What are the main Tibetan festivals?

1. Tibetan calendar

The determination of Tibetan calendar is closely related to the use of Tibetan calendar. The official use of Tibetan calendar began more than 95 years ago, that is, in the year of Ding Mao in the lunar calendar (AD 127). Since then, the usage of Tibetan calendar has been inherited.

Tibetan calendar year is a traditional Tibetan festival. Every year, the Tibetan calendar begins on the first day of the first month, ranging from three to five days. At the beginning of December, people begin to prepare new year's goods, and every household soaks highland barley seeds in a basin to cultivate young crops. In mid-December, every household used ghee and white flour to fry oil jelly (Kasai) one after another. There are many kinds of oil jelly, such as ear-shaped "Gu Guo", long "Na Xia", round and blue. Near the end of the year, every family should prepare a cuboid bamboo-vegetable-qima grain bucket with colorful pictures. The bucket is filled with food such as Ciba, fried wheat and ginseng fruit mixed with ghee, and painted with green spikes, cockscomb flowers and colorful flower boards made of ghee. And prepare a colored butter-molded sheep head. All this has a festive harvest, and I wish the coming year a good weather and prosperity for people and animals. Two days before New Year's Eve, the house was cleaned inside and outside, new card mats were placed and New Year pictures were posted. Before dinner, sprinkle "Eight Auspicious Micro" with dry flour in the middle wall of the kitchen. Draw the symbol ""on the gate with lime powder, which symbolizes eternal auspiciousness, indicating that life is rich and food is abundant, and the years are safe. On New Year's Eve, all kinds of food are arranged in front of the Buddha statue. In order to have enough and rich food during the festival, the whole family is still busy until late at night. This evening's dinner, each family will eat dough-popping (ancient popping). In the dough process, several kinds of dough with different fillings, such as stones, peppers, charcoal and wool, are specially made. Each kind of fillings has a saying: stones indicate a hard heart, charcoal indicates a dark heart, peppers indicate a knife-like mouth, and wool indicates a soft heart. Those who ate these sandwiches threw up extemporaneously, causing laughter to help the New Year's Eve. This is a kind of food and entertainment activity, no matter who eats anything, they must spit it out impromptu, which often causes laughter and adds to the festive atmosphere of the festival.

On the first day of the first year, put young crops, oil gizzards, sheep's heads and grain buckets on the coffee table of the Buddhist shrine, wishing you a rich life in the new year. On the first day of the Lunar New Year's Day, the housewife carries back "auspicious water" from the river, then wakes up the whole family and sits down according to their generation. When the elders bring grain buckets, each person grabs a few grains first, throws them into the sky as a sign of offering sacrifices to the gods, and then grabs some in turn and sends them into his mouth. After that, the elders wished "Tashide Dele" (good luck) in order, and the younger generation congratulated "Tashide Dele Peng Songcuo" (good luck, good deeds). After the ceremony, they will eat cereal tuba and ginseng fruit cooked in ghee, and then worship highland barley wine. It is generally forbidden to sweep the floor on the first day of junior high school, not to say unlucky things and not to visit each other.

On the second day of junior high school, relatives and friends visit each other to celebrate the New Year and present Hada to each other. Men, women and children all put on the costumes of the program and said "Tashildler" and "Happy Festival" to each other when they met. This activity lasted for three to five days. During the Tibetan New Year, in the square or the open grass, everyone danced in a circle, and accompanied by the lyre, cymbals, gongs and other musical instruments, hand in hand, people stepped on the ground to celebrate the festival and sing, while the children set off firecrackers, and the whole area was immersed in a festive, festive and peaceful atmosphere. Singing Tibetan opera, dancing in pot village and string dance in urban and rural areas. In pastoral areas, herders light bonfires and enjoy singing and dancing all night. People also engage in wrestling, throwing, tug-of-war, horse racing, archery and other activities.

