How is the desert management in Inner Mongolia going?

1. Achievements and existing problems

The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region covers an area of ??1.183 million square kilometers. It is bounded by the Greater Hinggan Mountains, the Yinshan Mountains, and the Helan Mountains to form obvious landform features. To the north of the mountains, the main It is a high plain, and the south of the mountains is mainly dominated by hills, plateaus and plains. Among them, there are 680,000 square kilometers of available natural grassland, 187,000 square kilometers of forest, 60,000 square kilometers of cultivated land, and Badain Jaran, Tengger, Ulanbuhe, Kubuqi, Mu Us, and Hunshandake. , Ujimqin, Bayin Wendur, Horqin, Hulunbuir ten deserts and sandy lands, as well as the Yellow River, Haihe River (including Luanhe River), Liaohe River (including Daling River), Songhua River (Nenjiang River, Erguna River) , five major river basins of inland rivers. For a long time, severe land desertification has been caused by factors such as harsh climate and natural geographical conditions as well as irrational utilization.

The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is located in the northern border of the motherland, with a long and narrow terrain from east to west, spanning the three major regions of Northeast, North China and Northwest China. This special geographical location constitutes a natural ecological barrier in northern my country. The party and government leaders at all levels in the autonomous region and the cadres and the masses deeply feel that protecting and building this homeland is of far-reaching significance and great responsibility. For a long time, with the care and support of the party and the state, the people of all ethnic groups in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region have carried forward the spirit of self-reliance and hard work and unremittingly carried out ecological environment construction. Up to now, more than 300 small watersheds have been intensively managed, with a managed area of ??about 52,000 square kilometers (78 million acres), 18 million acres of downstream cultivated land have been protected, and more than 3 million people and more than 10 million heads have been treated. Regarding the drinking water problem for livestock, the annual reduction of river sediment discharge is about 200 million tons; a total of 53,000 square kilometers (80 million acres) of artificial afforestation, aerial seeding afforestation and mountain closure (sand) afforestation have been completed, and the sandy land comprehensive management area is 1.7 Ten thousand square kilometers (25 million acres), the forest coverage rate has increased from 7% in the early days of liberation to 14.19%, and the degree of farmland forest network has reached 60.1%; 88,000 square kilometers (130 million acres) of grassland have been preserved and constructed. ), significantly improved grassland productivity and supported the development of animal husbandry; the cumulative area of ??soil and water conservation projects, forestry ecological construction, and grassland construction was approximately 210,000 square kilometers. The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has invested more than 6 billion yuan in ecological environment construction, including about 1.1 billion yuan of state investment, about 1.3 billion yuan of financial resources and special funds at all levels of the autonomous region, and more than 3.6 billion yuan of work and labor by the masses, with an average of 1.1 billion yuan per square kilometer. About 30,000 yuan was invested in ecological environment construction.

However, overall, the ecological environment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is still deteriorating. The outstanding manifestations are: the area of ??land desertification is still expanding, vegetation is degraded, and biological species are reduced. The main factors leading to the deterioration of the ecological environment: First, natural factors such as mountains, slopes, sand, strong winds, drought, concentrated rainfall, and frequent heavy rains; second, blind reclamation, overgrazing, insufficient investment, low construction standards, and basic Human factors such as weak facilities and poor protection. At present, the desertified land that still needs to be controlled in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region accounts for about 60% of the total land area in the region. In addition, there are still some controlled desertified lands that need to be consolidated, improved, supported and improved. These desertified lands are mainly distributed in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River and the Loess Plateau, Alxa in the Three North Windy Sand Zone, northern Yinshan Mountains, Horqin Sandy Land and vast grassland areas. The 50 poverty-stricken banner counties in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and more than 2 million poor people are concentrated here. The natural conditions are harsh, the ecological foundation is fragile, droughts and floods occur frequently, the output of agricultural and animal husbandry products is low and unstable, and the economic and social development is slow. At the same time, urban green space has decreased, groundwater levels have dropped, and air pollution has become serious, which is incompatible with the sustainable development of the economy and the improvement of people's living standards.

