What are the personal data of Su Shi and Yang Wanli?

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Su Shi (1037 ~11year), a famous writer, painter and calligrapher in the Song Dynasty, was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now Meizhou, Sichuan). He, his father Su Xun and his younger brother Su Zhe are all famous literary figures, and they are called "Sansu" in the world. It is the same as the "Three Cao Fathers and Sons" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi) in the late Han Dynasty.

His father, Su Xun, was mentioned as "Su Laoquan" in The Amethyst at the age of 27. Su Xun got angry late, but he worked hard. In his later years, Su Shi recalled his childhood and his father's school life and felt deeply influenced by his father. Of course, without Su Xun's hard study, Su Shi could not have received a good tutor since he was a child, let alone "learning the history of classics, which is a thousand words every day", and let alone having a future literary master.

In the first year of Jiayou (1056), 20-year-old Su Shi left Sichuan for Beijing to take the imperial examination for the first time. The next year, he took the exam of the Ministry of Rites, won the appreciation of Ouyang Xiu, the examiner, with an article on punishment and loyalty, and became a scholar in high school.

In the sixth year of Jiayou, Su Shi took the China Middle School Examination, which is usually called "Three-year Beijing Examination", entered the third class, and signed a book for the Dali judge. Later, his father died in Bianjing, and Ding returned to his hometown. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to China after his term of office, and he was still given a post.

Su Shi has been away from Beijing for several years, and great changes have taken place in North Korea. After Zongshen succeeded to the throne, Wang Anshi was ordered to support the political reform. Many of Su Shi's teachers and friends, including Ouyang Xiu, who first appreciated him, were forced to leave Beijing because they disagreed with the implementation of the new law by the new country Wang Anshi. The old rain in the ruling and opposition parties faded away, and what Su Shi saw in his eyes was no longer the "peace in the world" he saw at the age of twenty.

On his way back to Beijing, Su Shi saw the harm of the new law to ordinary people, so he disagreed with Prime Minister Wang Anshi and thought that the new law could not facilitate the people, so he wrote a letter against it. As a result, like his teachers and friends who were forced to leave Beijing, they were not allowed to stay in the court. So Su Shi asked for release and was transferred to Hangzhou to serve as a general.

Su Shi stayed in Hangzhou for three years. After his term, he was transferred to Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places.

This lasted for about ten years, and Su Shi met the first disaster in his life. At that time, someone deliberately distorted his poems and made a big fuss. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi arrived in Huzhou for less than three months, and was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems satirizing the new law and "slandering the monarch", which is known in history as Wutai Poetry Case.

Su Shi spent 103 days in prison, almost on the verge of being beheaded. Su Shi was spared because of the national policy of not killing ministers during Mao's reign in the Northern Song Dynasty.

After he was released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to Yong Lian of Huangzhou Regiment (equivalent to the vice captain of modern civil self-defense forces). This position is quite humble, and at this time, Su Shi has been disheartened after this prison. In his spare time, he leads his family to reclaim wasteland and farms to help make a living. The nickname "Dongpo lay man" was given to him at this time.

In the seventh year of Yuanfeng in Song Shenzong, Su Shi left Huangzhou and took office in Ruzhou. Due to the long distance and tiring journey, Su Shi's children died unfortunately. Ruzhou is a long way, and the toll has been exhausted. Coupled with the pain of losing his son, Su Shi wrote to the court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being, and to live in Changzhou first, and then was approved. When he was ready to return to Changzhou, Zongshen passed away.

Zhezong succeeded to the throne, Wang Anshi's power declined, and Sima Guang was re-enabled as the phase. Su Shi was recalled to North Korea on 1949. After that, in a short period of one or two years, Su Shi was promoted from the governor of Dengzhou to the bachelor of Hanlin and became the minister of the highest etiquette department.

As the saying goes, "Beijing officials are not easy to be." When Su Shi saw the emerging forces desperately suppressing the figures of Wang Anshi Group and abolishing the new law, he thought that they were just birds of a feather with the so-called "Wang Dang" and made suggestions to the emperor again.

