I urgently need an English introduction of extreme sports, which I use for ppt, not too long nor too short.

Extreme sports refers to recreational sports in which human beings maximize their physical and mental potential and challenge themselves with the help of modern high-tech means in the process of integrating with nature. It not only pursues the spirit of "higher, faster and stronger" that competitive sports surpass their physical limits, but also emphasizes the spirit of participation and courage, and pursues the pleasure and sense of accomplishment gained when crossing psychological barriers. At the same time, it also embodies the beautiful desire of human beings to return to nature and protect the environment, so it is praised as the "future movement" by all countries in the world. Many extreme sports are newly born and in the ascendant in recent decades, which can be divided into summer and winter according to seasons, and the sports field involves the multidimensional space of "sea, land and air". The main events and performances of extreme sports in summer are: difficult rock climbing, speed rock climbing, air skateboarding, alpine gliding, water skiing, whitewater kayaking, motorboat, surfing, jet skiing, bungee jumping, skateboarding (roller skating, BMX) U-jump and block obstacle course.

Because extreme sports have the characteristics of "blending into nature (nature, environment, ecology and health) and challenging oneself (being active, brave, cheerful and exciting)", the popularity of extreme sports in Europe and America can be described as crazy and magical.

surfing

Surfing is a sport that is driven by waves and struggles with them with superb skills and balance. Stepping on a surfboard (length 1.5-2.7m, width 0.6m, thickness 0. 1m) can gallop on the waves, which is similar to the physical principle of the ball moving on an inclined plane. Because it is faster to rush down from the sea, it can maintain a certain speed when rushing into the trough, and then it can rush to the second wave by inertia. To carry out this sport, athletes need to be bold and cautious, calm and steady, have excellent physical strength and balance ability, and strive to stay on the waves for a long time and maintain a certain speed in order to fly on the waves and rush one wave after another.

Surfing originated in Australia. Because Australia is surrounded by the sea, the climate is warm, with more sunshine and less rain, which is conducive to the development of water sports, so Australians especially like surfing. Long before Europeans moved here, the indigenous people here, while floating on the sea in canoes, suddenly rushed to the peak of the waves and slipped into the valley of the waves in gondolas, which was the predecessor of surfing.

After World War II, the birth of plastic industry produced portable plastic surfboards, which promoted the development of surfing. Therefore, surfing has been developed in many countries in the world. With the gradual popularization and improvement of surfing, its sport has developed to be competitive. Surfing competitions are often held in Australia. During the game, the referee stood on the high platform to observe the record. They judge the rankings according to the height and length of the washed waves, the posture of the top of the waves, the ability to manipulate the waves and the state of facing or facing the waves.

Surfing has created many incredible miracles and often surprises people. 1986 In early 1986, two French athletes, Peron and Pi Xia Fan, set out from Senegal in West Africa and crossed the Atlantic Ocean with surfboards. In late February, they arrived at the French island of Droop in Central America, which lasted 24 days 12 hours.

Surfing is a very exciting sport. People who wander in the stormy waves on their surfboards are inevitably in danger, even if they are familiar with water and have superb skills. Therefore, with the expansion of surfing, surfing life-saving activities are also developing.

Rock climbing; rock climbing; sport climbing

According to legend, a rare mountain rose grows on the cliffs of the European Alps. As long as you have this rose, you can get a happy love. Of course, only those strong and brave boys can climb the rock wall and present flowers to their sweetheart. It is said that this is where rock climbing comes from. In fact, this is just a beautiful legend.

Rock climbing is a sport derived from mountaineering, which originated in Europe in the 1950s. Because mountain climbing is rare for ordinary people, and cliff climbing is more exciting and challenging, rock climbing, as an independent sport, has rapidly spread all over the world.

Rock climbing is a kind of sport that uses primitive climbing instinct of human beings and uses all kinds of equipment for safety protection to climb cliffs, cracks, boulders and artificial rock walls. Participating in rock climbing will help you learn to be strong in the struggle against cliffs, feel tolerance in the embrace with mountains, and enjoy the joy of success and victory after conquering the route. Rock climbing is also called "rock wall ballet" because the climbers are as steady as gecko and as delicate as eagle, and the rock climbing movements are very aesthetic and ornamental.

Skateboard; skateboard; skateboarding

On the other side of the Pacific Ocean in the late 1950s, Edison's descendants, who were good at invention and creation, more or less turned the fantasy of ancient people in China into reality. In the early 1950s, the west coast of the United States was a place where trendsetters tried their best. They use surfboards made of ordinary wood and expensive balsa wood to have fun on the cusp. By the mid-1950s, molded polyurethane foam and glass fiber had replaced wooden surfboards. The mobility and durability of these new surfboards made surfing very popular in the late 1950s.

