Short content of anti-epidemic knowledge

1. Little knowledge about fighting the epidemic

Little knowledge about fighting the epidemic 1. Little knowledge about preventing the plague

Plague is caused by rodents and fleas. A special type of HIV disease transmitted by Yersinia pestis to humans and animals. Its initial symptoms and signs are uncharacteristic fever, chills, malaise, pain in the head and limbs, nausea, and sore throat. What is common is that lymphadenitis occurs in the lymph nodes associated with the earliest flea bites. This is bubonic plague. 90% of it occurs in the inguinal lymph nodes, and a few occur in the armpits or neck. The affected lymph nodes become swollen, red, soft, and purulent. , fever is the most common.

The incidence of plague has obvious seasonality. Plague in the south (mainly bubonic plague) mostly occurs in spring and summer, and plague (mainly pneumonic plague) in areas such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau mostly occurs in summer and autumn.

There are three main ways of transmission of plague: 1. Transmission by rat fleas. Rat flea bites are the main way of transmission, and rodents → fleas → humans are the main way of transmission of bubonic plague. The main vector is xenopsylla cheopis and more than 10 species of fleas. 2. Transcutaneous transmission: infection through skin wounds through peeling and eating the skin and meat of sick rodents or direct contact with the pus, blood or sputum of patients. 3. Transmission via respiratory droplets: Patients with pneumonic plague are spread through respiratory droplets through breathing, talking, coughing, etc., and can cause a pandemic of human plague. Under normal circumstances, bubonic plague does not pose a threat to surrounding areas.

Routine preventive measures focus on reducing the likelihood of a person being bitten by an infected flea, coming into direct contact with infected tissue, or being exposed to a patient with pneumonic plague. Avoid flea bites by using insecticides and repellents. Avoid handling rats in rural areas. Implement the "three reports and three no" system. The "three reports" of plague refer to: reporting of dead rats, reporting of suspected plague patients, reporting of patients with unexplained high fever and patients who die suddenly. The "three no's" of plague refer to: do not hunt infected animals without permission, do not strip and eat infected animals, and do not carry infected animals and their products out of epidemic areas without permission

2. What are some tips on disease prevention?

1. Wash your hands frequently: Respiratory secretions such as nasal mucus and sputum from patients with respiratory infectious diseases contain a large number of pathogens, which may be transmitted to healthy people through contact with the secretions. Therefore, special emphasis is placed on paying attention to hand hygiene. health.

2. Drink more water: The climate in autumn is dry and the dust content in the air is high. The human nasal mucosa is easily damaged. Drink more water to keep the nasal mucosa moist, which can effectively resist the invasion of viruses. It is beneficial to the excretion of toxins in the body and purifies the internal environment.

3. Air circulation: To prevent the spread of viruses through the air. To keep the air in the classroom fresh, keep doors and windows open for ventilation. Good ventilation can eliminate 80% of natural bacteria, so natural ventilation and ventilation are very important to keep the air fresh. Students should try their best to move outside the classroom during recess and do not stay in the classroom.

4. Strengthen nutrition: Eat more fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C to ensure adequate nutrition to enhance your own immunity.

5. Strengthen exercise: Pay attention to daily physical exercise, improve the body's immunity and resistance, and enhance the ability to adapt to the external environment.

6. Reasonable work and rest: maintain a regular life, ensure adequate sleep, prevent excessive stress and fatigue from reducing the body's resistance, and try not to go to public places where people gather.

7. Pay attention to cold protection and warmth: In autumn, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and students should add clothes in time according to climate changes.

8. Timely detection and timely medical treatment: If you feel that your body is not adaptable, seek medical treatment immediately to avoid delaying the condition.

9. In addition, immune prevention can be carried out: corresponding vaccination can be carried out before the epidemic season. Vaccinations, such as vaccines against influenza, pneumonia, measles, meningococcal meningitis, etc., prevent corresponding respiratory infectious diseases.