So far, Su Shi can neither tolerate the new party nor forgive the old party, so he once again asked for external adjustment. As a bachelor of Longtuge, he went to Hangzhou as a prefect again after a long absence of 16 years. Su Shi's only achievement in Hangzhou is to build a major water conservancy project and a dam next to the West Lake, which is the famous "Su Causeway".

Su Shi lived happily in Hangzhou. He compared himself with Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty. But not long after, Wang Anshi came to power again and he was recalled to North Korea. But soon he was released to Yingzhou because of his political disagreement. In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), the new party came to power again. He was demoted to Huizhou and placed in Danzhou (now Danxian County, Hainan Province) by Biejia and Changhua Army on the charge of "ridiculing the first dynasty". After Hui Zong acceded to the throne, he was transferred to Lianzhou for resettlement, and Zhou Shu was appointed as Deputy Special Envoy and Yongzhou for resettlement. In the third year (1 10 1), Fu Yuan was pardoned to restore the identity of the DPRK. On his way back to the north, he died in Wenzhong, posthumous title. At the age of 66.

Su Shi's literary and artistic achievements

Su Shi's literary view comes down in one continuous line with Ouyang Xiu's, but he emphasizes the originality, expressiveness and artistic value of literature. His literary thoughts emphasize "doing something but not doing something", advocate nature, get rid of bondage, and advocate "innovating statutes and releasing wonderful ideas". He believes that composition should be "like running water, with no definite quality at first, but always do what you should do and always stop where you can't stop." The artistic realm of "natural arts and sciences, myriad gestures" ("Thank the teacher's book"). Su Shi's prose works are rich, and he is as famous as Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Ouyang Xiu. The style of the article is concise, fluent and unrestrained. Shi Dehong's "Postscript Dongpo (Left and Right) Pond" says: "His pen is like flowing water, and his waves naturally write." Su Shi and Ouyang Xiu, both called "Ou Su", are one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties".

After Su Shi was promoted wholeheartedly, Huang Tingjian and Qin Guan went out of his door.

There are about 4,000 existing Su poems, which are broad in content and diverse in style, but mainly bold and varied in brushwork, with romanticism, which has opened up a new road for the development of Song poetry. Xie Zhou's "Original Poetry" said: "The realm of Su Shi's poetry is unparalleled in ancient and modern times, and everything in the world is inspired by his pen." Zhao Yi's "Ou Bei Shi Hua" said: "It is a spectacular sight for a generation to take Wen as poetry and go from Changli to Dongpo Yida. ..... Especially those who can't reach it are born with a healthy pen, as calm as a sad pear, and cut it together quickly. There is a hidden meaning that must be achieved and there is no difficulty in showing it. Therefore, after Li and Du, it is a big family, not as good as Li and Du Erchu. "

There are more than 340 poems by Su Shi, which break through the narrow theme of writing about love and parting between men and women and have a wide range of social contents. Su Shi occupies a special position in the history of China Ci. He extended the spirit of the poetic innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty to the field of Ci, swept away the traditional style of Ci since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, created an unrestrained style of Ci that stood side by side with the graceful school, expanded the theme of Ci, enriched the artistic conception of Ci, broke through the boundary between poetry and poetry, and made great contributions to the innovative development of Ci. His representative works include Nian Nujiao and Shuidiao Tou, which created a precedent in the field of unrestrained poetry and was called "Su Xin" together with Xin Qiji. Liu Chenweng's Preface to Xinjiaxuan said: "The word reaches Dongpo, upright, poetic and literary, like the wonders of heaven and earth."

Su Shi is also good at regular script, and he is also called "Song Sijia" with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang. He studied under the famous artists of Jin, Tang and Five Dynasties, and worshipped Wang Sengqian, Li Yong, Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi, and became a family of his own. Ziyun: "I can't have published a book"; There is another cloud: "Be upright and innovative, not practice the ancients." Huang Tingjian said that he: "In his early years, his pen was not as natural as his boss"; Another cloud said: "When I arrived in Huangzhou, my pen was very strong." In his later years, he was influenced by overseas storms. Besides, his knowledge, mind and knowledge are outstanding everywhere, and his life is full of ups and downs. His calligraphy style is rich and naive. You can imagine that he is a person by looking at his calligraphy. People and books respect each other. At that time, his brothers, sons and nephews all studied under you, Mai and Guo, and so did his friends and Zhao Lingzhi. Later, famous historical figures such as Li Gang, Han Shizhong, Lu You, Wu Kuan and Zhang Zhidong in Qing Dynasty also learned from him, which shows its great influence. Huang Tingjian said in "Valley Collection": "Those who are good at books in this dynasty should take (Su) as the first."