Skateboarding is an extension of land surfing. The former is limited by geographical and climatic conditions, while the latter has greater freedom. Residents of the Sunshine Beach community in Southern California soon made the world's first skateboard. Today, this is a rather primitive invention: a 50*50CM board is fixed on the iron wheel of roller skating. Even such a simple exercise device has aroused people's interest because it can provide the same psychological feeling brought by surfing. However, due to its backwardness (the board is too heavy and inflexible, the steering mechanism is not sensitive, and the wheels are too slippery). ), skateboarding has not been so popular today. This earliest skateboard can be seen in the skateboard video program Ban This.

The second generation skateboard was born in 1962. This is composed of 15 * 60cm oak laminated board, roller-skating steering bridge and plastic wheels. Compared with the first generation skateboard, this kind of skateboard is undoubtedly a technological leap. However, the performance of the plastic wheel of this skateboard is still very unsatisfactory. His adhesion friction is too small, which makes the skateboard out of control when turning sharply; His low elasticity means that the skateboard will suddenly stop when it meets even a small obstacle, and the skater will fall off. At the same time, his wear resistance is too poor. Nevertheless, this kind of skateboard is still popular with skaters. After all, skateboarding has evolved to a great extent compared with the previous generation, and the relatively wide board surface makes it easier for skaters to stand and control. Most skateboards sold in China now belong to this second-generation product.

1973, a man named Frank? Nasworthy skateboarders installed polyurethane wheels on his skateboard for the first time and achieved unexpected results. He immediately began to sell the wheel called Cadillac to his skateboarding friends. This flexible wheel is not only wear-resistant, but also allows the skateboard to turn safely and smoothly and easily run over small obstacles on the ground. This is how the third generation skateboard was invented. Because skateboarding originated from surfing, the skateboarding culture in the early 1970s was basically a culture with traces of surfing. Skateboarding enthusiasts and the builders of skateboarding parks initially built many terrains to simulate surfing. Later, they finally realized that because skateboarding has less resistance and lighter weight than surfboards, they can build terrain that is different from surfing and more suitable for skateboarding to achieve greater speed, mobility and self-expression ability.

The "West Wind" skateboarding team in Santa Monica, California, USA, used the abandoned keyhole swimming pool as a venue for practicing vertical water skateboarding, which formed a swimming pool search fever in California for a time. Since then, skateboarding and surfing have become a prominent force, not only from equipment, venues, but also from personnel. Instead of surfing, this new army devoted itself to skateboarding and began to form its own language, skills, clothing style and music hobbies. Formed a new, city-oriented skateboarding secondary culture.

The mid-1970s was a period of rapid development of the third generation skateboard. It is predicted that a new type of sports will emerge as the times require, and countless small skateboarding companies established by skateboarders and surfers have sprung up like mushrooms after rain and started to compete in technical quality. The potential of polyurethane wheels is fully tapped. The continuously improved polyurethane wheels enhance the adhesion friction of the skateboard, improve the speed and even slide on the vertical plane. In addition, the research and development of skateboard materials has reached the end of the road. Hard plastics, aluminum alloys, glass fibers, and even high-tech carbon composites are used to trial-produce skateboards. Finally, Canada Sugar Maple, which has good impact resistance and light weight, has undertaken the historical mission of a new generation of skateboard materials. In addition, the polyurethane wheel invented by Powell Company and the concave skateboard tail patented by Stevenson became the third generation skateboard after going up a flight of stairs.

At the end of 1980s, due to the development of skateboarding itself and the improvement of skaters' technical requirements for skateboarding, and in order to meet the needs of two-way sliding of U-shaped pool, a kind of skateboard with inclined ends and symmetrical shape appeared, which is the fourth generation skateboard. At present, only skaters use the fourth generation skateboard. The fourth generation skateboard is changed to hard stone maple, which is lighter and more elastic. Skateboard wheel has high hardness and good elasticity, which is more suitable for high-speed sliding. Because of the balance of weight, the fourth generation skateboard is more suitable for all kinds of flip movements. In the early 1990 s, skateboarding entered a trough. Because it is in the period of skateboarding renewal, skateboarding has changed from one end to two ends, so there are many actions that the previous generation skateboarding can't complete. This period is the era of skateboarding skills. The skater invented many new moves. At the same time, in order to make the skateboard turn over more easily, the skateboard surface becomes very narrow and the wheels become very small. During this period, the typical skateboard was only 7 inches wide, and the wheel diameter was only about 39 mm. Although such a skateboard was easier to make complex movements, the smaller wheels hindered its sliding performance.

