Who is Ma Yuehan?

Ma Yuehan is a famous sports educator in the history of modern sports in China. A flag of China sports, he has published books such as "The Migration Value of Sports" and "Sports We Should Know", 1954. So far, he is the chairman of China Athletics Association and the vice-chairman and chairman of All-China Sports Federation.

Chinese name: Ma Yuehan.

Nationality: China.

Place of Birth: Gulangyu Island, Xiamen, Fujian Province

Date of birth: 1882

Date of death: 1966

Occupation: athlete

Graduate school: St. John's University

Representative works: the migration value of sports, the sports we should know.

Personal profile

Ma Yuehan, male. 19 1 1 graduated from St. John's University. 19 19- 1920 and 1925- 1926 went to Springfield college in the United States to study physical education. When I was in college, I was the main force of the school football, tennis, baseball and track and field teams, and I was good at middle and long distance running. 19 10 won the 880-yard championship and the third place in the 440-yard joint group of the first national games. 65438-0936 was the head coach of the track and field team of China delegation, and participated in the 1 1 Olympic Games held in Berlin. Ma Yuehan worked as a teaching assistant, professor and director of sports department in Tsinghua University from 19 14 to 1966. In the 52 years of physical education teaching practice, I have studied the laws of physical education, consulted the experience at home and abroad, compiled nearly 100 sets of unarmed exercises with different contents, and published books such as "The Migration Value of Sports" and "Sports We Should Know". He actively advocated sports all his life and enthusiastically guided young people to do physical exercise. He is a model, respected, highly valued by the country and respected by the people. Deputies to the first, second and third sessions of the National People's Congress, 1954 as chairman of the China Athletics Association, vice-chairman and chairman of the All-China Sports Federation.

title of honour

Ma Yuehan (1882- 1966), a famous athlete in China, has made valuable contributions in sports theory, sports teaching and sports training, and won people's respect. He insisted on physical exercise all his life and was in excellent health. He is over eighty years old and still full of energy, and is known as "a living example of promoting sports". He worked tirelessly and diligently in a post for 52 years. With the pace of the times, he is also called "a flag of China sports".

all one's life

Ma Yuehan was born in Gulangyu Island, Xiamen, Fujian. He lost his mother at the age of three and his father at the age of seven, and lived a lonely life with his brother. When he was a child, he used to run and jump on the mountain, climb trees, drill caves, play with water and catch fish and shrimp on the beach until dark. Comprehensive physical exercise, plenty of sunshine and fresh air laid the foundation for his healthy body. Due to family difficulties, he didn't attend a private school until 13 years old. After entering the school, he looked at all the houses around him. There was no grass at all. He can't run and jump, so he jumps on stools and stakes. In short, he doesn't want to stay still all day. /kloc-went to Shanghai to attend middle school at the age of 0/8, was admitted to St. John's University at the age of 22, and was promoted to undergraduate course two years later. At that time, there was an unknown person who sent him the minimum living expenses every month until he graduated from college. 19 1 He was 29 when he graduated from college.

During his seven-year study in St. John's University, Ma Yuehan loved sports and was the main player in the school football, tennis, baseball and track and field teams. He is good at sprinting in track and field. He has won the school championship of 100 yard, 220 yard, 880 yard and 1 mile, and won many off-campus competitions. During the period of 1905, a large-scale "World Games" attended by China people and foreigners was held in Shanghai. At the beginning of the mile race, the competition was fierce. Four Japanese people lined up and ran at the front, deliberately blocking other athletes. Followed by a China student, Ma Yuehan was about 10 yards behind this China classmate, and the other 50 contestants were far behind. At this time, hundreds of Japanese spectators stood up, applauded and shouted. At the end of the third lap, Ma Yuehan accelerated, surpassing the previous China students. About 400 yards from the finish line, the audience in China shouted, "Come on, John! Come on! " He realized that it was time for the final sprint and said to the China classmate; "Follow me", he rushed from the Japanese's right. At this time, the cheers of the audience have been "John! John! " Change it to "China! China! " He finally reached the finish line 50 yards ahead. China, the student behind, also surpassed the Japanese, and the second one reached the finish line. Ma Yuehan suddenly became a star in sports. At a national sports meeting in Nanjing on 19 10, he won the 880-yard competition again.