Su Shi painted bamboo with ink, which is more concise than literature and has the tendency of dancing. Mi Fei said that he "made ink bamboo, from the ground to the top. I asked: Why not divide it into sections? Say: when bamboo is born, why is it born one by one? " He is also good at making ancient trees and strange stones. Mi Fei also said: Make dead branches and distort them for no reason; The stone is hard and strange and unreasonable, such as the depression in its chest. "It can be seen that his paintings are very whimsical. His theory of painting and calligraphy is outstanding and his painting theory has far-reaching influence. For example, attaching importance to the spirit likeness, advocating the feelings outside the painting, painting should be entrusted with something, opposing the similarity of forms and the limitation of procedures, advocating the unity, artistry and freshness of poetry and painting, and clearly putting forward the concept of "literati painting", which laid a theoretical foundation for the subsequent development of "literati painting". The existing books include Huangzhou Cold Food Poem, Cliff Ode, Thank the Teacher's Paper and several essays in Sacrifice to the Yellow Emperor. The surviving paintings are "Ancient Wood and Strange Stone"; The "Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stone Scroll" discovered in recent years is also his work.

Su Shi made great achievements in poetry, prose, ci, calligraphy and painting in Song Dynasty. He is a rare literary genius in the history of China.

Su Shi's chronicle

The first year of Renzong Tiansheng in the Northern Song Dynasty-the eighth year of Jiayou (1023- 1064)

1036 Su Shi was born

1054 Marry Wang Fu

1057 gold; Mother's funeral; Filial piety (1057.4- 1059.6)

1059 family to Kyoto

106 1 Judge Ren Fengxiang

The first year of Yingzong Zhiping-four years (1064- 1068)

1064 Museum of Professional History

1065 wife's funeral

1066 father's funeral; Filial piety (1066.4-2068.7)

The first year of Zongshen Xining-the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1068- 1086)

Marry Wang Runzhi.

1069 returned to Beijing; Office history museum

107 1 any supervision; As an ordinary judge in Hangzhou

1074 ren mizhou satrap

1076 was appointed as Xuzhou prefecture.

1079 as Huzhou satrap; Be put in prison

1080 exile in huangzhou

1084 to Changzhou

1085 to Dengzhou; Ren Dengzhou satrap; To Kyoto; Ren Zhongshu Scheeren

Zhezong (1086- 1 100) was in the reign of Yuan You (1085- 1093).

Hanlin bachelor's knowledge 1086 imperial edict.

1089 was appointed governor of Hangzhou and commander of the western Zhejiang military region.

109 1 is the official minister; To Kyoto; Ren Yingzhou satrap

1092 as Yangzhou satrap; Ministry of war history; Minister of rites

1093 wife's funeral; The queen mother died; Adjust the prefectural satrap; Commander of Hebei Military Region

1094 to Huizhou; Exile Huizhou

1097 to Hainan; Exile in Danzhou, Hainan

Hui Zong (11-1126) came to power (1 100).

1 10 1 return to the north; Go to Changzhou; stop

The Northern Song Dynasty perished.

Su Shi's three wives

Su Shi's wife, Wang Fu, is a young and beautiful woman from Qingshen, Meizhou, Sichuan. She knows books and is polite. She married Su Shi at the age of 16. She can be called Su Shi's right-hand man and has a story of "listening behind the scenes". Su Shi is broad-minded and relatively negligent in dealing with others, so Mr. Wang listened behind the screen and told Su Shi his advice. Wang Fu and Su Shi died after living for eleven years. According to his father Su Xun's last words, Su Shi was buried next to your mother's grave, and personally planted 30,000 pine trees on the mountain where Wang Fu was buried to show his condolences. Ten years later, Su Shi wrote "Jiang Chengzi Chasing Dreams", which was regarded as Wang Fu's first mourning speech: ten years of life and death are boundless. Never think, never forget. Thousands of miles away in a lonely grave, there is nowhere to talk about desolation. Even if you don't know when to meet, your face is covered with dust and your temples are like frost. When night came, my dream suddenly came home. Xiao Xuan window, get dressed. Care for each other without words, only a thousand lines of tears. It is expected that it will be heartbroken every year, and on the moonlit night, it will be short and loose.