Skat Boarding-English name for skateboarding.

Skateboarding is the originator of extreme sports, and many extreme sports extend from skateboarding. Skateboarding originated from surfing in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and now it has become the coolest sport on earth. The skills of skateboarding mainly include: air (on the sliding bar), inversion (on the U-shaped platform) and Ollie (taking off with a board). These skills can be said to be the most important skateboarding action besides turning over. Two important international skateboarding organizations in the world: International Association of Skateboarding Companies (IASC)J and World Cup Skateboarding (WCS).

water skiing

Water skiing is a water sport that people "walk" on the water with the help of power traction. Water skiers usually wear "water shoes"-that is, water skis to perform various actions on the water. According to whether the skier uses water skis or not, water skiing can be roughly divided into pattern, obstacle skiing, jumping, coda, knee pads, skiing racing, barefoot and other projects. Water skiing can not only make people feel the excitement brought by high-speed sliding, but also make people turn, jump and jump, so that people can fully enjoy the warmth of blue sky and clear water in summer and the endless fun brought by sports.

Water skiing originated in the United States in the early 20th century, and quickly spread in developed countries such as Europe and America. In the 1940s, the International Water Skiing League, an international water skiing organization, was established and held an international water skiing competition. From 65438 to 0988, the International Water Skiing Federation was officially renamed as the International Water Skiing Federation. Water skiing is a sport officially recognized by the International Olympic Committee.

At present, the main world water skiing events are: World Water Skiing Championships (held in odd years), World Water Skiing Championships (held in even years), and individual world championships (such as Barefoot Skating World Championships and Wake World Championships) are held regularly. Important water skiing competitions held in the Asia-Pacific region include the Asia-Australia Water Skiing Championships and the Asian Water Skiing Championships. Water skiing originated in China in the 1960s, and officially became a formal project of the former State Sports Commission in the 1980s. 1986 China Water Skiing Association was formally established and joined the International Water Skiing Union in the same year. From 65438 to 0986, China officially participated in the international water skiing competition, winning the top eight women's figure events in the World Championships twice and winning more than 60 Asian champions.

Water skiing has developed rapidly all over the world. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 30 million water skiers in the world. I believe that with the continuous development of social economy, more and more people will participate in water skiing and feel the endless fun brought by this unique water sports.

Canoe; canoeing

Kayak can be divided into kayak and rowing, with English names Kayak (originally meant for Eskimo Canoe) and Canoe (originally meant for canoe), both of which were developed from canoe, an important means of transportation in ancient times. According to the different equipment used by rowers, there are considerable differences between canoeing and rowing in competitive sports: canoeing is that rowers sit in the boat and use Shuang Ye paddles as power; Rowing is that the rower kneels on one leg in the boat and uses a single paddle as power; In addition, kayaking and rowing are completely different in hull structure, paddle holding mode and technical movements.

Canoeing, as a formal competitive sport, originated in Britain in the 1960s. 19. Scot MacGregor founded the Royal Canoeing Club in 1867 and held the first canoeing competition, which gradually flourished. The International Canoeing Association was founded in 1924. Since 1936 Berlin Olympic Games, still water kayaking has become an official Olympic event, and in 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games, whitewater kayaking officially joined the Olympic competitive family.

Canoeing is one of the gold medal events in the Olympic Games, which is divided into speed race and obstacle race. The following items are 16, namely: men's kayak: 500m single/double, 1000m single/double, 1000m four-person kayak; 500m single/double rowing boat, 1000m single/double rowing boat; Kayak, canoe and canoe slalom, * * * 12. Women: 500-meter single/double kayak and 500-meter four-person kayak; Single kayak slalom includes 4 events. In the canoeing competition of the Olympic Games, athletes from European countries, especially those from Germany and Hungary, have great competitiveness.

China started canoeing in 1950s, and the first national rowing championship was held in Hubei from 65438 to 0957. It was not until 1973 that the Chinese Rowing Association was formally established and joined the International Canoeing Federation in the following year. From 65438 to 0979, canoeing was listed as an official event in the Fourth National Games held in Beijing, and the first national canoeing championship was held in Hubei from 65438 to 0980.

