure paintings are mostly ladies and historical stories, inheriting the tradition of the Tang Dynasty, with clear lines, gorgeous and elegant colors, beautiful posture and accurate modeling; He is also a freehand brushwork figure, and his pen is concise and interesting. His flower-and-bird paintings are freehand and elegant. In addition to painting, Tang Yin also engaged in calligraphy, learning from Zhao Mengfu, and his calligraphy style was fantastic and handsome. There are some paintings that have been handed down from generation to generation, such as Riding a Donkey to Home, Singing in the Mountain Road, Mingming, Uncle Wang's Palace Prostitute, Li Duanduanju, Autumn Wind and Fan, and Qiuci Cuan.

Tang Yin is also very accomplished in literature. Palace poetry is full of travel, painting and sentimental works, which can not only express the wild and detached state of mind, but also express the indifference to the world. Slang and slang are used in poetry, which is easy to understand and simple in meaning. He wrote the Collection of Six Confucian Laymen, and the Qing Dynasty compiled the Complete Works of Six Confucian Laymen.

Luo (about 6 19 ~ 687) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Word sightseeing, Wuzhou Yiwu people (now Yiwu, China, Zhejiang) people. Poets in the early Tang Dynasty, together with Yang Jiong and Lu, were called the four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty. Also known as "Luo Fu" with Fu Jiamo.

His father, the magistrate of Bochang County in Qingzhou, died anywhere. He can write poetry at the age of seven and is known as a "child prodigy". It is said that the poem of chanting geese was written at this time: "Wild goose, wild goose, wild goose, Xiang Tiange's crooked neck, white hair floating green water, red palm clearing waves." After his father died, he lived in Boshan, then moved to Xianqiu County, Yanzhou, and spent his early years in poverty. Yonghui (650 ~ 655) is a man of Tao Wang Li, who told him to display his talents. He was ashamed to show off and resigned. After worshipping Li Lang, he was a meticulous Dongtai bachelor. He was demoted for something, joined the army in the western regions and defended the border for a long time. After entering Shu, he lived under the door of Li Yijun, the general manager of Yaozhou Road, and put down the barbarian rebellion. I paid tribute to Lu when I was in Shu. In the third year of Yifeng (678), he was transferred to the martial arts master book and Chang 'an master book, and then Chang 'an master book entered the court as a counselor. When Wu Zetian was in power, Luo wrote many articles satirizing, offending and being jailed. Aro political prisoner listened to cicada, and there was a cloud: "His flight went through the fog heavily, and his pure voice was drowned in the windy world. Who knows if he is still singing? Who is the heart of the watch? " Express grief and indignation. The next year, I was released because I was forgiven. In the second year of Diao Lu (680), he became a county magistrate in Linhai, who was known as Luo Linhai. Abandoning the official and traveling to Guangling, he wrote a poem: "The sword thinks of Chu, and the golden vertebra promises to report to Korea." In the year of Hei Shengyuan (684), Wu Zetian abandoned Zhongzong to stand on her own feet. In September this year, (Li) opposed it in Yangzhou. As a member of the Xu family, he was appointed as a literary and art official in charge of confidential documents. He drafted the famous "Begging for the Wu Family" (that is, "Li Shichuan"): "The class moves the crowd, the north wind rises, the shock wave rushes south and draws a level, the mountains collapse silently, and the wind and cloud become angry and arrogant. You use this to defeat the enemy, why can't the enemy be destroyed, why can't you use this to make contributions? ..... Please see who owns the world today! " Passionate, swallowing mountains and rivers. When Wu Zetian read, "How can a six-foot orphan be entrusted with a handful of dirt?" The emperor asked, "Who will do it?" Or with the guest king, Wu Zetian sighed, "Did the Prime Minister get this person or lose this person?" In June 65438, Xu Jingye was defeated and killed, and the whereabouts of King Robin were unknown. Zi Jian said that he and Li were killed at the same time, and he threw himself into the river. The Book of the New Tang Dynasty says that he "put all his eggs in one basket and doesn't know what to do", while Meng Gui's Poem of Skill says: "If he loses his job, he will flee with the guest and the king, but he can't catch it. Worried that something would happen to the general who lost the grand prize. Tens of thousands of people died at that time. For those who want to kill two people, please submit this letter first. Although I knew I wouldn't die, I didn't dare to catch it. So he is a dedicated monk in Hengshan, and he is still a pawn in his nineties. The guest king also lost his hair and traveled all over the famous mountains. To Lingyin, he died at the age of one. "