3. Do you have any knowledge about health and epidemic prevention?

1) Prevention and control of infectious diseases in spring

Spring is not only a good time for citizens to go out for "outings" and "spring outings" At the same time, it is still the season when respiratory infectious diseases are prone to occur. Therefore, citizens should pay attention to the prevention of respiratory infectious diseases when living, studying, working, or traveling.

How to prevent respiratory infectious diseases?

1. Develop good personal hygiene habits;

(1) Cover your mouth and nose with a handkerchief or tissue when sneezing or coughing. Don't spit anywhere, and don't throw away toilet paper used for spitting or wiping your nose.

(2) Wash your hands frequently, use soap or hand sanitizer and wash your hands with running water. Do not wipe your hands with dirty towels. Wash your hands immediately after coming into contact with respiratory secretions (such as after sneezing).

(3) Do not share water cups or tableware with others.

(4) Windows in schools, offices or residents’ homes should be opened at least 3 times a day for no less than 10 minutes each time. If there are patients with respiratory infectious diseases around, the number of ventilations should be increased. When opening windows, avoid drafts and keep warm.

(5) Brush your teeth carefully every night (generally not less than 3 minutes). After brushing, rinse your mouth with warm saline. Swishing your head up and gargling can fully rinse the pharynx, and the effect is better.

2. Strengthen physical exercise and enhance resistance

(1) Strengthen outdoor activities and cold-resistant exercise. Pay attention to a balanced diet and ensure adequate rest.

(2) Pay attention to environmental hygiene. During the epidemic season of infectious diseases, try to avoid going to crowded public places.

3. Take precautions

(1) Contact with patients with symptoms of respiratory infectious diseases should be avoided as much as possible.

(2) Masks should be worn in crowded places during the epidemic season.

(3) If you have symptoms such as fever, cough, headache, vomiting, etc., you should seek medical treatment in time. Patients with the above symptoms should wear masks to prevent infecting others.

4. Vaccination can reduce the chance of infection or relieve symptoms. Influenza, meningitis, chickenpox, measles, etc. can all be vaccinated.

(2) Prevention and treatment of intestinal infectious diseases

Summer is the season of high incidence of intestinal infectious diseases, which are mainly transmitted through food, drinking water, daily contact and other channels. Paying attention to environmental hygiene, developing good hygiene habits, and controlling the "mouth and hand barriers" are the keys to disease prevention in summer.

The most important prevention and control measure for intestinal infectious diseases in summer is to cut off the transmission route and prevent "disease from entering through the mouth". The following matters must be paid attention to: (1) Drinking water is safe and hygienic, and kitchens, canteens and toilets are well maintained Disinfect and maintain indoor and outdoor hygiene; conduct harmless treatment of feces and garbage. (2) Promote and implement sharing meals or using public chopsticks and spoons. (3) Pay attention to personal hygiene, develop good hygiene habits, wash hands before meals and after using the toilet, do not drink raw water, and do not eat spoiled and unclean raw or cold food, drinks, etc.

(3) Knowledge on rabies prevention and control

Rabies is also known as hydrophobia, mad dog disease, etc. If a person is bitten or scratched by a crazy animal, he or she will be infected with the rabies virus and may suffer from rabies. More than 90% of human rabies is transmitted by dogs, followed by cats. Rabies patients will have a series of mental symptoms, including high fear, mania, fear of water, wind, light, sound, etc., and gradually develop symptoms such as throat muscle spasm, drooling, paralysis, respiratory and circulatory paralysis, and death. Rate 100.

The best way to prevent rabies is not to keep dogs, cats and other animals; if you already keep dogs, cats and other animals, these animals must be vaccinated against rabies regularly to try to avoid being injured by the animals; if you are injured by a dog After injuries to animals such as cats and dogs, regardless of severity, the wound must be treated promptly, and the human rabies vaccine must be injected at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or anti-rabies virus serum should be injected as directed by the doctor.

(4) Food poisoning

If someone is found to have food poisoning, they should be sent to the hospital for treatment in time. Do not take medicine randomly on your own. The sooner you get treatment, the better. Do not delay.

Stop eating suspicious food immediately and collect and seal it on site for inspection.

It is necessary to protect the scene and collect the patient's vomitus, feces, etc. in time for inspection.

