What level of preventive measures are taken for endemic diseases? Why?

(1) Primary prevention, also called etiological prevention, is a preventive measure against pathogenic factors. Its purpose is to protect healthy people from the harm of pathogenic factors and prevent diseases. Primary prevention is the backbone of disease prevention and control, the front line and the most active preventive measure. According to the biological, psychological and social factors related to the occurrence of diseases, the basic knowledge and skills in immunology, genetics, eugenics and social medicine are applied. Primary preventive measures mainly include two aspects.

1. The measures to improve the environment are mainly to improve the living environment and production environment, and to prevent the direct harm of biological, chemical and physical pathogenic factors in the environment to the human body. (1) Protect the environment and prevent environmental pollution: Health supervision measures are mainly used to protect the air, water, food and soil in the living environment from environmental pollutants, and to eliminate or control the harm of biological, chemical and physical pathogenic factors in the environment to the human body. This is the most active and fundamental measure to prevent the occurrence of diseases. (2) Improve the production environment and prevent occupational hazards: mainly take measures to reform the technological process, improve working conditions, purify the production environment and prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases, occupational frequently-occurring diseases and work-related injuries. 2. Measures to improve human health (1) Enhance self-care awareness: According to the analysis of factors causing diseases, about half of the diseases are caused by unhealthy and unscientific personal behaviors and lifestyles. Therefore, through health education, strengthening self-care awareness, cultivating good lifestyle and hygiene habits, and paying attention to mental health and mental hygiene are extremely important measures to prevent diseases. (2) Vaccination improves people's immune level: In the fight against infectious diseases, the role of vaccination in preventing infectious diseases has been fully affirmed. Smallpox has been eliminated all over the world through universal vaccination; Polio has been almost eliminated by popularizing oral polio vaccine; The epidemic of diphtheria, tetanus, measles and other diseases has been controlled after the implementation of planned immunization throughout the country. Therefore, vaccination is an effective primary preventive measure. (3) Do a good job of premarital examination and implement prenatal and postnatal care: premarital examination is an important measure of eugenic supervision. Through medical history, family investigation, pedigree analysis and physical examination, it is forbidden for close relatives to get married. And the risk rate of "affecting offspring eugenics" can be calculated according to the genetic law, so as to reduce or avoid the occurrence of genetic diseases.

(II) Secondary prevention Secondary prevention is also called preclinical prevention, that is, taking effective measures at the early stage of the disease, early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment. Doing a good job of "three mornings" can, on the one hand, strive for better therapeutic effect, and more importantly, prevent the spread, spread and epidemic of diseases among the population. Secondary prevention is an important remedial measure after primary prevention cannot be fully realized or fails. Secondary prevention is necessary not only for infectious diseases, but also for chronic diseases, occupational diseases and endemic diseases. The effective measures of secondary prevention include disease general survey, screening, regular health examination, establishment of special disease prevention and control institutions, establishment of reporting system of infectious diseases and occupational diseases, and disease monitoring system. Among them, regular and effective screening of high-risk groups is of universal and important significance for the secondary prevention of chronic diseases. Early and effective screening methods can achieve good results of early detection and early treatment. Early detection of precancerous lesions can also reduce the incidence of cancer. For example, the smear screening of vaginal exfoliated cells in cervical precancerous lesions has reduced the incidence of cervical cancer. Early diagnosis of genetic diseases through prenatal examination, and then termination of pregnancy to prevent the birth of genetic diseases is also a secondary preventive measure.

(3) Three-level prevention Three-level prevention is also called clinical prevention, that is, timely and effective treatment is given to the sick patients to prevent the illness from getting worse, prevent the sick from being disabled, and promote the patients' early recovery. Although tertiary prevention is a kind of treatment measure, it is more important to prevent the patients from getting sick and not being disabled, and to retain their ability to create economic and social value. Therefore, it also has important social significance. Tertiary prevention is an organic whole in the process of disease prevention and control, and the tertiary prevention strategies and measures for different types of diseases should be different and focused. Which level of prevention should be given priority mainly depends on whether the cause is clear and whether the lesion is reversible. For diseases with definite causes, especially those with irreversible lesions, we must try our best to take primary prevention, such as silicosis; For diseases with unknown etiology and uncertain primary prevention effect, such as cancer, besides primary prevention, secondary prevention should be given priority as far as possible; For all patients who have been in the middle and late stages of the disease, we should also try our best to do tertiary prevention to promote the early recovery of patients.