Su Shi's second wife, Wang Runzhi, was Wang Fu's cousin and married Su Shi in the third year after Wang Fu's death. She is eleven years younger than Su Shi. She admired Su Shi since she was a child, with a gentle nature and always relied on Su Shi. Wang Runzhi spent the most important 25 years with Su Shi. After Wutai Poetry Case and Huangzhou's relegation, he shared joys and sorrows with Su Shi in the ups and downs of his official career. Twenty-five years later, Wang Runzhi also died before Su Shi. Su Shi was heartbroken and wrote a eulogy: "I'm going home, I'm going back to Yuan Qiu. Once a little, abandoned me first. Who welcomes our gate and feeds our fields? There is nothing we can do! Tears have dried up. I don't appreciate traveling abroad. Only the same point, still repeat this statement. Hey! " One hundred days after his wife's death, his friend and great painter Li Longmian was asked to draw ten arhats. When the monk was asked to recite the scriptures for her and live in heaven, these ten statues were dedicated to the dead soul of his wife. After Su Shi's death, Su Zhe buried him with Wang Runzhi, realizing his wish of "sharing only a little" in front of the monument.

Su Shi's third wife, Wang Chaoyun, is his concubine, 26 years younger than Su Shi. When Su Shi was in the most difficult time, Wang Chaoyun always accompanied him. Wang Chaoyun is Su Shi's confidante, and Su Shi wrote the most poems to Wang Chaoyun, calling her "Vimo Goddess". Unfortunately, eleven years passed after Chao Yun was rehabilitated, that is, he died before Su Shi. After Chao Yun's death, Su Shi has been widowed and never married again. In accordance with Chaoyun's wishes, Su Shi buried his dead wife in the pine forest under the Great Sage Tower of Qi Temple at the southern foot of Gushan Mountain in Huizhou West Lake, and built six pavilions beside the tomb as a memorial. The couplet written is "out of date, only Chaoyun can know me; A person plays the old tune and misses you every time it rains. " There is a famous allusion in this couplet: "Dongpo retired from the DPRK for one day and ate." Gu walked slowly and said to his servant, "What is the way of your generation?" A maid suddenly said, "All articles", but Poe disagreed. Another person said,' full of knowledge'. Poe didn't expect when. When he reached the clouds, he said, "The belly of a bachelor is out of date. Poe burst out laughing. Chaoyun Tomb has now become a scenic spot in Hainan.

Su Dongpo's Jueming Poem:

The heart is like a gray forest, and the body is like a ship that is not tied.

I heard that you have made great achievements in your life, Danzhou, Huizhou and Huangzhou.

He wrote a poem two months before his death. He improvised a poem after seeing Li's portrait for him.

Sushi's anecdotes

1, Su Shi "bullied" the teacher.

Su Shi, a scholar in the examination, wrote a big article in the Spring and Autumn Period called "On Punishment Loyalty", which contains the following paragraphs:

When Yao was in power, he was a scholar and always killed people. Hao Tao said "kill the third" and Yao said "kill the third", so the world was worried about the severity of law enforcement in Hao Tao, while Le Yao adopted a lenient punishment. Siyue said "guns can be used", Yao said "no, guns can command clans", and then he said "try it". He Yaozhi didn't listen to Hao Tao's murder, but used four mountains. However, the sage's intention can also be seen.

Examiner Mei Sheng was amazed at Su Shi's article, but he was not sure about the above contents. When Su Shi visited Mei, he asked about the origin of Yao and dialogue. Su Shi smiled and replied, "Of course."

In fact, the above allusion comes from the Book of Rites, which happened to the Duke of Zhou. Su Shi wrote about Yao in the exam, but he was cheated by Mei Sheng, which shows that his skill is extraordinary.