Drinking water: Drink plenty of clean water immediately to dilute the toxins.

Inducing vomiting: Use fingers to compress the throat and vomit out as much food as possible in the stomach.

4. What are the safety knowledge sentences for epidemic prevention

1. What the grassroots need are masks, not slogans; what they need is disinfectant, not saliva.

2. Fighting the epidemic is a top priority. Fighting the epidemic is a "1". If we cannot win this war, everything else is a "0". 3. The fight against COVID-19 is a battle without gunpowder. We must race against time in a wartime state, wartime mechanism, wartime thinking, and wartime methods to fight against the virus and resolutely win the people's war and overall epidemic prevention and control. War, blocking war.

4. There should be no "forgotten corner" in epidemic prevention and control. 5. Epidemic prevention and control is the top priority at present. It is related to the overall situation of reform, development and stability, and to the overall economic and social development.

6. The responsibility for epidemic prevention and control must be consolidated to the most peripheral, the strength must be strengthened to the most frontline, and the measures must be implemented at the most basic level. 7. Establish a working mechanism for joint prevention, joint control, and group prevention and control with "top leaders" taking the lead, "one game of chess" for overall planning, "one network" for prevention and control, and "one pole" for implementation.

8. Grasp to the end and be strict to the end is the best implementation and the most powerful and effective prevention and control. 9. Always tighten the string of "epidemic prevention and control", and strengthen execution and improve combat effectiveness with iron status, iron responsibility, iron style, and iron discipline.

10. Every link of "prevention", "control", "management" and "governance" is a gateway, and everyone is a line of defense. 11. "Confidence" is the best vaccine.

12. Panic is also a terrible "source of infection". 13. A healthy mentality is the "psychological mask" for epidemic prevention and control.

14. Build a strong psychological defense wall against the epidemic. 15. In the face of the epidemic, a positive and optimistic mood and a healthy and upbeat attitude are also a strong immunity.

5. Basic health knowledge for primary school students

Basic health knowledge for primary school students 1. Wash hands before meals and after using the toilet; 2. Do the three things: bathe frequently, get haircuts frequently, and change clothes frequently. ; 3. Cut your nails frequently; 4. Pay attention to reading and writing hygiene: keep your eyes one foot away from the book, your body a fist away from the table, and your hand one inch away from the pen tip; 5. Wash your hands frequently anytime and anywhere; 6. Pay attention to eye hygiene: do not Read under strong light, do not read in a moving car, do not read while lying down, and do not rub your eyes with dirty hands; 7. Do not eat food without hygiene protection, do not eat food that has not been washed, and do not drink raw water; 8. Wash your face in the morning and evening with running water, and do not use towels, washbasins and other items with others; 9. Brush your teeth in the morning and evening, and rinse your mouth after eating; 10. Insist on appropriate physical exercise every day to enhance your physical fitness and maintain good and abundant energy. energy.

When using eye hygiene, primary school students should pay attention to "two dos and two don'ts" (1) Two dos: ① The reading and writing posture should be correct and maintain "one foot, one punch, one inch", that is, the eyes should be away from the book One foot, your body is one punch away from the edge of the table, and your fingers are one inch away from the tip of the pen; ② Take a break after reading and writing continuously for about an hour, or look into the distance for a while. (2) Don’t: ① Do not read or write in too dark light or under direct sunlight; ② Do not read while lying down, walking or riding in a car.

How to pay attention to hygiene while watching TV? ① Do not watch TV for more than 2 hours at a time. After watching TV for 1 hour continuously, you should get up and move for 5-10 minutes; ② The viewer should be at least 2 meters away from the TV screen; ③ The TV should be placed at the height of the viewer’s eyes when sitting Consistent; ④ It is best to turn on a small 3-8 watt lamp indoors to reduce the strong contrast between the screen and the surrounding darkness, which is good for avoiding eye fatigue. How to prevent myopia? ① Pay attention to eye hygiene; ② Insist on doing eye exercises; ③ Balance work and rest, and get enough sleep; ④ Pay attention to nutrition, strengthen exercise, and strengthen physical fitness; ⑤ Check your vision regularly, and correct it in time if it is found to be reduced to prevent myopia from deepening.

