Visualization analysis of sponge city construction?

At present, rainwater management quickly discharges the rainwater from the site through underground pipe network, directly into the receiving water body or centralized rainwater treatment facilities, or into the sewage treatment plant through the comprehensive rainwater and sewage pipe network. This centralized drainage of rainwater has caused a series of problems such as downstream flooding, river bank erosion, river pollution, habitat destruction and so on. The rainwater management technology of sponge city solves the above problems by treating rainwater runoff from the source, simulating the natural process of evapotranspiration, infiltration and runoff discharge, and combining landscape planning and strategic site design. It not only turns rainwater into treasure and realizes resource utilization, but also innovatively turns underground drainage to the ground to form a visual landscape, and carries out ecological design and transformation on traditional artificial infrastructure, which increases the interest and value of the site.

This concept of ecological rainwater management is the product of the ecological relationship between human beings and the environment, which not only follows the law of natural water cycle, but also meets the needs of human development. It mainly adopts the strategies of runoff mitigation, diffusion and infiltration, integrates mechanical and biological methods, and combines key steps such as rainwater collection, transportation, filtration, storage, infiltration and utilization to form specific technologies for runoff velocity control, rainwater retention, rainwater storage, rainwater filtration, rainwater infiltration and rainwater quality treatment.

1 Visual Connotation of Sponge City Construction

The definition of "visualization" in Wikipedia is that visualization refers to any technology and method used to create graphics, images or animations for dissemination. Historically, it includes cave murals and Egyptian hieroglyphics, but now the application fields of visualization are expanding, such as science education, engineering, interactive multimedia, medicine and so on. [1], which transforms the data information obtained by measurement and calculation into intuitive graphics and images. In this paper, the commonly used terms in the computer field are introduced into the rainwater management of sponge city, covering two aspects: visualization of data information images and visualization of hydrological functions of site landscape. It aims to improve the current situation investigation and evaluation, site design and construction, and project operation management system through visualization. First of all, in terms of data information visualization, for designers and researchers, terrain, hydrology, environment and other data information can be input through GIS, SWMM and other software to obtain graphic materials that are helpful for the early analysis of planning and design schemes; For the government, developers, the public, combined with the construction of urban public information platform, establish a communication platform between the government, developers, the public and other related interest groups.

Through digital models and information technology, on the one hand, a visual project database can be established; on the other hand, intelligent terminals can provide information query of project activities and objective research on the spatio-temporal behavior of public participation, and obtain and analyze the subjective opinions of the public through various social networks as basic data for project planning and design or reference for later operation and maintenance. Secondly, on the visualization level of hydrological function of the site landscape, the landscape visualization of hydrological cycle process or water treatment process is emphasized to enhance the aesthetic experience of the site and promote public education. In order to ensure the landscape perception effect of hydrological function visualization, it is necessary to integrate the principles of ecological aesthetics into the design process to create a sustainable landscape integrating ecology, culture and perception. The visual scale category of rainwater management includes urban-community system planning and neighborhood-site scale design. It focuses on the protection of natural resources, the combination of land use and artificial infrastructure, and has the characteristics of integrity and systematicness, with a view to establishing a green space network that can play the role of overall management and regulation of water resources.

(1) Urban-community scale: it mainly refers to the strategic system planning of watershed water collection and drainage, ecological protection and restoration of natural water collection and storage areas, and systematic rainwater infrastructure planning. For example, natural rivers, lakes, wetlands, flooded areas, ecologically sensitive areas, woodlands, urban forests, green corridors, urban blue and green lines, etc. Carry out protective planning, and comprehensively plan the above-mentioned large-scale open space as a green grid, balance the conflict between the interests of open space and urban land use, and maintain the connectivity of water functions and ecosystems.

(2) Neighborhood-site scale: mainly including rainwater landscape planning and design of buildings, residential areas, parking lots, streets and municipal public spaces. The green rainwater infrastructure is connected with the city-scale distributed network through the site, which reduces and processes the runoff to the receiving water body layer by layer (see figure 1). The installation of these facilities can increase the biodiversity of the landscape; It can reduce runoff, promote infiltration, store water and flood discharge; Can prevent the spread of water pollution; A perfect distributed hydrological network can be established [2]. Ecological benefits can be transferred to cities through rainwater infrastructure planning. City-community scale landscape can provide important ecological services; The ecological effect at the neighborhood scale is relatively weak, but it is more aesthetic because it is in the field of human perception. The design combined with nature can provide leisure and beautiful multifunctional places, create outdoor exercise and social opportunities, improve human health and promote social equity.