Among the four outstanding poets, he wrote the most poems. He is especially good at seven-character poems, and his masterpiece "Landscape" is a rare novel in the early Tang Dynasty, which was considered as a swan song at that time. Luo also guarded the border town for a long time and wrote many frontier poems, "The phoenix is fascinated by the new moon in the evening, and the new melon shines in the autumn." The stove fire goes through the army wall, and the smoke is upstairs. "Have lofty aspirations, kind knowledge and experience. After Tang Zhongzong was reset, he asked Tam for a letter and got hundreds of articles. There are many collections of Luo's poems collected by later generations, among which Chen Xijin's Notes on Luo Linhai's Collected Works is the most complete.

Both he and Lu are good at seven-character poems, which are "brilliant and profound in organization" and "good at what" (Hu Zhenheng's Tang Yin Gui Qian). At that time, his long narrative poem "Landscape" was a masterpiece, while "Past Story", "Lu Aiguo" and "A Generation of Female Taoist Wang Zhi Taoist Li Rong" also had the significance of the times, often with rich and magnificent verbs, lyrical narration and flexible forms. This poetic style, which evolved from Xiao Fu in the Six Dynasties, absorbed the structure of windmills in Yuefu in the Six Dynasties and the antithesis and rhythm of developing modern poetry. The words are neat and smooth, the syllables are harmonious, full of sound, meaning and emotion, strong in appeal and easy to sing. In the Ming Dynasty, He Jingming's Four Sons in the Early Tang Dynasty said that "syllables can often be sung" (preface to the bright moon collection), which means this. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Zhang, Wang Wei and Gao, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi in the middle Tang Dynasty, Zheng and Wei Zhuang in the late Tang Dynasty and Wu in the Qing Dynasty all developed along this clue.

There are many excellent works of Wang Luobin's Five Laws. For example, The Political Prisoner Listening to Cicada is a well-known masterpiece, full of enthusiasm and deep feelings. Sending Zheng Shaofu into Liao expressed the optimistic fighting spirit of contributing to the country, which was elegant and beautiful, and the words were gorgeous and lively. Except that the tone of the poem is not harmonious and the form of the law is not yet mature, it is not inferior to Yang Jiong's Joining the Army and Purple Horse. There are only 20 words in quatrains, such as "Giving People away from Yishui" and "Climbing the Tower in the Army", which are full of lofty aspirations, stirring the stormy atmosphere and revealing the poet's personality, which is also rare in quatrains in the early Tang Dynasty.

The "Four Masters" are equally famous, originally called poetry. Their parallel prose is brilliant and rich in words, with a fresh and elegant atmosphere. Whether lyrical, reasoning or narrative, they can be as fluent as the tongue, which is obviously different from the style of writing that blindly pursues formal beauty in the late Six Dynasties. Wang's Biography, which represents Li, is one of the most famous works that can represent the new trend of this era and spread widely. Based on the feudal loyalty festival, it called on people to rise up against the Wu Zhou Dynasty under construction. Full of momentum and affectionate writing. Among them, the phrase "one □ the land is not withered, and six feet are lonely" can quite stimulate the nostalgia of the old ministers in the Tang Dynasty. It is said that Wu Hou was moved by these two words and asked, "Who did it?" Or a guest king. That's right. Later, he said, "Prime Minister, don't lose this man!" (The Book of the New Tang Dynasty) shows his talent in politics and literature, and even Wu Zetian, who is arrogant in hostility, is impressed by it.

Robin Wang Ji was originally edited by Zang Yunqing in Zhongdi Middle School, with a volume of 10, and its book has been lost. There were four volumes, six volumes and 10 volumes popular in Ming and Qing dynasties, and the collected articles were similar, all of which were re-edited by later generations. Chen Xijin's Collection of Notes on Luo Linhai was published in the Qing Dynasty, which is the most perfect and has a printout by Zhonghua Book Company. See the old and new Tang Shu for deeds.