Because of her outstanding athletic ability, 19 14 applied to teach in Tsinghua University in autumn. Since then, he has gradually been promoted from a teaching assistant to a professor and served as the director of the sports department of Tsinghua University. Until the death of 1966, he worked in Tsinghua University for 52 years and devoted his whole life to sports. His main achievements are: popularizing physical education and letting every student take part in exercise. Before Ma Yuehan came to school, Tsinghua had implemented "compulsory exercise", that is, every Monday to Friday from 4 pm to 5 pm, all libraries, dormitories and classrooms were closed, and every student in the school had to wear short clothes to exercise on the playground. However, the "forced exercise" at this time is only a general call for administrative orders. During exercise time, there are people who study in quiet places such as shady trees and corners, and people who go to the playground are not necessarily serious and scientific. After Ma Yuehan came to school, when it was time to exercise, he took a notebook and looked around, not to remember names and give punishment, but to persuade those students who were hiding to exercise and serve the motherland better in the future. He sets an example, exercises with the students, and instructs the exercise methods at any time. He advocates the diversification of exercise programs, so that the body can develop in an all-round way and achieve the purpose of strengthening physical fitness. He often groups students according to their different characteristics, and makes some correction projects in a planned way to guide them to master basic skills such as running, jumping, equipment and ball games, which not only improves their interest, but also enhances their effects.

He is very strict with his students. At that time, Tsinghua had a set of "passing standards for physical fitness tests", such as rope climbing 15 feet, 100 yards 13 seconds, long jump 14 feet and swimming for 20 yards. If a person fails, he can't graduate. He strictly abides by the rules. When Wu Mi, a famous literature professor, was studying at school, his lessons were excellent, but he lost in the long jump and was "detained" by Ma Yuehan. After half a year, he was allowed to go abroad after passing the make-up exam. As soon as the freshmen entered the school, Ma Yuehan had a general arrangement, made plans, when to practice what events, when to have a physical examination, how to keep up with the poor grades, and how to improve the good grades. Ma Yuehan's popularization work has been done thoroughly. 1952, there are a group of tuberculosis patients in the school, living in a dormitory, mainly staying still or moving less, and some are absolutely in bed. Long-term ward life makes them mentally distressed, and some people are depressed. After learning about this situation, Ma Yuehan took the initiative to contact the doctors in the school hospital to implement "exercise therapy" for patients. He went to the ward and said to everyone, "The lungs are not made of paper, and it won't tear if you move them!" He came to the ward with the doctor every day, organized different sports activities according to different conditions, and gradually increased the amount of activities. Later, someone can play badminton and entrust the ball. After a period of physical therapy, drug coordination and nutrition enhancement, most patients have improved, and some patients have resumed work or study after recovery. Especially mentally, patients have established confidence in recovery.

Game result

Ma Yuehan is very studious. He took advantage of a year's concentrated vacation to study at Springfield University in the United States twice in 19 19 and 1925, and wrote dissertations such as Fourteen Years' Sports Experience and the Migration Value of Sports. 1936, he took advantage of his vacation and took part in the Olympic Games as the head coach of China track and field team, and went to Europe and the Soviet Union to give lectures, further enriching himself. How to train according to the physical conditions and characteristics of China people, Ma Yuehan made great efforts and compiled nearly 100 sets of unarmed exercises. The movements and arrangement of these unarmed exercises are unique, and the movements are continuous and lively, which conforms to the law of motion. He also put forward specific guidance on the training methods of track and field and ball games. Tsinghua's early sports teams included football, basketball, tennis, hockey, baseball, softball, water polo, long-distance running, swimming, skating and boxing, and most of them were under his guidance.

