National Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Corps

National Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Corps

In the early days of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Zhejiang was the enemy. In order to defend Zhejiang, Huang attached great importance to military power. Shortly after arriving at Fangyan, Yongkang, he seconded two regiments from Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi, reorganized local teams, and established the "Guerrilla General Command of the Third Theater". Soon, the "Zhejiang Officers' Training Corps" was held for the grass-roots cadres of the rotation training troops, and self-styled as the head, and a group of underground party member and progressive youths were reused, making them the directors of the political guidance office of the officers' corps and the political instructors of various units.

At the beginning of 1938, the Military Commission of the National Government promulgated the Law on National Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Organizations, which stipulated the establishment of "National Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Groups" in war zones and enemy-occupied areas, and required the chairman and commander-in-chief of the provincial government to command the province's anti-enemy self-defense work in a unified way. On June 29th of the same year, the General Command of Zhejiang National Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Corps was established in Zhejiang Province, which consisted of detachments, regional corps and county brigades. For counties that cannot form enough brigades, set up independent squadrons. DocumentNo. 19 17 of the Central Military Commission approved that Huang should be appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Zhejiang National Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Corps, and the director of the Provincial Security Department should be declared as the deputy commander-in-chief. The Commissioner is the district head, the security chief and the deputy district head, the county head and the county head, and the deputy district head is the deputy chief of social training in each county or the director of the military group of the county anti-Japanese self-defense Committee. Under the commander-in-chief, there is a chief of staff and several senior staff officers. The headquarters is divided into seven departments: secretary, staff officer, engineering, military law, general affairs, political training and manager.

The headquarters consists of eight detachments: the first detachment was adapted from the original provincial police force, the second detachment was adapted from various social training corps, the third detachment was expanded from the Yellow Guard Battalion, the fourth detachment was newly compiled, the fifth detachment was adapted from Shaoxing local troops, the sixth detachment was adapted from Yuyao local troops, the seventh detachment was adapted from inland water police, and the eighth detachment was adapted from Guangxi troops. The nine corps established in each district are basically adapted from the original local armed forces. The number of brigades or squadrons set up in counties varies. Some have a brigade, some have a squadron, and some have two brigades or squadrons. According to the actual needs, towns and villages use the original able-bodied men and other personnel to form various task forces, including engineering teams, rescue teams, spy teams, pickets, sabotage teams and propaganda teams. The total number of anti-Japanese self-defense forces in the province is about 20,000, and it has grown to nearly 654.38+10,000 by 1939, forming a powerful local armed force in Zhejiang.

The work of the Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Forces Command is responsible for the formation, training and national defense projects of the Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Forces. The tasks of the local self-defense forces are as follows: 1. Participate in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression with or alone with the national government forces; Second, maintain social order and protect the rear security of the areas that have not been occupied; Third, maintain state power in lost territory; Fourth, lead the new martial spirit of social development; 5. Become the core of mobilizing the whole people to participate in the war of resistance. After the establishment of the National Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Corps, some of them undertook the task of maintaining local public security, while others cooperated with government forces in fighting. In addition, the National Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Corps also launched a separate struggle against the enemy. For example, the fifth detachment, led by captain Zheng, first crossed the Qiantang River and entered the Hangjiahu area to carry out the anti-Japanese struggle behind enemy lines; Subsequently, the sixth and third detachments led by Xu Zhiyu and Huang Quan also crossed the river to carry out guerrilla activities in enemy-occupied areas such as Haining and Haiyan, and also destroyed the Shanghai-Hangzhou railway several times. The first detachment guarded the south bank of Fuchun River, often crossed the river to carry out anti-Japanese guerrilla activities, and achieved great victory in the defense of Dongzhou; Some detachments also went deep into the Japanese-occupied areas to establish and cover the Japanese-occupied areas' political power in order to safeguard the people's hearts in the Japanese-occupied areas. On the other hand, attacking the enemy, containing the enemy and consuming troops made it impossible for the Japanese army to attack the inland areas of the south of the Yangtze River.

In a word, the development of local armed guerrilla warfare has increased many worries behind the enemy's back, effectively helped the regular anti-Japanese army, prolonged the fighting time, expanded the fighting space and consumed the enemy's troops. To some extent, it adapted to the strategic requirements of "exchanging space for time" and "protracted war of attrition", and the provincial self-defense regiment played a certain role in defending Zhejiang and winning the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.

/kloc-in the spring of 0/940, after the battle of Qiantang River, the Eighth Detachment of Zhejiang National Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Corps was divided into four columns (equivalent to four divisions), with Huang Quan, Xiao Qimian, Qiu Shijie and Lao Guan Ying as column commanders. Soon, Chiang Kai-shek was afraid that Zhejiang would become the second in Guangxi, so he decided to incorporate it into the government army and put Yu Jishi, deputy commander-in-chief of the Tenth Army, in charge of the reorganization. Therefore, the Zhejiang National Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Corps was reorganized into the Army's Temporary Ninth Army (with three divisions under its jurisdiction). By the winter of 194 1, the General Command of the Zhejiang National Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Corps was officially abolished in wartime.