2. Bathing Festival

Bathing Festival, called "Gama Riji" (bathing) in Tibetan, is a unique festival for Tibetan people, with a history of at least 7 to 8 years in Tibet. It was held from July 6 to 12 in the Tibetan calendar and lasted for 7 days. According to Buddhism, the water in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has eight advantages, namely, it is sweet, cool, soft, light, clear, and odorless. Seven drinks will not hurt the throat and eight drinks will not hurt the abdomen. Therefore, July is called the best time for bathing. It was late summer and early autumn. It was sunny in Gao Yuanfeng, Wan Li, and the sky was high and the clouds were light. Whether in cities, rural areas or pastoral areas, men, women, children and the whole family went out to the riverside to celebrate the annual bathing festival. At that time, Tibetan people, carrying tents, butter tea, highland barley wine, Ciba and other foods, will come to Lhasa River and Yarlung Zangbo River one after another, and come to the thousands of rivers and lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to compete for water, and enjoy playing and swimming in the water. They set up a tent in the shade of the river beach lawn, surrounded the tent and laid a card mat. Old people wash their hair and brush their bodies by the river, young people bathe and swim in the river, and children play and fight in the water. At this time, women have no scruples about bathing and washing their bodies and clothes of the whole family. During the break, the family sat around the tent and tasted the fragrant highland barley wine and fragrant butter tea. There are bursts of laughter and laughter from time to time in the tent. During the seven days of Bath Festival, people not only come to the river to bathe every day, but also clean all the bedding in their homes. Therefore, Bath Festival is not only a traditional festival loved by Tibetan people, but also the most thorough and mass health activity every year.

3. Fruit-seeking Festival

The Fruit-seeking Festival has a history of more than 1,5 years, and it is a traditional festival in people in Xizang that longs for a bumper harvest. "Wangguo" is a transliteration in Tibetan, which means fields and land, and "Guo" means turning around, which means "turning around the field". In the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River and the rural areas along the Lhasa River, the "fruit-looking" festival is very popular, and there are also festivals in other places, but the names of the festivals are different. The areas around Lahu and Dingri are called "Yaji", that is, comfortable summer days; Bubala Snow Mountain is surrounded by semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas, which is called "Bangsang", that is, auspicious grassland. It is almost the same time, and it is held before the crops are yellow and ripe, and ready to open the sickle. Before liberation, the Tibetans celebrated the Fruit Festival before the arrival of the season of "bird king"-geese flying south. Wangguo Festival is an important cultural phenomenon of Tibetan people, and its origin, ceremony, geographical or sexual characteristics are colorful. ?

According to legend, as early as the end of the 5th century AD, Bude Gongjian, the king of Tibet, asked the religious leader for advice to ensure a bumper harvest. The hierarch gave orders for farmers to circle the fields, with people holding incense burners and holding banners as the leaders, and our hierarch holding sticks wrapped around Hada and sheep's right legs as the guides. After leading villagers with highland barley ears or wheat ears to circle the fields several times, they planted all kinds of grain ears in granaries and shrines, praying for good weather and good harvests.

the fruit-looking festival lasts for one to three days and is held on an auspicious day before the autumn harvest. On this day every year, the Tibetan people wear festive costumes, some carry colorful flags, some carry the harvest tower made of highland barley and wheat ears, and the harvest tower is tied with white "Hada", holding slogans, some beat gongs and drums, sing songs and Tibetan operas, some carry the portrait of Chairman Mao around the field, and after the circle, people carry tents and highland barley wine, while talking about the past and the present, and some revel in drinking. The commercial department also organizes material exchanges, supplies ethnic special commodities and daily necessities, and purchases local products. After the fruit festival, the intense autumn harvest sowing began.

4. Zhuanshihui

Traditional Tibetan festivals, also known as Mufo Festival and worship of mountain gods. Popular in Ganzi and Aba Tibetan areas. Every year, on the eighth birthday of the fourth lunar month, Kowloon Ye Shui bathes it, so it is also called Mufo Festival. On this day every year, people from far and near in Ganzi Tibetan areas wear national costumes and gather on Happy Valley Mountain and Zheduo River. People first go to the temple to burn incense and pray, and burn paper money. Then turn to the mountains to worship the gods and pray for their blessing. After turning the mountain, we set up tents for picnics and Tibetan operas. Singing folk songs, dancing Pot Zhuang Dance and String Dance, and riders also have horse racing and archery competitions. During this period, people will also hold material exchange activities and other cultural and sports activities.