Due to the popularity of sports and good training methods, the level of sports in Tsinghua has improved rapidly. During the period from 19 1 1 to 192 1, Tsinghua played 58 foreign football matches, with 44 wins, 7 draws and 7 losses. 19 16 defeated Nanyang Football Team, a southern powerhouse, 3-0 and Shanghai Huadong Football Team in Southeast Asia 2-1. 1At the end of 929, he led the Tsinghua football team to Tianjin to participate in the 6th Competition of North China Sports Federation. There are many powerful football teams participating in this competition, and they are all very eager to win. Some captains promised that their players would go to Japan after winning. As a result, Tsinghua beat all the top teams and won the championship. According to the records of the school magazine at that time, the news came that "the whole school is jubilant like waves in the sea, and everyone's heart is burning with the flame of happiness", and big slogans were posted everywhere, "I am so happy, I want to roll" and "I would like to take off my boots for you". When the team returned to school, people carried Ma Yuehan and others from the school gate into the auditorium (the auditorium was holding a New Year's party) to celebrate. Physical education has become an indispensable part of students' life in Tsinghua, and the improvement of physical education level has further promoted the interest of school teachers in physical education.

moral cultivation

In old China, the order of the stadium and the morality of the athletes were not good. In Tsinghua's team, the atmosphere of complacency was once increasing. Ma Yuehan is determined to change this situation and is strict with the style of sports field. On the one hand, he requires athletes to master skills and be brave enough to win in the competition; On the other hand, it also teaches players not to be proud of winning the game, not to complain about losing the game, not to cheat, not to crush or hit people in the game. 1928, Ma Yuehan led the Tsinghua football team to attend the 5th North China Division Conference. In a competition for the championship, Tsinghua's main player was kicked in the chest by his opponent, stunned, and the whole audience was in an uproar, and it was about to make trouble. Ma Yuehan tried to stop the storm and replaced him. As a result, I lost the game, but I won the praise of the audience and set a good example for sports. In the 1920s, Tsinghua football team had a center with high technical level. But later, he learned a bad style of hooking up and pressing people in society and took them to school court. Ma Yuehan severely criticized and warned him: "If you don't change it, you will be expelled from the team!" The player was criticized before he was allowed to continue playing football. Ma Yuehan often teaches athletes: "You can lose the ball, but you can't lose the sportsmanship." "You don't have to worry about winning or losing foreign competitions, you just want to show all our skills." Ma Yuehan also established a sports meeting with PE teachers from several universities in Beijing at that time-Peking University, Normal University, yenching university and Fu Jen Catholic University, and advocated the establishment of good sports ethics. Since then, the competition has been in good order and played a leading role in society. One year, the Hong Kong football team led by the famous footballer Li Huitang came to Beijing to play football. No one wants to be a referee for fear of being beaten. Ma Yuehan took risks and volunteered to be the referee of the game. As a result, the Hong Kong team lost. At the end of the party, Li Huitang came over and held Ma Yuehan's hand and said; "The referee is fair and good."

theory of physical education

Ma Yuehan has a profound academic foundation and long-term practice, so he has a comprehensive, unique and effective sports theory. When he was in college, he completed several major science courses and finally studied medicine for one year. 1928, he took advantage of the relatively perfect sports facilities in Tsinghua, together with domestic sports celebrities Hao Gengsheng and Zhang Huilan Dong Shouyi, established the Summer Sports School for the purpose of "strengthening the country first" for many times, served as the director and taught the course of "Human Anatomy". His sports theory can be summarized as follows:

(1) Ma Yuehan put forward the famous assertion that "exercise is the source of health" in his early years, and repeatedly emphasized it in the article "How did my health come from" published by 1954. He believes that we should insist on daily exercise, but we should exercise scientifically and not blindly. First, we should have proper exercise and not be afraid of fatigue. Second, it must be regular and lasting; Third, exercise should be comprehensive and diverse. In addition, we should have good hygiene habits, regular work and rest, and proper nutrition. Ma Yuehan practiced this theory. Until his later years, he strictly implemented the schedule of work and rest in his daily life. Get up at six o'clock in the morning, do a set of unarmed exercises first, and then practice Tai Ji Chuan or Taiji sword a few times; Go to the gym to practice nervousness during morning exercises; Go to your classmates after four o'clock in the afternoon to exercise and guide together; Take a walk for a few minutes before going to bed at night, every day and never stop. His body is very healthy. At the age of 80, he still works eight hours during the day and two hours at night. You can travel to Xiangshan by bike on holidays, and you can participate in various events training on weekdays. Can do 40 push-ups in a row. 1958, at the age of 76, he cooperated with a middle-aged teacher and won the tennis doubles championship in Beijing, setting an example for the 76-year-old man to reach the international standard of first-class athletes. Hot summer is not afraid of heat, whether indoors or outdoors, always wear a white shirt neatly, and stay in the sun for a few hours without dizziness; I am not afraid of cold in severe winter and never wear cotton-padded clothes. In the coldest time, I put a wool vest on my white shirt and put a short coat on it when I go out. His very healthy body is the most powerful proof of his theory that exercise is the source of health.