How to protect teeth? 1. The most important thing to protect your teeth is to brush and rinse your teeth correctly. Brush your teeth at least twice a day, preferably after every meal.

Brushing your teeth can remove the plaque attached to the teeth, because the bacteria in the plaque will produce acid when they come into contact with food, leading to cavities. If you don't have the conditions to do it, at least rinse your mouth immediately after eating or eating acidic substances.

2. Pay attention to what you eat. Eat a variety of foods, but eat less foods rich in sugar (especially simple sugars).

Because these foods will produce acid in the mouth, which will damage your teeth if it remains in the mouth for a long time. Hard lollipops are especially harmful when eaten by children.

Eating sugary snacks can also lead to tooth decay because most people don’t brush their teeth after snacking. Starchy snacks, such as potato chips, can stick to your teeth.

3. It is best to floss once a day. Dental floss can remove food and plaque remaining between teeth. If plaque remains between teeth, tartar will form and must be removed by a dentist.

4. See the dentist every six months if possible. It is important to have your teeth regularly checked and professionally cleaned.

You should also see your dentist if your teeth or mouth hurt or if your gums are swollen and bleeding. 5. You should still pay attention to exercise more, get rid of bad living habits, eat a balanced and reasonable diet, and balance work with rest.

In addition, if you really have a problem, you should go to the hospital to see a doctor. Commonly used brushing methods: ① Vertical brushing method: This brushing method has a good cleaning effect on the gums and can effectively clean the gaps between teeth. It is a recommended brushing method.

During operation, place the bristles on the gums at a 45-degree angle, then rotate toward the crown, and repeat 8-10 times for each site. When brushing the jaw surface of your teeth, place the brush flat on the tooth surface and pull it back and forth to remove the debris in the pits and fissures.

②BASS tooth brushing method: When brushing the labial and lingual surfaces of the teeth, the bristle head should be pointed at a 45-degree angle to the tooth surface toward the gums. The bristles enter the interdental space and vibrate back and forth in a short distance. Place it flat on the tooth surface and use short-distance vibrations back and forth to clean the pits and fissures. This brushing method has strong cleaning power and can effectively remove plaque on the neck of the tooth and in the gingival sulcus. The BASS tooth brushing method is a short-distance horizontal brushing method. Although it is a horizontal brushing method, due to the short distance, it is almost a vibration. It is not the ordinary horizontal brushing method that greatly pulls and damages the tooth neck.

If you combine the vertical brushing method with the BASS brushing method, the effect will be better. ③ Physiological brushing method: The top of the toothbrush bristles is in contact with the tooth surface, and then the toothbrush is gently brushed toward the gums. This method can promote blood circulation and improve the health of periodontal tissue. It is suitable for children with normal periodontal tissue.

It is generally recommended to brush your teeth once in the morning and once in the evening, and then rinse your mouth after each meal. The brushing time is generally not less than 2-3 minutes each time. Twelve principles of diet for primary school students 1. Pay attention to nutritional balance.

Eat a variety of grains, fruits, vegetables, fish, eggs, milk, etc. in your daily diet, and avoid being partial to food. 2. Eat more soy products. Beans are rich in high-quality protein, have high nutritional value, are cheap, and are easy to digest.

3. Pay attention to food processing methods. When processing food, master the heat and method to minimize the loss of vitamins.

4. Change food colors and varieties to increase children’s appetite. 5. Eat happily.

Stay focused and cheerful when eating. Eating happily can improve the digestibility of food. 6. Chew slowly and slowly. Don't eat too fast, especially for young children. Chew the food more carefully, because chewing more is beneficial to improving the digestibility of food and protecting the stomach.

7. Do not overeat. Eating too much will hurt your stomach and reduce digestion.

8. Do not eat medicated foods. Fortified foods, health foods and other medicated foods should be carefully considered whether they are really needed.

Otherwise, it is equivalent to taking medicine without illness, which is not only useless but also harmful to the body. 9. Don’t take supplements.