2. Dongpo Meat

When Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou, there was a famous doggerel in Ode to Pork: "Huangzhou is a good pork, but the price is worthless. The rich refuse to eat, and the poor don't know how to cook. Reduce the fire, release less water, and the firepower will be beautiful. Get up and play a bowl every day. If you are full, you can't take care of eating. " The "slow fire, less water, beautiful when the fire is strong" here is the famous cooking method of Dongpo meat. Su Dongpo was later appointed as the governor of Hangzhou, building Su Causeway and building water conservancy projects, which was deeply loved by the people. And this "Dongpo Meat" followed closely, and became famous in Hangzhou, becoming a famous local dish.

3. Su Shi checked out

Su Shi lived in Changzhou in his later years. He spent his last savings and bought a house. He is preparing to move in another day. By chance, he heard an old woman crying sadly. He asked the old woman why she was crying. The old woman said that she had a house that had been handed down for a hundred years and was sold by unscrupulous children, so she cried very sadly. Looking carefully, it turns out that the house that Su Shi bought is what the old woman called the ancestral home. So Su Shi said to her, "I sold Yi's former residence, so there is no need to feel deeply distressed. Now it's time to return the house to Yi. " Su Shi immediately burned the deed, but rented a house to live in. In July this year, he died in a rental house. (See Zhou's "Liang Manzhi")

Yang Wanli (1 127 ~ 1206) was a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. The word ting xiu. Jizhou Jishui (now Jiangxi) people. In the twenty-fourth year of Shaoxing (1 154), he was a scholar, awarded the title of secretary of Ganzhou, and later transferred to Lingling County, Yongzhou (now Hunan). At this time, Zhang Jun, a famous Southern Song Dynasty star, lived in Yongzhou. He encouraged Yang Wanli to learn from Cheng, so he named his library Cheng Zhai, which was called Mr. Cheng Zhai by the world.

In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1 162), Xiaozong succeeded to the throne and Zhang Jun was re-employed. Yang Wanli was recommended as a professor in Lin 'an, but he was unable to go to his post because of his father's funeral. After the expiration of filial piety, I learned that Longxing Prefecture is Fengxin (now Jiangxi) county. When he was in office, he banned bribery and won the hearts of the people. After walking on the main road for six years (1 170), he embarked on "Thirty Ways of Thinking" and expressed his opinions on such major issues as "Jundao", "National Conditions", "Cure the Root", "Talents", "Criminal Law" and "Civil Affairs", which were highly valued by the Prime Minister and Yu. The following year, Zhang □ (the son of Zhang Jun), an agreement, was detained for opposing the appointment of Zhang Guifei. Yang Wanli refused to stay and wrote to, urging him to help justice. Although Zhang was still relegated, Yang Wanli's words and deeds were praised by public opinion. Repeated relocation will make you a young prison. In the first year of Xichun (1 174), he was appointed as a foreign magistrate in Zhangzhou, and soon became a magistrate in Changzhou. In the sixth year of Xichun, he was promoted to the tea supervisor in Changping, Guangdong Province, and was promoted to the supervisor of Guangdong Province. In the ninth year of Xichun, she quit her job because of her mother's funeral. After serving for eleven years, he returned to Hangzhou, served as the foreign minister in the official department, and was promoted to a doctor. The next year, due to the earthquake, he wrote a letter to Xiaozong, suggesting that he "handle emergency affairs and carefully prepare the enemy's strategy", "manage ships to seize the danger" and "enrich the country and the people". Thirteen years, moved to the Privy Council, served as Crown Prince, and recommended Zhu, Shu Yuan and other 16 talents to the Prime Minister. After changing jobs to a secretary, there is less supervision. After the death of Emperor Gaozong, Wanli fought for the temple sacrifice for Zhang Jun, angered Xiaozong and learned about Yunzhou (now Gao 'an, Jiangxi).