(2) He also believes that "the playground is an excellent place to cultivate students' character, which can criticize mistakes, encourage nobility, cultivate temperament and motivate quality. "Hard exercise can" cultivate young people's brave spirit, strong will, self-confidence, enterprising spirit and determination to win. "He believes that physical education is an important part of education and an important means to cultivate all-round development talents. It can not only make students healthy, but more importantly, it is conducive to the exercise and cultivation of moral quality. 1948, when he received a reporter from the school magazine, he said; I think the most important function of physical education is to cultivate personality, supplement the deficiency of education, teach you to pay attention to yourself and cultivate a kind of' dry, dry, dry!' "Responsible and helpful spirit. So when freshmen come in, I always tell them about sports, sports. Sports is the best tool to cultivate personality. "

(3) He said: "The educational value of sports is not limited to the field of sports, but also affects the whole society." As early as 1926, he wrote the book "the migration value of sports", which discussed this problem in detail and won the prize as one of the main master's papers of Springfield University in the United States. After years of research and practice, he published the article "Sports We Should Know" in 1950, further expounding the scientific basis of sports, the influence of sports on physiology, and the relationship between sports and biology, psychology, sociology, physics, chemistry, music, art and philosophy.

Motherland honor

Ma Yuehan has strong patriotic feelings. This is the main motivation for his diligence and lifelong commitment to sports. When he was a child, he was sad to see that most of his classmates were pale and gentle. He decided to change this situation through sports. When studying at St. John's University, some foreign teachers laughed at China students for being "just stupid, not as good as American children"! Ma Yuehan refused to accept this, so he "quarreled" with the American teacher with facts. After coming to Tsinghua, he often heard that China students suffer indignities in foreign countries, and foreigners called us "the sick man of East Asia", which made him very sad. He later said: "For me, the main consideration is the honor of the motherland." He often says to his classmates, "You should exercise well, be brave, be not afraid, be energetic and do it. When others play baseball and football, you should also play with them. You can play whatever they can, and don't go out and embarrass China people. Don't let people push you, you will fall down. You are afraid when others are cruel. He said; " China students are good at studying abroad; Therefore, I don't think students should fall behind in sports. "In the 1920s and 1930s, some foreigners came to China to engage in sports, which had some positive effects. However, some people are arrogant and look down on China people. On one occasion, the North China YMCA held a track and field competition and invited many China people and foreigners as referees. Ma Yuehan is one of them. In the competition, a China referee is measuring the distance of the long jump. The referee measured the distance from the break of the soil, which was completely correct. But a foreigner ran over and insisted that China was wrong and it was rude to scold the referee in public. The referee was angry, but didn't say anything. At this time, Ma Yuehan ran over and told foreigners in English that there was nothing wrong. Ask him to be polite. Foreigners still stick to their mistakes and continue to curse. Ma Yuehan showed him the English rules and scolded him: "You don't even know the rules, but you have to curse. What are you? Too outrageous. " Foreigners are speechless.

During the Anti-Japanese War, with patriotic enthusiasm, Ma Yuehan went south to Changsha and Kunming with the school, and lived a hard life like all the teachers and students in the school. However, under the extremely difficult material conditions, he still tried his best to carry out sports activities and develop military sports to teach his classmates the ability to resist the enemy and save the country. /kloc-at the end of 0/937, when Nanjing fell, the teachers and students of Changsha Temporary University held an anti-Japanese swearing-in meeting in the playground. The students asked to join the army to participate in the war. Ma Yuehan also spoke at the conference to arouse students' passion for the war of resistance.