Ji Kang, whose real name is Xi, was born in Huiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). His ancestors avoided enmity and moved to Guo nephew county (now southwest of Suxian County, Anhui Province) and changed their surname to Ji. ("Ji", to commemorate the ancestral home Lenovo "Ji"). The leader of "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". Chun Hou was a famous poet and musician in the late Wei Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period, and he was one of the representatives of metaphysics at that time. Childhood bereavement, inspirational and diligent. Married to the owner of Changle Pavilion (one is the granddaughter of Cao Cao and the daughter of Cao Lin; Cao Cao's great-granddaughter, Cao Lin's granddaughter) is a concubine. When Cao Shi was in power, she worked as a scattered doctor. Si Mazhao wanted to win over Ji Kang, but Ji Kang tended to be on the royal side in the political struggle at that time and took an uncooperative attitude towards Sima Shi, so he was quite jealous. Zhong Hui, Si Mazhao's confidant, wanted to make friends with Ji Kang, but he was given a cold shoulder. Since then, he has made a feud. Ji Kang's friend Lu An was falsely accused by his brother as unfilial. Ji Kang came forward to defend Lu, and Zhong Hui advised him to take the opportunity to get rid of Lu and Ji. At that time, 3,000 Thai students asked for forgiveness of Ji Kang and were willing to worship him as a teacher, but they were rejected. When he died, Ji Kang looked as cool as a cucumber. Play "Guangling San" and die calmly.

Ji Kang was born in a poor family, and often worked with Xiang Embroidery to strike the iron in the shade, not to make a living, but to follow his own wishes. Your son Zhong Hui is brilliant and eloquent. One day, Zhong will come to visit and bring a large number of officials. Seeing this scene, Ji Kang was disgusted. He ignored him and just bowed his head and worked. Zhong Hui has stayed for a long time, and he is dissatisfied. At this moment, Ji Kang spoke: "What did you hear?" What did you see and where did you go? "Zhong Hui immediately replied," as soon as I heard it, I saw it and left. "Then I left. Later, Zhong Hui hated Ji Kang's guts and often spoke ill of him in front of Si Mazhao.

According to Liu Ji's Qin Yi, Ji Kang learned Guangling San from Du Kui's son Dumont. Ji Kang likes this song very much and often plays it, which attracts many people to ask for advice, but Ji Kang never teaches it. After Sima Shi came to power, he refused to agree with his rule. He, Ruan Ji, Xiang Embroidery, Dan Tao, Liu Ling, Ruan Xian and Wang Rong were also called "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest" and fought against Sima Shi, who was later killed at the age of 40. Before he was executed, 3000 students pleaded for him, but they were not allowed. On his deathbed, Suoqin played this song, sighing, "Guangling is scattered today." The statue brick of Ji Kang unearthed from the tomb of the Southern Dynasties in Xishanqiao, Nanjing, depicts the image of Ji Kang sitting on a violin, commanding and imposing.

Ji Kang loves music. He said in the preface: "I have a good voice, but I have lived with it for a long time, thinking that things have ups and downs, but this has not changed." The taste is boring, which is tireless. " He is very familiar with traditional and contemporary Qin Le, which can be seen from his Fu Qin. Ji Kang's four melodies, which are loose in wind, long and short, long and short, are collectively called "Ji's four squares" and "Cai's five squares" in Cai Yong as "Nine squares", which are a famous group of melodies in ancient China. Yang Di once regarded playing Jiunong as one of the conditions for getting a bachelor's degree, which shows its great influence and high achievements.

Ji Kang is not only famous for playing Guangling San, but also has unique contributions in music theory, namely Fu Qin and On Sound without Sorrow and Music. Fu Qin mainly shows Ji Kang's understanding of Qin and music, but it also reflects Ji Kang's view that it is different from Confucian traditional thought. The Theory of Sound without Sorrow and Music is the author's direct and concentrated criticism of the Confucian thought of "ruling the world with music". Among them, Ji Kang's insight into music shines brightly.