2. Protection and construction planning and mid- and long-term vision

(1) Guiding ideology

Guided by the spirit of the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, to achieve sustainable development Sustainable development is the goal, based on the national key regional ecological planning, using biological measures, engineering measures and scientific management as means, adhering to the policy of equal emphasis on protection and construction, taking the path of development-oriented governance, intensive management, and benefit-oriented growth, and mobilizing All sectors of society should give full play to all positive factors, focus on the implementation of ecological projects in agriculture and animal husbandry, and take into account other projects such as urban environmental protection and nature reserve construction, so as to curb the deterioration of the ecological environment in our region as a whole and establish a relationship with the sustainable development of the national economy. Adaptable benign ecosystem creates a good ecological environment for the economic and social development of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

(2) Principles of protection and construction

——Overall planning, rational layout, highlighting key points, and taking into account the general;

——Concentrated contiguous, comprehensive management, Rely on science and technology and improve quality;

——Division of labor and responsibilities, coordination and cooperation, strengthening management, and focusing on efficiency;

——Integrating protection with construction, development with governance, and the state and The combination of collective and individual; the combination of investment and labor; the combination of biological measures with engineering measures and farming measures; the combination of ecological benefits with economic benefits and social benefits.

(3) Protection and construction goals

Short term: 13 years from 1998 to 2010, through the implementation of the strategy of returning farmland to forest and pasture, vigorously planting trees and grass, and building soil and water conservation projects, build stable and high-yielding basic farmland, consolidate and improve existing desertification land control projects, strengthen the construction of nature reserves and urban infrastructure, expand the area of ??nature reserves and urban green spaces; resolutely control urban pollution and land desertification caused by human factors ; Environmental pollution in Hohhot and Baotou has been basically controlled; the deterioration of the ecological environment in key control areas such as the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, the Loess Plateau, the northern Yinshan Mountains, and the Horqin Sandy Land has been basically curbed. By 2010, the urban green space coverage rate will be increased to 35%, and the area of ??nature reserves will be expanded to 50,000 square kilometers (reaching 90,000 square kilometers). An additional 455 million acres of desertified land have been controlled (an average of 35 million acres per year), increasing the desertified land control rate in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from the current 23% to 49%. At the same time, we should give full play to the benefits of the desertified land that has been controlled, establish supervision, management and reporting institutions in key control areas, and incorporate ecological construction into standardized management.

The short-term construction goals are divided into three stages. The first phase (1998-2000) governance tasks are: promote urban water source secondary utilization systems and clean energy, control pollution sources, expand urban green space area, increase urban green space coverage to 30%, and expand the area of ????natural reserves by 20,000 square meters kilometers; 24 million acres of artificial forest, 63 million acres of grassland, 18 million acres of soil and water conservation project control area, and 105 million acres of newly treated desertified land, increasing the desertified land control rate in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from the current 23% to 29%. At the same time, some completed projects will be consolidated, improved and supported. The governance tasks of the second phase (2001-2005) are: further promote urban water source secondary utilization systems and clean energy, control pollution sources, expand urban green space area, increase urban green space coverage to 33%, and expand nature reserves by 20,000 square kilometers; 40 million acres of artificial forest, 105 million acres of grassland, 30 million acres of soil and water conservation project control area, and 175 million acres of newly treated desertified land, increasing the desertified land control rate in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 29% to 39%. At the same time, we will continue to consolidate, improve, support and improve the existing projects. The governance tasks of the third stage (2006-2010) are: to fully complete the short-term goals and tasks, basically control urban pollution, increase the urban green space coverage to 35%, increase the area of ??nature reserves to 90,000 square kilometers, and improve the desertification land control rate in Inner Mongolia. increased from 39% to 49%.

Mid-term: From 2011 to 2030, it will take another 20 years to significantly improve the ecological environment of cities and key governance areas. The urban green space coverage rate reaches 40%, the nature reserve area accounts for 10% of the total land area of ??the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the desertification land control rate reaches 70%, and the forest coverage rate increases to 27%.