So far, the best results of China canoeing team in various world competitions are the runner-up in the women's canoeing world championships and the fourth place in the Olympic Games. At this year's Athens Olympic Games, the goal of China canoeing team is "to win medals in a single event and enter the finals in multiple events;" Hit the gold medal. "At present, China has won seats in the Athens Olympic Games in five events, namely, Meng's men's canoeing, Xu's women's canoeing (China won Olympic seats for the first time in these two events), women's canoeing, women's canoeing and men's canoeing slalom. In addition, China will strive for eight Olympic seats in the Asian Canoeing Qualifying Tournament to be held in Japan in May.

bungee jumping

Bungee jumping originated in Pentecost, a small island in northern Australia. Every adult man must pass the adult test at the age of 18. The local aborigines built a tall tower out of bamboo, then tied it to their feet with vines and jumped off the top of the bamboo tower. After the ceremony, they were praised by everyone and became real men, which extended to the origin of bungee jumping. This ceremony has become a major local tourist feature. Due to the crazy creativity of modern people, people invented bungee jumping to extend this ceremony to meet the needs of modern young people for outdoor activities. Bungee jumping is also called bungee jumping, bungy, Bunjee, Le Benji, suicide practice, bungee jumping and so on. In Chinese translation, it is called bungee jumping or bungee jumping because of its extreme content and characteristics of jumping from high altitude.

Bungee jumping website

Bridge bungee jumping: jump directly from the bridge.

Cliff bungee jumping: Stretching out from a cliff.

High tower bungee jumping: build a leaning tower in the square, and then extend the platform from the tower.

Rocket bungee jumping: people bounce up like rockets, and then bounce up and down.

Bungee jumping species

According to the different fixed position of bungee cord in human body, bungee cord can be divided into American (also called body jump) and New Zealand (also called ankle jump). In the United States, the safety belt is fixed to the upper and lower parts of the human body, and the bungee cord is fixed near the chest. New Zealand's style is to fix bungee cords on both ankles, which is more exciting than American style. People who take part in this sport for the first time usually use the method of binding the body first, and then use the New Zealand-style foot-binding method after passing behind it for more than five times. In addition, there are some technical jumping methods, such as handstand back jumping, and two people jump in tandem. However, the synchronized pattern is limited to women who weigh less than 60 kilograms and dance with the venue coach. Another way is for several people to throw it together, which is also very interesting.

Bungee jumping can not only fully feel the pleasure of free fall, but also enjoy the pleasure of rebound weightlessness. It has many ways to play.

Tie the waist and jump the back: this jump method is most suitable for beginners. Stand on the platform with your waist tied, and jump down with a backward jump. It seems that I fell into a bottomless pit when I bounced. After about 3 seconds, it suddenly bounced, as if there was a big hand holding you up. The rebound lasted 4-5 times. At this time, you can see that people are safely suspended in mid-air, and the whole process takes about 5 seconds.

Bend your waist and jump forward: after learning to bend your waist and jump backward, try this. Different from the former, the bodyguard faces down and really feels the visual terror and helplessness. When skipping rope stops bouncing, he can really enjoy the joy of rebirth.

High-altitude diving with feet tied: This kind of jumping is the easiest way to show the cool side of modern people. The equipment is tied to the ankle, and the jumper stands face down on the platform and dives down with open arms, just like an eagle with wings spread, with extraordinary spirit.

Foot-binding backflip: This jump is the most difficult, but it is also the most imposing. It needs strong waist strength and full courage. Tie the equipment to your ankles, and the jumpers stand on the platform with their backs to the ground, open their arms and turn back.

Bungee jumping equipment

Bungee jumping needs professional jumping equipment and is carried out under the guidance of professionals. Each set of jumping equipment is equipped with two sets of safety devices. If any set of equipment fails to function under any force majeure factors, the other set of equipment can still bounce safely 100%.

Bungee jumping competition

Bungee jumping competitions have been held in many countries. Minimum requirements for contestants:

Turn forward for a week, then open like a swallow, and turn for a week after the first rebound.

Turn back once (bend your leg) and turn 360 degrees, then open the volley and turn once after the first rebound.

Participants can also use mountain bikes, surfboards and other equipment, but they must roll and bounce for the first time when leaving the platform.

The most in the world

The highest bungee jumping point in the world: Kizikama Mountain in eastern cape, South Africa, on a bridge named Lance in Blauch, with a height of 216m. The bungee jumping spot officially receives tourists from 1997 to 65438+February, among which the youngest is only 9 years old and the oldest is 84 years old.

The most beautiful and thrilling bungee jumping point: located on a bridge at Victoria Falls at the junction of Zimbabwe and Zambia, the height is11m.

glandefahren

BMX originated in California in 1960s, and conquered the whole United States with its unique charm in a short time. For those teenagers who have no access to cross-country motorcycles, this sport can make them feel the wonderful feeling of driving on the self-built cross-country runway. Although they use bicycles, this does not prevent them from fully understanding the excitement and excitement brought by the impact at that moment. For teenagers, BMX is relatively cheap and you don't have to go to the driving range too far from home.