Although traditional supplements are beneficial to the elderly and the weak, they have few benefits and many disadvantages for students, so it is better not to take them. 10. Eat less sugar.

Because there are a lot of carbohydrates in daily meals that can be converted into sugar, soda, chocolate, desserts, toffee, etc. in children's snacks should be controlled in moderation and not too much.

11. Eat a good breakfast. Because the nutrients absorbed at breakfast should account for about 30% of the nutrients absorbed throughout the day.

Only in this way can the health and digestive needs of the body be ensured. Therefore, breakfast should have sufficient nutrition and can be made from foods with high nutritional value such as eggs, milk, meat floss, salted eggs, sesame paste, and honey. some choices. 12. Timing and quantification.

This can make the food center in the cerebral cortex form a functional stereotype, make the digestion and absorption system a regular activity, and promote the improvement of digestion and absorption rate.

6. Brief knowledge of bionics

Vibrating gyroscope Flies and spaceships Flies and spaceships Flies have made great contributions to mankind.

Annoying flies seem to have nothing to do with the grand aerospace industry, but bionics has closely linked them. Flies are notorious as "odor chasers", and they can be found in any smelly and dirty place.

Flies have a particularly sensitive sense of smell and can detect odors thousands of meters away. But a fly does not have a "nose", so how does it rely on its sense of smell? It turns out that the fly's "nose"-olfactory receptors are distributed on a pair of antennae on the head.

Each "nose" has only one "nostril" connected to the outside world, which contains hundreds of olfactory nerve cells. If an odor enters the "nostrils", these nerves immediately convert the odor into nerve electrical impulses and send them to the brain.

The brain can distinguish different odorous substances based on the differences in the nerve electrical impulses generated by different odorous substances. Therefore, the fly's antennae act like a sensitive gas analyzer.

Bionics scientists were inspired by this and imitated a very peculiar small gas analyzer based on the structure and function of the fly's olfactory organ. The "probe" of this instrument is not a metal but a live fly.

It is to insert a very thin microelectrode into the olfactory nerve of the fly, and amplify the electrical nerve signal guided by the electronic circuit and send it to the analyzer; once the analyzer detects the signal of the odorant substance, it Can sound an alarm. This instrument has been installed in the cockpit of the spacecraft to detect the composition of the gas inside the cabin.

This small gas analyzer can also measure harmful gases in submarines and mines. Using this principle, it can also be used to improve the input device of the computer and the structural principles of the gas chromatography analyzer.

In addition, the fly's wing (also called the balance rod) is a "natural navigator", and people imitated it to make a "vibrating gyroscope". This kind of instrument has been used in rockets and high-speed aircraft to achieve automatic driving.

Bats and Radar Bats emit an ultrasonic wave that bounces back when it hits an object and is inaudible to humans. Radar was invented based on this characteristic of bats.

Radar is used in various places, such as airplanes, aviation, etc. From fireflies to artificial cold light From fireflies to artificial cold light Artificial cold light Since humans invented the electric light, life has become much more convenient and richer.

However, electric lamps can only convert a small part of the electrical energy into visible light, and most of the rest is wasted in the form of heat energy, and the heat rays of electric lamps are harmful to human eyes. So, is there a light source that only emits light but does not generate heat? Human beings have turned their attention to nature again.

In nature, there are many organisms that can emit light, such as bacteria, fungi, worms, molluscs, crustaceans, insects and fish, etc., and the light emitted by these animals does not produce heat, so it Known as "cold light". Among the many luminous animals, fireflies are one of them.

There are about 1,500 species of fireflies. The colors of the cold light they emit range from yellow-green to orange, and the brightness of the light also varies. The cold light emitted by fireflies not only has high luminous efficiency, but also the cold light emitted is generally very soft, which is very suitable for human eyes, and the light intensity is relatively high.

Therefore, biological light is an ideal light for humans. Scientists have discovered that fireflies have light emitters located on their abdomens.

This light emitter consists of three parts: a luminescent layer, a transparent layer and a reflective layer. The luminescent layer contains thousands of luminescent cells, all of which contain luciferin and luciferase.