Long-term: By the middle of the next century, the ecological environment of Inner Mongolia will be completely improved, a benign ecosystem suitable for the sustainable development of the national economy will be initially established, desertified land will be basically effectively managed, and the forest coverage rate will be increased and stabilized At about 30%, farmland and pastures will be transformed into forest networks, sloping farmland will be terraced, and the land will be landscaped.

(4) Key points of protection and construction

1. The treatment project for soil erosion and sandstorm areas in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River and the Loess Plateau

The planned treatment area includes Yikezhao League, Bayannur League, Hohhot City, Baotou City, Wuhai City, Ulanqab League, Ala The 29 banner counties in Shanmeng City and other cities have a total land area of ??270,000 square kilometers (of which the soil erosion area is about 140,000 square kilometers, accounting for 52%.). The main goal of ecological protection construction is to reduce the amount of sediment input into the Yellow River. , reduce the harm of soil erosion to the lower reaches of the Yellow River.

The construction method is mainly based on small watershed unit management, adopting a combination of biological measures and engineering measures, vigorously planting trees and grass, building terraces, dams, and building valleys, water cellars, ponds, etc., to increase surface vegetation and enhance water interception. Water storage and soil conservation function. Focus on the management of Huangfuchuan, Wuding River, Kuye River, Xiliugou, Shiha River, Dahei River, Hun River, and the upper reaches of Kundulun Reservoir. It is planned that by 2010, 59 million acres of artificial afforestation and grass planting, aerial sowing of forest and grass, mountain closure for forest and grass cultivation, 2 million acres of new terraces and dams, and small storage projects such as new grain mills, check dams, water cellars, pond dams, and ditch head protection will be built. 120,000 buildings (places), with a controlled area of ??26 million acres. An additional 70 million acres of desertified land will be controlled, reducing the amount of sediment flowing into the Yellow River by about 100 million tons every year. Among them, from 1998 to 2000, 14 million acres of trees and grasses were planted, forest and grass were enclosed, and forest and grass were aerially sown. 30,000 new small watershed management projects were built, with a controlled area of ??6 million acres. 17 million acres of newly treated desertified land were added.

2． "Three North" Sandstorm Comprehensive Prevention and Control Zone - Alxa Sandstorm Area Control Project

Alxa League is located at the westernmost end of our region, adjacent to Gansu Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and borders Mongolia, with a total area of ??"10,000 square meters" kilometers (of which the area of ??desert, desert and Gobi reaches 175,000 square kilometers, accounting for 65% of the total land area), the famous Badain Jaran Desert, Tengger Desert, and Ulan Buh Desert are located here. The area belongs to the north temperate continental hinterland desert area with very little precipitation (the minimum annual precipitation is only 40 mm). Especially in the past 40 years, due to the sharp increase in water consumption in the middle reaches of the Heihe River, the water inflow from the lower reaches has continued to decrease, causing the lakes to dry up and groundwater. The area has declined, vegetation has seriously degraded, land desertification has intensified, and severe sandstorms occurred for four consecutive years from 1993 to 1996. The harsh ecological environment has had a serious impact on social and economic development, and more than 20,000 herdsmen have lost their basic livelihood. Living conditions require relocation.

The main goals of ecological protection and construction in this area are: solving water sources, restoring vegetation, preventing wind and sand fixation, and the construction method is: comprehensively using biological measures and engineering measures, and actively carrying out water-finding projects. , develop underground water resources, and strive to start the water diversion project in the lower reaches of the Heihe River. Focus on the construction of the Juyanhai Oasis Project and the Shuangjingtan Artificial Ecological Oasis Project to solve the survival problems of herders in areas with ecological deterioration. It is planned to drill 26 deep wells by 2010. 4,000 grass coulombs with supporting facilities were constructed, 20 million acres were planted with aerial seeding and sand was closed to cultivate forest and grass, and 15 million acres of new forest and pasture area were initially improved, so that 60% of the herdsmen in areas with poor living conditions could survive. Off-site resettlement was achieved in Shuangjingtan. From 1998 to 2000, it was planned to drill 6 deep wells, build 920 grass coulombs with five supporting facilities, afforestation and grass planting, 4.5 million acres of sand sealing, and 3.4 million acres of new forest and grassland. .