Wang Rong has been in contact with Ji Kang for twenty years, but he hasn't seen the bad guys yet. Therefore, it left a good name of "alienation of interests and open mind"; Ji Kang, on the other hand, has the side of "just being sick in the intestine, careless and easy to do anything". His masterpiece Breaking Up with Mountain Garden and his love for Guangling San are the manifestations of his cynical and unruly character, and his contempt for Si Mazhao led to his death, which is an obvious example of this kind of integrity.

Ji Kang is also good at calligraphy and cursive works. Also good at Dan Qing. In the Tang dynasty, there were "bird's nest washing ears" and "lion beating elephant", which were passed down from generation to generation. Unfortunately, it's all lost now.

1287 ~ 1359), the word stamp,No. Zhu Zhai, alias Meihua house owner, was born in Qiaofeng, Zhuji, Yuan Dynasty. I studied hard since I was a child, herded cattle during the day, and studied by the ever-burning lamp in the Buddhist temple at night, and finally became a scholar. Poetry describes rural life, sympathizes with people's sufferings, condemns powerful people and despises fame and fortune. I love plum blossoms all my life, planting them, and Yongmei painted them. Calligraphy and seal cutting have their own styles, which is enough for famous artists. There are Zhu Zhai Poems handed down from generation to generation. Famous painters and poets in the Yuan Dynasty, such as Shi, Fan Niuweng, Huiji Waishi, plum blossom master, etc. Zhuji (now Zhejiang) people. He was born in poverty, herded cattle during the day, painted lotus flowers whenever he had time, studied under the ever-burning lamps of Buddhist temples at night, then studied Korean sexology, worked hard as a scholar, and traveled to metropolis (now Beijing). Tai Puhua recommended him to work in imperial academy, so he resigned. Retired to Jiulishan, sold paintings for a living, and died in the countryside. Painting ink plums, dense branches and leaves, full of business, vigorous and powerful, or taking rouge as boneless plums; He is also good at bamboo and stone. A flower-and-bird painter who created a new style of freehand brushwork of ink and plum in painting. Zi Zhang (one Su Yuan) was born in Shan Hao, Zhuji, Yuan Dynasty. I like studying since I was a child, herding cows during the day, sneaking into school to listen to students, returning at dusk, forgetting his cows and getting angry with Qin Lao. Mother is willing to listen to what she does, because she goes to a monk's temple every night and sits on the Buddha's leg, reading with the ever-burning lamp. Later, Han Xing, a scholar from Huiji, eventually became a Confucian scholar. But when I failed the exam again and again, I set the article on fire. Act differently from ordinary people, wearing a top hat, green hemp fiber, wooden teeth and a wood blade, singing loudly and going back and forth in the city. Or riding a scalper and reading with Chinese books, people regard it as madness. The writer Li Xiaoguang wants to be recommended as a government official. He declared: "I have fields to farm and books to read, so I can't stand in court every morning and evening for slavery!" " Then I went to Wu Dong, Huai and Chu, and visited famous mountains and rivers. I traveled to most places, and my old friend's secretary, Qing Taihua, recommended me to work in the library, so I resigned and went back to my hometown. He lived in seclusion in Jiuli Mountain, planted thousands of plums, and built three huts called "Plum Blossom House". He became the owner of the plum blossom house and made a living by selling paintings. He made a boat and named it "Duckweed Pavilion" and put it in Jianhu Lake. Also widely planted plum and bamboo, playing the piano and composing poems, drinking and whistling. Zhu Yuanzhang pacified five states, captured Yuezhou, stationed in Jiulishan, heard his name, searched for it, set up a shogunate, and granted him advice to join the army, but failed. In the 19th year of Hui Zong in Yuan Dynasty (1359), Zhu Yuanzhang sought the crown by official. Guan refused to become a monk and expanded his room into a Baiyun Temple. Melodic death metal Yu Lanting Zhang Tian Temple. ?

Wang Mian is famous for painting plums, especially mume plums. The plum blossoms he painted are simple, free and easy, and unique. His "Mo Mei Tu Juan" painted a horizontal branch of Mo Mei, with simple brushwork, beautiful branches and fresh and pleasing composition. With proper ink, flowers bloom, unfold and sprout clearly and freely, full of vitality. His pen is very strong, and crochet has created a unique frustration method. Although it is not colored, it can vividly depict the smiling branches of plum blossoms. It not only shows the natural charm of plum blossom, but also reflects the painter's thoughts and feelings of high standards and seeking defeat alone. Coupled with the author's well-known seven-character painting poem, poetry and painting complement each other, making this painting an immortal work.