Under the action of luciferase, luciferin combines with oxygen to emit fluorescence with the participation of intracellular water. The glow of fireflies is essentially the process of converting chemical energy into light energy.

As early as the 1940s, people created fluorescent lamps based on research on fireflies, which brought about great changes in human lighting sources. Scientists first isolated pure luciferin from the light emitters of fireflies, then isolated luciferase, and then used chemical methods to artificially synthesize luciferin.

A biological light source mixed with luciferin, luciferase, ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and water can be used as a flashlight in mines filled with explosive gas. Since this kind of light has no power source and does not generate a magnetic field, it can be used to clear magnetic mines under the illumination of biological light sources.

People have been able to obtain cold light similar to biological light by mixing certain chemical substances, which can be used as safety lighting. Electric Fish and Voltage Batteries There are many creatures in nature that can produce electricity, and there are more than 500 species of fish alone.

People refer to these fish that can discharge electricity as "electric fish". Various electric fish have different discharge capabilities.

The electric rays, electric catfish and electric eels have the strongest discharge capabilities. A medium-sized electric ray can produce about 70 volts, while the African electric ray can produce up to 220 volts; the African electric catfish can produce 350 volts; the electric eel can produce 500 volts, and there is a South American electric eel. It can produce a voltage of up to 880 volts, making it the electric shock champion. It is said that it can kill large animals like horses.

What is the secret of electric fish discharge? After anatomical research on electric fish, it was finally discovered that there is a strange power-generating organ in the body of electric fish. These power-generating organs are composed of many translucent disc-shaped cells called electroplates or electroplates.

Due to different types of electric fish, the shape, location, and number of electric panels of the generator are different. The electric eel's generator is prismatic and is located in the muscles on both sides of the spine at the tail; the electric ray's generator is shaped like a flat kidney, arranged on both sides of the body's midline, with a total of 2 million electric plates; the electric catfish's generator Originating from some kind of gland, located between the skin and muscles, there are about 5 million electrical plates.

The voltage generated by a single electric plate is very weak, but because there are many electric plates, the voltage generated is very large. The extraordinary ability of electric fish has aroused great interest among people.

In the early 19th century, Italian physicist Volta designed the world's earliest Voltaic battery using the electric fish's power-generating organ as a model. Because this battery is designed based on the natural generator of electric fish, it is called an "artificial electric organ."

Research on electric fish has also given people this revelation: If the power-generating organ of electric fish can be successfully imitated, then the power problems of ships and submarines can be well solved. Jellyfish Ears In nature, jellyfish have been living in sea water as early as 500 million years ago.

"But what does jellyfish have to do with earworms?" People will definitely ask such a question. Because, the jellyfish is there.

7. Tips on preventing bird flu

(1) Immunization. Strictly and conscientiously do the immunization against avian influenza vaccine, especially during the high incidence season of avian influenza, H5N1RE-5 RE-4 and H9 should be immunized every 3 to 4 months. The two avian influenza vaccines should be vaccinated at an interval of 10 Days progress.

(2) Effectively improve feeding and management. Adopt closed breeding to prevent wild birds from entering the poultry house through doors and windows; prevent water sources and feed from being contaminated by wild bird feces; regularly disinfect the poultry house and surrounding environment, strengthen disinfection of chickens, and regularly eliminate harmful insects and harmful insects in the poultry farm. Rodents; dead poultry must be burned or buried deeply.

Do a good job in poultry feeding and management, improve the resistance of the birds, minimize the occurrence of stress factors, pay attention to the seasonal changes between autumn and winter, winter and spring, and do a good job in keeping warm and cold; clean up the feces in time, and also Traditional Chinese medicines such as atractylodes, eugenol, mugwort, artemisia, artemisia annua, safflower, etc. can be used regularly in the chicken house to fumigate the chicken house to reduce the emission of bad gases, thereby reducing the incidence of respiratory and intestinal diseases.

(3) For chickens that die and have reduced egg production rates, Chinese herbal medicine that improves immunity and sensitive antibacterial drugs can be used in time for treatment.