3. "Three North" Wind and Sand Comprehensive Prevention and Control Area - Northern Yinshan Wind Erosion and Desertification Area Control Project

This planning area is located in the transition zone from the Yinshan Mountains to the Mongolian Plateau in the central part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. , is a semi-arid agricultural and pastoral ecologically fragile area, including 11 banner counties in Xilingol League, Ulanqab League, Hohhot City, Baotou City, Bayannur League and other league cities, with a total land area of ??63 million acres (hillside land area). 70%, plains and rivers account for 28%), with a total population of 1.9 million, including 1.67 million agricultural population.

The main goals of ecological protection and construction in this area are: to conserve water and soil, increase vegetation, recuperate and restore ecology. The construction method of basic farmland is to return farmland to forest and pasture, vigorously plant trees and grass, build water and soil conservation projects, and return all farmland to forest and grassland on high terrain and steep slopes; build horizontal terraces on cultivated land within the allowable slope range. , damming the land, protecting soil and water; building windproof and sand-fixing forests, farmland and pasture protection forests, and village and road protection forests in the undulating hilly areas, and building dry farming stable and high-yielding basic farmland and grass pastures, focusing on the construction of Ulanqab. In the Menghou Mountain area, it is planned that by 2010, 26 million acres of artificial forest will be planted, 39 million acres of artificial grass will be planted, 5 million acres of basic farmland for stable and high-yield dry farming will be built, 100,000 small watershed management projects will be constructed, and the controlled area will be 13 million acres; new An additional 62 million acres of desertified land will be controlled. Preliminarily control the deterioration of the regional ecological environment. Among them, from 1998 to 2000, 15 million acres were afforestation and grass planting, 1.2 million acres of basic dry farming land were constructed, 30,000 small watershed management projects were constructed, the controlled area was 3 million acres, and 14 million acres of desertified land were newly treated.

4. "Three Norths" Comprehensive Sand Prevention and Control Zone - Horqin Sand Land Treatment Project

The planned treatment area includes 21 banner counties in Xing'an League, Zhelim League, Chifeng City and other league cities, with a total land area of ??100,000 square kilometers. The total population is 6.085 million, including 4.705 million agricultural population.

The recent management goals of this area are to restore surface vegetation and control land desertification. The construction methods are: artificial planting of trees and grass, aerial sowing of forest and grass, fenced pasture, construction of shrub pasture, forage base, etc. In the hilly areas, the main focus is to build ecological and economic ditches, and in the plains and rivers, the main focus is to build bio-economic circles. The focus is on the alluvial plains on both sides of the Xiliao River, Xinkai River, Jiaolai River, and Xilamulun River to form belt nets and trees. A green barrier combining shrubs and grass. It is planned that by 2010, 78 million acres of artificial trees and grass will be planted and fenced, and 59 million acres of desertified land will be controlled.

5． Grassland Area Ecological Environment Management Project

The natural grasslands in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are widely distributed, covering an area of ??800,000 square kilometers, which is a quarter of the country’s natural grasslands, accounting for 67% of the total land area of ??Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, ranking first in the country One person. However, the current grassland degradation, desertification, and salinization have reached 466.5 million acres, accounting for 46% of the available grassland. The scope of the grassland ecological environment management project covers 33 pastoral banner counties in Inner Mongolia. The main direction of attack is to restore pasture vegetation and establish natural ecological barriers in the "Three North" green grass belts. The construction methods are mainly artificial grass planting, aerial sowing of pasture, improved pasture, fenced pasture, enclosed pasture, and the construction of a small biosphere centered on five supporting grass coulombs. The construction focus is to build 10 million acres of aerial seeding areas in the Horqin and Hunshandake sand belts, the edges of the Tengger and Mu Us Deserts, and the Kubuqi and Ulan Bhe deserts that are suitable for aerial seeding of grass. In the typical grassland areas of Hulunbuir, Xilingol, and Ulanqab, 30 million acres of closed grassland have been improved; in the saline-alkali grasslands of Yikezhao League, Bayannur League, and Ulanqab League, 28 million acres of salt-tolerant pastures have been artificially planted ; Plant perennial pastures in hilly areas and build 10 million acres of shrub pastures; add 59 million acres of desertified land. At the same time, we will establish a natural grassland rodent and insect pest control forecasting and reporting system and build a grass seed base.