5. Flower-picking Festival A traditional Tibetan festival in Boyu, Nanping County. It is held on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year for two days. Legend has it that Boyu was a lonely ravine a long time ago. People lived by gathering and hunting, and made clothes with leaves and hides. One day, a girl named Lian Zhi came from far away. She was beautiful, kind and ingenious. She taught the local people to cultivate land, weave and sew clothes, and also picked lilies to treat people. One year, on the fifth day of May, Lianzhi went up the mountain to pick flowers, and was swept off a cliff by the nickel wind and died. People were very sad, so they went up the mountain to collect flowers on this day to commemorate her. Over time, a flower picking festival was formed.

6. Huanglong Temple Fair

Huanglong Temple Fair is a traditional festival of Tibetan, Qiang, Hui and Han nationalities in Aba Prefecture. The annual summer calendar is held in Huanglong Temple in Songpan County on June 15th. Huanglong Temple, located in the mountains at the southern foot of Minshan Mountain in Songpan County, Aba Prefecture, is backed by Xuebao, the main peak of Minshan Mountain at an altitude of more than 5,7 meters. Because the clear spring on the top of the mountain flies down with calcium, it is covered with a milky yellow natural wonder like a Huanglong flying down, inlaid with more than 3,4 colorful places, which are connected and colorful. Later generations built temples to attract believers from neighboring provinces, prefectures and counties to worship with temple fairs, and gradually formed folk festivals.

Every year, from the tenth day of the sixth lunar month, tourists from all over the world come here on horseback, by car or on foot, bringing cooking utensils and tents. At the rally, people should not only watch the scenery of Huanglong Temple, but also hold Tibetan opera performances and folk songs duet. Young brave men will also have wrestling, archery and other activities. June 15th is the climax of the festival. Huanglong Temple and the surrounding hillside forest are lined with various local products, forming a grand material exchange meeting. The old people went into the temple to burn incense and prayed for a safe life. Young people sang and danced all night.

7. Herdsmen's Day

A traditional festival for Tibetan herdsmen in Aba Prefecture. It is held at the beginning of the next month of the lunar calendar every year, and the festival period is generally one week. Before the festival, every household cleaned up and dumped the garbage to the west when the sun was going down, in order to let the flame of the sun melt all the ominous things. Then, families prepare holiday foods such as highland barley wine and yogurt. On the first morning of the festival, fathers and daughters competed for auspicious water. Then, wash your face and hands with auspicious water with milk, burn cedarwood with washed hands, and pray for abundant water plants and prosperous cattle and sheep. Then, the whole family sat around for a feast. Three days before the festival, the villages danced, sang, wrestled and engaged in various recreational activities, and stayed inside the village. Three days later, people began to go from village to village to congratulate each other on a happy holiday. Every night, people gather outside the village, light bonfires and sing and dance.

8. Russian Happy Festival

is a traditional Tibetan festival, which is popular in Muli County. The festival falls on the seventh day of the twelfth lunar month every year. Legend has it that the Muli area was very rich in ancient times, and eight Tibetan branches in Tibet and Yunnan moved to live all the way. On the day of settlement, it was the seventh day of the twelfth lunar month, and people gathered together to sing and dance and indulge in joy. In the future, commemorative activities will be held on this day every year, which will be passed down from generation to generation and become a fixed festival. The day before the festival, families are busy preparing rich food. On the festival day, the whole family sat together and drank a toast. According to the custom, cats and dogs should be given a full meal. If they eat meat first, it indicates a good weather and a bumper harvest in agriculture and animal husbandry in the coming year. At night. People gathered around piles of bonfires. Yes, singing folk songs and dancing

9. Xie Shui Festival

is popular in Mianning County. It is held every year on the sixth day of the third lunar month. Its main contents are praying for rain and praying for children. On that day, the Lama brought frogs, snakes and toads made of Zanba, and one or two people went with each family. When he came to the ditch, the Lama recited the scriptures and put the animals made of Ciba into the water. When they returned, everyone was wearing rain gear and shouting, indicating that it had begun to rain. Then, people went to worship a round tower. There is a knife and a small gong pot in the tower, which represents fertility. Women who have been married for a long time and have no children make a wish to the tower god and pray for children. Nong, who gave birth to a child after worshipping the tower, will go to worship the tower to fulfill his promise that day.