Of course, in old China, the good wish of "saving the country through sports" will not come true after all, but a sincere patriotism not only makes Ma Yuehan achieve brilliant achievements in his career, but also allows him to grasp the direction with confidence at critical moments. On the eve of Beijing's liberation, many people from sports circles came to his home to seek "countermeasures". He said: "I believe that the * * * production party will come, education will still exist, and sports will still exist." Someone asked him if it was dangerous for the producer to come. He said meaningfully: "Gold is gold, silver is silver, and copper is copper. As long as we diligently educate young people, the * * * Production Party will welcome us. " He was dragged away, but he refused. Instead, he persuaded others who were leaving to stay.

A flag

Ma Yuehan devoted his whole life to the development of sports in the motherland and truly achieved "loyalty", so he has long been admired by people and enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. Three months after he arrived in Tsinghua, that is, on 19 1438+0 1 month in 2004, he was promoted as a representative of Beijing Sports Association by the school and a judge by the association. Later, he served as a member of North China and the National Sports Association. Since then, he has participated in the organization, training and guidance of almost every North China and National Games.

1965438+participated in the 4th Far East Olympic Games held in Manila as a member of the selection committee in May 2009. 192 1 and 1927, Ma Yuehan participated in the 5th and 8th Olympic Games held in Shanghai respectively. At the latter meeting, he served as the chairman of the track and field Committee and a member of the football Committee and the sports law Committee. 1April, 930, Ma Yuehan served as the head coach of the national team in China for the Far East Games. 1936, as the head coach of China, participated in the 12 World Olympic Games held in Berlin, and then visited the Soviet Union and European countries. 1949 or so, Ma Yuehan is also a member of the American Sports Research Association. From 1925 to 1936, served as the main introducer of Springfield University in China.

After liberation, under the education of the Party, Ma Yuehan's political consciousness improved rapidly. He said; "Under the leadership of the * * * production party, the people have become the masters of the country. We sports workers should enhance our sense of responsibility to the people. We should study politics well, improve our consciousness, study sports science hard, improve our business and serve the people better. " The party and people trust and respect him, endow him with a higher position and play a greater role. In June, 1949, 10 and 1952, he was elected as the vice chairman of the National Sports Federation twice. 1953 was appointed as a member of the state sports commission by the central people's government in September; 1954 in September, was elected as the representative of the first National People's Congress; 1956 10 was elected president of the National Sports Federation in June. He served as the chief referee of two National Games before ten years of turmoil. Chairman Mao, Commander-in-Chief Zhu and Premier Zhou all met and talked with him. During the First National People's Congress, Commander-in-Chief Zhu specially invited him to take a group photo as a souvenir. At a political consultation meeting in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Premier Zhou told him that sports are of great significance to national defense and production and construction, which greatly encouraged him. At that time, he said firmly: "I will devote all my energy to the development of sports in the motherland!" " "

As early as September 1939, Tsinghua, a teacher and student of Kunming Branch of National Southwest Associated University, had a party to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Ma Yuehan's service in the school. In addition to many warm congratulations, I also gave him a gold watch that was "not bad for 50 years", hoping that he would once again serve in the school as "as constant as a watch, as the sun rises". 196 1 year, Tsinghua University teachers and students held a party to congratulate Ma Yuehan on his eightieth birthday. President Jiang Nanxiang congratulated him on behalf of the school. He said: "For half a century, Ma Lao has been serving the sports cause and doing his best. He is the oldest and best in the school." Rong Gaotang, representative of the State Sports Commission, said: "Ma Lao can still have such a body at the age of 80, and sports can promote health. Ma Lao is a living proof. " 1964, Tsinghua's teachers and students got together again to congratulate him on his fifty years in school. President Jiang Nanxiang once again delivered a long speech, congratulating him on behalf of all the teachers and students, saying, "Teacher Ma Yuehan, handsome and full of vigor, is a living example of advocating sports. He has worked tirelessly in a job for half a century. He is over 80 years old and is still working vigorously. With the victory of socialism and the continuous progress of Tsinghua University, Mr. Ma Yuehan has given full play to his talents and role in the socialist sports cause and has become a banner in the sports world of China. "