6． The ecological agriculture construction project

Based on the natural resources and ecological environment characteristics of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, ecological agriculture is planned to be carried out in the arid and semi-arid agricultural and pastoral ecologically fragile areas starting from the Mu Us Sandy Land in the west and the hilly area at the southern foot of the Daxingan Mountains in the east. construction. In the near future, five different types of ecological demonstration areas with representative and outstanding characteristics that have a significant impact on improving the regional ecological environment will be selected for key construction, including the ecological agriculture demonstration area in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, the Mu Us sandstorm arid ecological agriculture demonstration area, and the northern Yinshan Mountains. Some banner counties in the hilly arid and sandy areas, the Horqin sandy arid and windy sandy areas, and the southeast ecological agriculture demonstration zone in the Daxinganling Mountains. These banner counties are important commercial grain, oil and sugar bases in the autonomous region. They have early agricultural development, have a tradition of intensive farming, and have relatively good light and heat conditions. The construction goals of this project are: to improve agricultural production conditions, improve comprehensive agricultural production capacity and farmers' living standards, and achieve sustainable regional economic development. The construction method is mainly to build ecological households that combine agriculture and animal husbandry, "four-in-one" ecological model households, and promote water-saving irrigation, energy-saving technology and new rural energy. The main construction content includes farmland infrastructure, planting trees and grass, digging wells, and building Soil and water conservation and small watershed management projects, water saving, energy saving and rural new energy equipment purchase and infrastructure construction, etc. It is planned to transform 3.6 million acres of low- and medium-yield fields by 2010, expand irrigated land by 900,000 acres through the use of water-saving irrigation technology, and build 26 million acres of ecological and economic ditches. Among them, from 1998 to 2000, 900,000 acres of low- and medium-yield fields were renovated, 210,000 acres of irrigated land were expanded, and 6 million acres of ecological and economic ditches were planted with trees and grass.

7. Urban environmental protection construction

In the near future, we must vigorously promote energy-saving residential building technology, protect and rationally exploit groundwater resources, promote the use of secondary water utilization systems, and promote the use of urban clean energy; focusing on Hohhot and Baotou, Vigorously control urban pollution sources and expand urban green space. It is planned to increase urban green space coverage to 35% by 2010, including 30% from 1998 to 2000.

8． Construction of nature reserves

According to the division of natural zones and ecosystems in the "Outline of Nature Protection of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region", consider the habitats of rare species, lakes through which migratory birds migrate, the origins of fine livestock and important Natural landscapes, geological sections, biological monuments, etc. of scientific research and tourism value, focusing on the construction of 35 nature reserves in various natural zones and ecosystems, bringing the area of ??the nature reserves to 84,000 square kilometers, accounting for 77% of the total land area of ??the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ．1%.

3. Estimation of benefits of key construction

According to the above planning assumptions, by 2010, after 13 years of construction, the ecological environment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region will have improved, especially in key governance areas. The ecological environment will be significantly improved. At the same time, a good ecological environment will surely produce significant economic benefits. According to estimates, the average grass yield per mu of artificial grassland can be 150 kilograms higher than that of natural grassland. The short-term goal is to build and preserve more than 20,000 acres of grassland and increase grass production by 30 billion kilograms. Calculated at 0.6 yuan per kilogram, the output value can be increased by 18 billion yuan. Through the management of small watersheds, the creation of farmland protection forests, and the construction of basic farmland with stable and high yields, the grain yield per mu of beneficiary farmland can be increased by 10%. After the recent ecological construction goals are achieved, the grain output can be increased by 4 billion kilograms, at 0.5 yuan per kilogram. It is calculated that the output value can be increased by 2 billion yuan. These two output values ??can increase the income of farmers and herdsmen in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region by 600 yuan per person. At the same time, with the improvement of the urban environment and the construction of nature reserves, the development of tourism will be promoted, thereby driving the development of the secondary industry, which will greatly promote the national economy and social development.