In the sixteenth year of Xichun (1 189), Guangzong ascended the throne, and Yang Wanli was called to the DPRK as secretary supervisor. At the end of the year, the Golden Mission sent messengers to congratulate Zheng Dan, and Wan Li was sent as his entourage. In this trip, there are many poems. In the year of Shao Xiyuan (1 190), he was sent to Jiangdong for transshipment. At this time, Chaoyi wanted to travel to counties in the south of the Yangtze River with iron money. He opposed and refused to serve the imperial edict. Therefore, he was angry and was appointed as the governor of Ganzhou. Wan Li didn't arrive at his post and asked to return home. Since then, he has lived in the village for 15 years. After taking the throne, Ning Zong was called to serve in the DPRK many times, but he refused to resign. In Kathy's second year (1206), he died at home. Before he died, he wrote his last words: "My head is so big that I can't serve my country, only loneliness and anger", which reflects the same feelings of worrying about my country as Lu You's poem "Xiuzi".

Poetry Creation and Poetics Today, there are more than 4,200 poems written by Yang Wanli, many of which are quite substantial. Since his first book of poetry, Jianghu Collection, he has written some works that care about national security. For example, "Reading Guilt's Imperial edict" advised Xiaozong to change his strategy halfway because of frustration in resisting gold; "Tao meets the turtle pavilion study room" to express indignation at the rise of the party and state and the expulsion of Zhongliang; Therefore, Shao Shi Zhang Weigong's promise "deeply deplores the regret of patriotic minister Zhang Jun". In the winter of 16 years, Xichun was ordered to meet the ambassador in the north and cross the Yangtze River and Huaihe River. He was filled with grief and indignation, and wrote a poem, including the famous Four Poems on Entering the Huaihe River for the First time: "It is not good for people to go to the Huaihe River when the boat leaves the Hongze River. Why is Sanggan far away, and the north of the middle stream is the end of the world! " "The elders in the Central Plains don't talk empty words, but when they meet the king, they can't stand it." However, he returned to Hong Kong and could not speak. He goes to Jiangnan once a year. The Huaihe River Basin was originally the territory of the Song Dynasty, but now the Huaihe River has become the border of the Song and Jin Dynasties, and the people north of the middle reaches, that is, Tianya and the north and south, have lost the freedom of communication. Looking back on the past, the poet is full of emotions, that is, he sends his feelings to the scenery and others, reaching the artistic realm of "poetry is absolutely tasteless" ("Zhai Cheng Shi Hua"). In addition, like "the first mountain in the southeast of Xuyi Army", "the white ditch outside the gap is old, and the water is moved to the front of Huaihe River today"; In Ji Xiao in the Snow, Deng Jinshan's poems, such as "The great river is always the shame of others, and the golden mountain is always the sorrow of others", as well as "Crossing the Yangtze River Bridge to see the distance", "Crossing the Yangtze River" and "After the rain, it is bright at dusk", also show his patriotic feelings.

Yang Wanli also wrote some poems reflecting farmers' working life, such as "Songs of Bamboo Branches" and seven poems about boatmen sailing on rainy nights: "Fortunately, it's warm in the sun all night, so why bother to send more rain to the wounded soldiers?" I know Nong Li's shoes are leaking, so I have to drag my feet! "Concerned about the hard-working underclass. Ten Explanations of Ding Wei's Ci was written when he passed by Dangtu and saw Ding Wei repairing the embankment. Its purpose is to "give Ding Wei a song to those who repair Ding Wei to help them". This poem describes the benefits brought by water conservancy projects in an appreciative way. The song of transplanting rice seedlings describes the intense labor of farmers in the rain. For example, "Half an inch of barren hills are bare, and the land tax is not full" (Travel Notes on the Road of Morning Cooking and Lacquer Bridge in Fakong Town), "Taicang does not send new jade grains, but dares to slip the spoon first" (Miscellaneous Road into the City) and "Compassion for farmers", "Compassion for drought", "Peasant sigh" and "Autumn sigh" all start from different angles.