Many of Wang Mian's poems sympathize with the sufferings of the people, condemn the powerful, despise fame and fortune, and describe rural seclusion, such as hurting pavilion households, women in the south of the Yangtze River, facing the scenery, electrodeless music, Mo Mei and the rhyme of sword songs. Poems of Zhu Zhai consists of three volumes and two sequels. He loved plum blossoms all his life, planted plum blossoms and Yongmei, attacked and painted plum blossoms, and was good at painting bamboo. Those who ask for help will follow them. There is nothing wrong with painting plum blossoms like Yang. Flowers are blooming, vegetation is vigorous and business is booming. Especially good at rouge as boneless body, unique style. It has a great influence on the masters of plum blossom painting in Ming Dynasty, such as Liu, Li, Wang and so on. The surviving paintings are The Three Gentlemen's Map and The Meme Map. Can manage printing, make printing with flower milk stone, and seal cutting is wonderful. There is a biography of Ming history.

Gong Zizhen (1792- 184 1) was a thinker and writer in the late Qing Dynasty. The word "Er Yu" is also a word. Renamed Yi Jian, the word Ding Bo; Also renamed Gongzuo, named Wan Ding, named Yushan. Zhejiang Renhe (now Hangzhou) people. Born into a family of bureaucrats and scholars for generations. Grandfather Gong Gan, an official of the Military Department of the Cabinet Office, is the author of Yin Meng's Poems on Living in a Mountain. His father Li Zheng is an official in Jiangnan. He was appointed as the provincial judge of Jiangsu Province, and he wrote Notes on Mandarin, Textual Research on Three Rites, Questioning the History of Han Dynasty, Textual Research on Famous Things of Chu Ci, etc. Mother Duan Xun, the daughter of Duan Yucai, a famous primary school teacher, is the author of "Green Flowers Poem Grass".

(1470- 1523) China was a painter and writer in the Ming dynasty. Tang Yin was born in Chenghua, Ming Xianzong for six years, when it was silver moon Yinri, so he was named Tang Yin, and because he was a tiger, he was also named Tang Bohu. Zi Wei Zi, Bo Hu, No.6 lay man, owner of the Peach Blossom Temple, etc. call themselves the first romantic talents in Jiangnan (see: Four Great Talents in Jiangnan). Wuxian (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) people. Born into a vendor's family, his father Tang Guangde and his mother Qiu had a bad temper when she was young. When they are young, they should be rich and share their wealth. Later, they went to Beijing for an exam. After they got out of prison, they voted for Ning Wang Zhu. However, when they found out that Zhu had rebellious intentions, they escaped and returned to Suzhou. Since then, I have never given up my career, concentrating on painting and calligraphy, indulging in appearance and unrestrained temperament. He is good at landscapes, figures, flowers and birds. His landscape paintings were studied by Chen Zhou in his early years, and then by Li Tang and Liu Songnian. He painted mountains and painted mountains with an axe, which was majestic and steep, but his pen was fine, his layout was sparse and his style was elegant. Figure paintings are mostly ladies and historical stories, inheriting the tradition of the Tang Dynasty, with clear lines, gorgeous and elegant colors, beautiful posture and accurate modeling; He is also a freehand brushwork figure, and his pen is concise and interesting. His flower-and-bird paintings are freehand and elegant. In addition to painting, Tang Yin also engaged in calligraphy, learning from Zhao Mengfu, and his calligraphy style was fantastic and handsome. There are some paintings that have been handed down from generation to generation, such as Riding a Donkey to Home, Singing in the Mountain Road, Mingming, Uncle Wang's Palace Prostitute, Li Duanduanju, Autumn Wind and Fan, and Qiuci Cuan.

Tang Yin is also very accomplished in literature. Palace poetry is full of travel, painting and sentimental works, which can not only express the wild and detached state of mind, but also express the indifference to the world. Slang and slang are used in poetry, which is easy to understand and simple in meaning. He wrote the Collection of Six Confucian Laymen, and the Qing Dynasty compiled the Complete Works of Six Confucian Laymen.