4. Policies and Measures

(1) All regions should put ecological environment construction on their important agenda and strengthen leadership. Based on this "Outline" and combined with local realities, we must formulate ecological construction plans for the region until 2010, clarify the direction of efforts, and implement the target responsibility system. Leading cadres at all levels must go deep into the grassroots to study and solve problems and difficulties that arise in ecological construction, and strengthen organization and coordination. It is necessary to establish fixed contact points for ecological construction work, and turn the contact points into greening points, governance and development points, poverty alleviation and development points, and mass enrichment points, so as to promote the overall work. The broad masses of the people are the main force in ecological environment construction. We must rely on the masses, mobilize the masses, and actively lead the masses to consciously participate in the practice of ecological environment construction. All relevant departments must perform their duties and responsibilities in accordance with the requirements of the "Outline", coordinate actions, and cooperate closely to jointly complete the historical tasks of ecological environment protection and construction.

(2) Organically combine ecological construction with the transformation of agriculture and animal husbandry growth patterns. All regions in Inner Mongolia must address the situation of livestock production focusing on the expansion of quantity, overloading and overgrazing, degradation of pastures, intensification of grass-livestock conflicts, extensive planting and poor yields, and extensive predatory management, and formulate policies that focus on both ecological construction and economic development, with both hands being strong. development policies, and actively promote the transformation of the growth pattern of agriculture and animal husbandry in the construction of ecological environment, so that agricultural and animal husbandry production and ecological construction promote and complement each other. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of grass seed bases, expand the planting area of ??high-quality pasture and green fodder, build artificial pastures, improve natural pastures, increase pasture production and quality, improve livestock nutritional conditions, increase individual livestock quality and output, thereby improving the animal husbandry industry Economic benefits. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of fenced pastures and five supporting small grass coulombs, and promote the experience of rotational grazing of pastures, so that the pastures can recuperate and recuperate, achieve balanced nutrition of livestock, and change livestock production from one season to a balanced production throughout the year to meet the market demand all year round. Solve the problem of winter and spring forage pressure and "difficulty selling", reduce feeding costs and improve economic benefits. It is necessary to combine the construction of ecological and economic structures, actively build horizontal terraces, promote planting techniques such as slope planting at equal heights and water-spot planting, enhance soil conservation and water storage functions, and increase crop growth. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of basic fields for stable and high-yielding dry farming, convert sloping land unsuitable for farming into forests and pasture, and restore vegetation. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of protective forests in farmland and pastures to increase the output per unit area of ??farmland and pastures.

(3) Protect and build the ecological environment in accordance with the law. Promote extensively and deeply the "Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China", "Land Management Law of the People's Republic of China", "Forest Law of the People's Republic of China", "Law of the People's Republic of China" Soil and Water Conservation Law, "Grassland Law of the People's Republic of China", "Wild Fauna and Flora Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" and other laws and relevant regulations of the state and autonomous regions, protect and manage existing forest vegetation in accordance with the law, The phenomenon of "building and destroying at the same time" is resolutely prohibited.