Yang Wanli's poems are very distinctive in artistic style and expression. His poems are the introductory works of Jiangxi Poetry School. The Preface to Jianghu Collection says: "I have written less than 1,000 poems, all of which were burned in July of Renwu, Shaoxing, probably in Jiangxi style." In the preface of his second collection of poems, Jing Xi Ji, it is said that he studied Jiangxi first, then Chen Shidao's Five Laws and Wang Anshi's Seven Musts, and later studied the poems of the late Tang Dynasty. It was not until he was 565,438+0 years old that he "suddenly realized". Jump out of the rut of others, find another way, and look for poetry in the face of nature: "Go back to the garden, climb the ancient city, gather chrysanthemums, climb over the flowers and bamboos, and present them in poetry." "If Gaihui refuses to go, the former is not pushed, while the latter is forced." He wrote in Xu Jin's Poems and Postscripts: "I am ashamed to pass on the tradition, and writers have their own romantic feelings." Let's rest under the hedge of Huang Chen, and Xie Tao will stand out before he leaves. Yang Wanli's poems finally got rid of the ethos that Jiangxi poetry school divorced from life, imitated the ancients and deliberately forged the rhythm of words and phrases, and formed a unique "sincere style" that had great influence on later generations.

The formation of Chengzhai style is related to the "living method" advocated by Yang Wanli. "Living method" was first put forward by Lv Benzhong, the author of "School Map of Jiangxi Poetry Society", which means "it can be irregular, unpredictable and not against the rules" (preface to Xia Jun's father's collection). Yang Wanli's "living method" also contains this meaning, but the foothold is to learn from nature. His poetry friend Zhang Yong said: "The spirit of nature is endless, and you can catch up with it immediately." How many words do you know at present, it is rare to live poetry first. "Yang Wanli's" living method "lies in his escaping from nature, being good at capturing fleeting and fleeting natural interests and expressing them in vivid, lively and changeable language.

Accordingly, the outstanding feature of Chengzhai style is that it is good at skillfully absorbing the characteristics and dynamics of natural scenery. For example, "Wang Yun Shan Xing A Xiao Xing": "If you want to know before dawn, there are considerable peaks everywhere." However, one of the peaks suddenly grew up, and we knew it was a real mountain. "Newly opened Lake in Dubaoying County": "The clouds in the sky press the water, and the waves in the lake hit the clouds." There are no flat forest trees in the middle, so the water is too beautiful to be torn. "They are all novel, lively and interesting. Not only that, the author also expresses the "liveliness" of interest through the "liveliness" of scenery. For example, "Passing by Songyuan Chenchu Paint Shop": "Mo Yan has no difficulty going down the mountain, and he earned the wrong favor from pedestrians. "Just as we entered the mountain circle, one mountain gave up another. Most of these poems are rich in imagination, strange and strange, vivid in scenery and interesting in expression, and equally lively in expression, with one stroke turning and one scene turning, which is dizzying.

Another feature of Chengzhai style is humor. Everything in nature, from mountains and rivers to bees and butterflies, is packaged into poems, which are so humorous that Jiang Kui has a joke that "mountains and rivers are afraid to see the king everywhere". Laugh at bees, dragonflies, children, stars and the moon, and play with pens. Are full of sense of humor. Some poems can also contain irony and anger in humor, such as "Watching Jin Huashan on the beach of Hengshan Mountain": "The teacher only believes in the boat flow and does not make plans for the beach." But she was so scared that she turned the stern into the bow three times. As for "mocking Huai Feng": "Don't sweep the clear sky and fog in the north, just roll up the Wolf Head Mountain!" Look at the ant: "How much can a micro-body get?" After a hunt, the cars are full! " The irony is even more obvious.

The language is simple, natural and lively, and the proper choice and integration of proverbs and sayings into poetry is another feature of "sincere and quick style" Compared with the Jiangxi school's search for uncommon classics, the use of uncommon words, the difficulty of rhyming and the creation of strange sentences, this is obviously a bold liberation. The Preface to Zhuzhi Songs says that the boatman is a song, which means "chanting and teasing", indicating that he has also absorbed the language form of folk songs. For example, "Ba Fengbo" wrote: "Fengbo advised you to have a drink. Why did you play a bad play to shock your poetry!" Can you help me? The willow on the shore turned around and shook hands with her! "It can reflect the characteristics of Chengzhai style.