In the early 1970s, the earliest BMX organization was established in the United States, which was also considered as a sign that BMX became a formal sport. In the following ten years, BMX was introduced to other countries. 198 1 in April, the international bmx league was formally established, and the first world bmx championship was held in 1982. At this time, BMX, a unique sport, has developed rapidly around the world. Because there are many similarities between this sport and cycling, BMX officially became a member of the cycling family on 1993. After the United States, BMX has also flourished in some countries in Europe and Australia. But the United States is still the superpower of this project. BMX was introduced to China in recent years and has a certain number of fans in several big cities.

Since the development of BMX, it has been separated from the single race of the training ground and developed more projects. There are five kinds: the first is the most primitive mud racing competition. The second type (DIRTJUMP Mud Jumping Competition) uses a slope made of mud to perform jumping fancy competitions. The third type is called (street alley), and props are used to imitate street obstacles for competitions. The fourth (semi-pipe) is the jumping fancy competition in the semi-pipe field. The fifth type (FATLAND, flat fancy) uses BMX to do all kinds of balanced sliding movements on the designated flat to compete.

Ground fancy is the most basic and important. There are hundreds of movements, the most basic of which is the static balance of the car, such as rear wheel jumping, front wheel jumping, wheel wiping, car fixing, floating and crossing the bridge. Beginners can only practice more difficult dynamic balance after improving their static balance ability, that is, doing actions while riding.

BMX's body is generally made of alloy, which can withstand the impact of falling from a few meters high. There are also many special features in the design, such as handlebars that can rotate 360 degrees without being limited by brake lines, and "rocket launchers" that front and rear wheels can step on. As long as a car is equipped with some small parts, it can play in different ways and meet the needs of people with different personalities.

ski

Skiing is the most popular winter tourism project in the world today. It is also called the Four Gentlemen's Games with golf, equestrian and billiards. It is a fashion to travel to Europe and America by car with skis in winter weekends, and this fashion is enduring because of its unique charm.

Skiing is a sport that human beings are closest to nature in winter. Modern people who have lived in the city for a long time and worked and lived in reinforced concrete buildings for many years are exhausted after a year of hard work. They are eager to relax their nervous nerves at the end of the year. In winter, the ski resort is far away from the city, with fresh air and white clothes fluttering. A clean environment is the best place to recuperate.

The process of skiing is a process of direct contact and dialogue with nature. In this process, the level of skiing is gradual, from falling on the soft snow at first to being able to slide calmly, from stumbling on the primary ski slope to accelerating the decline on the advanced ski slope, so skiers can

The sense of success and pleasure is incomparable to other projects. Professional skiers can ski at a speed of 2000 kilometers per hour, and high-level skiers can also reach 120 kilometers. This lightning speed can satisfy modern people's pursuit of excitement.

Psychological needs.

Skiing is a kind of movement to return to nature, and it is a trend that people in cities are eager to return to nature. Tourism skiing has adapted to this trend, and there are two skiing methods: one is skiing with the whole family; The other is friends and colleagues.

Skiing Skiing is not only a relaxing physical exercise process, but also a unique social process. In the ski resort, people's mentality and nature are integrated, clean and thorough. In this environment, people's tastes are correspondingly improved, and the communication between people is very good.

Swing and skiing are a life-long lifestyle with rich contents. So the relaxation and feeling brought by skiing can't be replaced by other sports.

Skiing is a sport. Learning to ski requires certain physical conditions, especially leg strength and lung activity. The speed of skiing is usually about 30 kilometers per hour. According to overseas Chinese skiing experts, the secret of skiing is to use the role of the center of gravity to follow the trend.

Skiing is not difficult. Beginners can learn to balance, walk and climb in one hour and simply slide, slow down, stop and turn in three hours if they have a good body balance or a good skating foundation. For singles, they can skate well on the mountain on a good day. Of course, in addition to courage, all beginners must first learn the skills of braking and wrestling. If you hire a coach, you will learn faster and more standardized.

Waterproof and warm ski pants, wind-proof and snow-proof coats, warm gloves and wool hats are all necessary for skiing. You can prepare a pair of sturdy sunglasses or goggles to protect your eyes. Beginners' ski poles are slightly higher than elbows, and snowboarders can use 160CM for men and 150CM for women. Put some chocolate in the pocket of ski suit to supplement the heat. Because the weather is freezing, it is best to use a mechanical camera if you need to take pictures, but if you want to take pictures of skiing, you should also carry a fool camera with you and put it in your underwear pocket.

Hehe, just bring English.