1. Shangjiu Festival

is popular in Baoxing County. It is held on the ninth day of the first lunar month every year. On that day, people gathered at the foot of the mountain, held lanterns and performed lion dances, and danced and sang to their hearts' content. At night, a unique wrestling match between men and women is held, and the result is often that the men lose and the women win, which causes a burst of laughter and pushes the festival activities to a climax.

11. Flower Festival

Also known as Flower Festival, it is popular in Marcand. It is held in June of the lunar calendar every year for 3-5 days, and in some places it lasts for more than 1 days. People take food, tents, ride horses, and go to the wild in droves to enjoy mountain flowers. They set up tents, boiled butter tea, filled with green pear wine, ate and drank, enjoyed flowers and blessed them. At night, light a bonfire and sing and dance. During the festival, there will be wrestling, horse racing and other activities. It is also an opportunity for young men and women to fall in love.

12. Flower-watching Festival

It is called "Ruomu Bird" in Tibetan, which means to watch the mountains. It is held on June 18th of the lunar calendar every year. Generally, the villages are the main ones, and they go to the tent together to play. Every activity lasts from three to four days to more than ten days. During the flower viewing festival, people presented Hada to the guests who came to play, and warmly welcomed them into the cashier's office for hospitality. At night, men and women, old and young, hand in hand, accompanied by a string of bells in the hands of the dance team leader, sang folk songs, danced and danced all night around the campfire.

13. Jockey Club

is popular in Hongyuan County and other places. It is held on the first day of the seventh lunar month every year for one day. Horse racing is a favorite activity of Tibetan people. It is not only a place for farmers and herdsmen to gather and exchange their production experience in their spare time, but also a display of Tibetan people's spirit. Horse racing is almost indispensable in all Tibetan festivals spread by the people. Horse racing not only appears in festivals in the form of motifs, but more importantly, the Tibetan people based on their strong belief in horses have formed such a national traditional "horse racing festival", and this activity has a long history. By then, the Tibetan people in the county and nearby areas will wear traditional national costumes and carry out various forms of horse racing activities from all directions to the racecourse. There are teams with the speed of team competition, relay races, horse racing and archery performances, and horse racing skills, which are very lively. After the horse race, people exchange local products with each other.

14. planting the roof flag

planting the roof flag is a Tibetan holiday custom. Every new year, families will put a red, yellow and white tricolor cloth flag engraved with Tibetan scriptures on the roof. Pray for disaster. The flags vary in height and color. Some are white with red edges, and some are red and yellow with black stripes. Flags are mostly rectangular, but also square and triangular. Some tied flags to flagpoles, while others tied them to tree poles. Some planted a flag, and some planted several flags.

15. Baima Song Festival

is a holiday custom of Baima Tibetans. Popular in Pingwu County, it is held around Tomb-Sweeping Day every year. Baima Tibetans can sing and dance well, and traditional cultural activities are held during the Spring Festival in Han areas. With the development of economy and the introduction of new culture, they have the desire to create their own festivals. The relevant departments took advantage of the situation and held the first Shanzhai Song Festival in 1982. Since then, it has become a convention to hold it once a year.

16. Linka Festival

In Tibetan, it is called "Zimulin Jisang", which means "World Happy Day". Some people call it a "suburban banquet". It is a traditional entertainment day for Tibetan people in Lhasa, Shigatse and Qamdo in Xizang Autonomous Region. The Tibetan calendar is held around May 1st every year, and the festival period is uncertain, and in some places it lasts for more than ten days. At that time, the Tibetan people will take food, highland barley wine, butter tea, card mats, tents, and all kinds of entertainment tools and musical instruments to the elegant and quiet Linka (Tibetan transliteration means gardens and gardens, in which willows are planted, so the people call it "playing in the willows"). Set up a white tent on the lawn and under the old trees, wrap a few sheets or plastic sheets, lay a card mat, play the lyre while drinking butter tea or highland barley wine, and have a picnic together. Some play poker, others.