At that time, Yang Wanli was as famous as Lu You and Fan Chengda, and enjoyed a high reputation in the Southern Song Dynasty, and was praised by some poets in the Northern Jin Dynasty (Liu Qi's Gui Qian Zhi Volume 8). However, Yang Wanli's poems are not as good as Lu You's and Fan's in content: his works about state affairs are far less painful than Lu You's, and his works about people's livelihood are not as profound as Fan Chengda's, and the number is much less. Yang Wanli's main achievement is to adopt the "living method" to "follow the wind month by month" in all aspects. Although "Chengzhai Style" is unique in conception, material selection and style, its theme is trivial, its realm is not very broad, and sometimes it pursues interest too much, which leads to the lack of necessary artistic generalization in some poems. Language is sometimes used indiscriminately, so that later generations have the ridicule of "being smart" and "glib". His seven-character quatrains had a great influence on Jianghu poets in the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty and Guo and others in Qing Dynasty.

Yang Wanli's poetic theory is mainly found in Chengzhai Poetics and some prefaces. He emphasized the social function of poetry, and thought that poetry was "a tool to correct the world" (poetics), and thought that poetry should do something, play a role in promoting the good and satirizing the evil, and could not moan without illness. In terms of expression, he attaches importance to euphemism and implication, and attaches importance to "meaning" and "taste". The "taste" of his poems not only inherits the characteristics of Si Kongtu's "verve" theory, but also is influenced by the poetic theory of Jiangxi Poetry School, and pursues "taste" without departing from "form" and "law". Of course, Yang Wanli's "law" is mainly "living law". He advocates originality and opposes the stereotype of "taste-oriented" imitation. Therefore, Yang Wanli is different from other poets of Jiangxi Poetry School. He strongly advocated the poetic style of the late Tang Dynasty and pursued the "peculiar smell of the late Tang Dynasty". When commenting on predecessors, he can also break away from the prejudice of the times, praising Du Fu and Huang Tingjian as well as Li Bai and Su Shi. "Preface to Jiangxi Poetry" says: "There are four schools today, Su for Li and Huang for Du. Su Li's poems are also the wind of Ziliezi. Du Fu and Huang Zhi's poems were against each other, and all of them rode jade carts by boat. He who waits for nothing is a poet. He who waits and never waits is better than a poet. " This metaphor is wonderful and is often quoted by later generations. Zhai Cheng's poetry talks don't specialize in poetry, but they also have some literary theories.

Ci and Cifu "Poems of Past Dynasties" quoted Xu Qingyan's language, saying that Yang Wanli "has peerless talents, but no unique poems, that is, his ci is also strange". He wrote 15 poems. Among them, such as Zhao Jun's resentment and Song Fu Shang Ou: "I heard pine branches pouncing on deer, and I knew it was Sha Ou. Little son, don't make any noise, lest you frighten him! Suddenly flew away, I don't know where to fly. " "I have asked to retire," and reported to Sha Ou. His poetic style is lively, fresh and interesting, which is very similar to his poetic style.

Yang Wanli's ci and fu are also quite distinctive. For example, Wu Xi Fu takes the monument of Ode to Zhongxing as a guide, and criticizes Song Huizong and Gao Zong's father and son through the past events of Xuanzong and Su Zong in Tang Dynasty, which is just as famous as Fan Chengda's Guan Wa Gong Fu. It is also of practical significance to write about Song Jun's battle to defeat the nomads from the sea and the ship in Caishiji. Like Ouyang Xiu's and Su Shi's works, this kind of fu has got rid of the heavy syntax and harmonious atmosphere of Han Fu, and its rhyme momentum is scattered, and the rhyme foot is mostly before the function words, so it reads smoothly and naturally.

Yang Wanli is also good at the study of Yi-ology, and has written twenty volumes of Cheng Zhai Yi Zhuan. His views on Yi are similar to those of Cheng Yi. Because he likes to cite historical events to confirm the Book of Changes, he was criticized by later scholars. However, Ji Yun and others still think that Chengzhai Yizhuan is indelible (Sikuquanshu Catalogue).

Zhai Chengji has 133 volumes (including Jianghu Ji, Jingxi Ji and other 10 kinds of poems and other articles in various styles), and there is also a copy of four series of Song Dynasty banknotes. There are also 42 volumes of Yang Wenjie's poems, which were collected and carved by Yang Yun during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. There are 20 volumes of Chengzhai Yizhuan, and it is better for the library to expose itself in the Song version. The volume of Zhai Cheng Shi Hua is 1, which is a continuation of historical Hua in previous dynasties.