Strengthen the construction of law enforcement teams, increase law enforcement efforts, and seriously investigate and deal with illegal cases such as destruction of vegetation and ecological damage. Strengthen the protection of cultivated land and strictly prohibit the reclamation of wasteland. Except for those listed in national comprehensive agricultural development projects, all other reclamations are prohibited. Strengthen grassland protection, implement the system of household contracting and paid use of grassland as soon as possible, and increase grassland construction fees for overgrazing. Rationally develop and utilize water resources, and limit the amount of mining in over-exploited areas. When building railways, highways, water conservancy projects and starting businesses in the "two zones", strict environmental protection construction evaluation work must be carried out to prevent new soil erosion and desertification. The forest rights certificate issued by the people's government at or above the banner county level is a legal certificate confirming the ownership and use rights of forest trees and forest land. It is protected by national law. Ownership and use rights may not be changed at will without the approval of the people's government above the issuing authority. The development of forests and tourism resources in state-owned forest farms (nurseries) must be approved by the forestry authorities of the autonomous region, and the occupied forests, trees, woodland and scenic resources and other assets must be evaluated and used for a fee. Establish and improve the ecological benefit compensation system. Various fees collected are mainly used for ecological construction and protection.

(4) Continue to deepen the reform of ecological construction and protection systems. Ecological environment construction implements the policy of who invests, who operates, who benefits and allows inheritance, transfer and long-term change. We actively promote the joint-stock cooperative system and encourage Sumu (townships), Gacha (villages) and various social departments, units and individuals. , use land, labor, resources, funds, seedlings, machinery, technology, etc. to cooperate in governance and benefit from everyone; encourage household contracting, joint household contracting, collective development, leasing, share cooperation and auction of use rights to speed up Control and develop barren mountains, barren ditches, barren hills, and barren shoals; the collectively owned "four barren" resources must be planned and managed in a unified manner. They can be allocated to each household at once and managed within a time limit, or they can be constructed in a unified manner, with the masses investing their labor and shares, and cooperating business. Compound management in forest land in compliance with the regulations of the forestry department of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, or planting crops in fire prevention isolation zones, mature land before afforestation, mountain management, ditch management, hill management, beach management, as well as the state's grass-roots agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, The income from paid services provided by water and agricultural machinery stations enjoys preferential tax policies.

(5) Adhere to the joint efforts of the state, local governments, collectives, and individuals to raise funds at multiple levels, in multiple forms, and through multiple channels. Finance departments at all levels should include funds for ecological construction in their budgets, and funds for agricultural development, poverty alleviation, and relief-for-work should be tilted towards ecological construction. For water conservancy and hydropower projects that have already exerted benefits, a certain amount of funds must be extracted from water and electricity fees every year for reservoir area construction and upstream soil and water conservation projects. The production fees and capital construction fees of state-owned forest farms (nurseries), small farmland water conservancy construction fees, soil and water conservation fees, and livestock aerial seeding funds and other special funds of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region that have been divided into league cities must not be withheld or misappropriated by the league cities and banner counties. , earmarked funds are earmarked and guaranteed to be received in full and on time. Each region can formulate reasonable labor accumulation quota standards and the number of labor inputs based on actual conditions. Any accumulated labor used for ecological construction will not be regarded as increasing the burden on farmers and herdsmen. It is necessary to actively attract funds, technology and talents from inside and outside the region and at home and abroad to speed up the pace of ecological construction.

(6) Strengthen scientific research on ecological construction. Relevant departments and scientific research and educational institutions should organize human, financial and material resources to carry out key scientific research on key issues and technical difficulties in ecological construction. For ecological construction scientific research projects, priority must be included in local science and technology development plans and funding must be guaranteed. Vigorously promote the application of scientific research results and applicable technologies. At present, we must actively develop economic forests, firewood forests, fast-growing and high-yielding forests, and dual-purpose forest species, and vigorously promote ecological economic ditches, bioeconomic circles, small watershed management, three-dimensional planting compound management, and family "five small" forestry (small forest farms, small nurseries) , small plantations, small orchards, small medicinal gardens), "five supporting" production models such as grass coulomb construction, and applicable technologies such as drought-resistant afforestation, water-saving irrigation, sand-lined rice, medicinal material planting, and film-covered cultivation. Effectively strengthen technical training for farmers and herdsmen, continuously improve the scientific and cultural quality and environmental awareness of farmers and herdsmen, and train a group of farmers and herdsmen technicians and leaders in ecological management and development.