2. Visualization principle and value of sponge city construction

2. 1 Follow the three principles of ecological aesthetics.

Yoshisuke? On the basis of paying attention to ecology, phenomenology and culture, JusuckKoh is committed to integrating architecture, landscape and urban design, and studying the design theory and aesthetics of architecture and landscape [3]. On the basis of expanding traditional formal aesthetics and absorbing oriental architectural aesthetics, he put forward three principles of aesthetic ecological paradigm: tolerance and unity, dynamic balance and complementarity.

(1) Inclusive unity: put an object or an object in a specific "context" and regard it as a part of the overall context, emphasizing its unity with people and places [3]. As a part of sustainable landscape, the construction of visual landscape of sponge city needs to consider the integration of rainwater management technology and other technical measures of sustainable landscape, as well as the integration of various technical measures with site attributes, human environment, public demand, landscape streamline, landscape nodes and landscape space elements, so as to create an inclusive and unified diversified multifunctional landscape.

(2) Dynamic balance: This aesthetic principle not only points to the qualitative asymmetry derived from the creation of "process", but also points to the formal asymmetry implied in the aesthetic "form" [3], which embodies a kind of "process" order. The visual landscape of sponge city needs to balance various climatic conditions such as precipitation period, non-precipitation period and cold weather. In the precipitation period, the landscape vividly and dynamically shows the runoff path, shape and treatment process of rainwater collection, transportation, filtration, storage, infiltration and utilization, and can also interact with each other, so that the selection and combination of rainwater infrastructure can form a structured form with a sense of order on the premise of meeting the functional requirements, and ensure good landscape effect in dry season and cold climate.

(3) Complementarity: Applying the concept of "complementarity" to landscape design means that nature and landscape are complementary to human beings and buildings, which is the idea of "combining design with nature" advocated by Macharg. Using natural materials or recycled materials, choosing local vegetation and using renewable energy in the visual landscape of sponge city can achieve the effect of saving materials and energy, and bring the symbolic significance of nature into public consciousness. The process of integration of space (landscape) and cultural connotation is the process of making people adapt to the site, constructing the site and forming the scene [4]. Through the creation of places, sites and scenes, traditional elements or regional culture are implanted into the landscape to make up for the lack of theme, history and culture, collective memory and identity in modern ecological landscape. Man and environment are regarded as a system, and the artificial environment, natural environment and public perception are interrelated.

2.2 Integration of four landscape values

The value of philosophy category is the highest generalization and abstraction of utilitarian, moral, aesthetic and concrete values such as politics, law, history, social activities, religion, science and technology, and becomes "general value". In other words, it refers to the meaning of the object to the subject in the practice of understanding and transforming the object [5]. Values are the expression of value goals, scales and norms, and reflect the evaluation criteria for people to judge the value of things. In the information age, the values of landscape have gradually changed into the synthesis of ecology, society, art and culture, and the evaluation criteria of landscape also show the viewpoint of sustainability, that is, while ensuring human development, it is also necessary to coordinate the recycling of energy and resources and the diversity of biology and culture. The formation of this kind of values is accompanied by the transformation of the relationship between nature and human society, which reflects the development of human environmental ethics in today's era and also provides value reference and direction for contemporary landscape practice.

The visual landscape construction of sponge city comes from the above-mentioned value context. When the ecological principles and technologies of efficient water use and water saving are applied to urban landscape, it is necessary to coordinate the attention to nature and the satisfaction of people's needs, and integrate artistic value, social value and cultural value to form an excellent sponge city landscape design. In Malmo, Sweden's publication on urban rainwater construction, PeterStahre pointed out that the open drainage system has multiple values, including aesthetics, biology, animals, ecology, wildlife, leisure and entertainment, public relations, education, environment, economy and technology. In this paper, the evaluation of foreign rainwater landscape is collected and sorted out, which can be used as a principle of value evaluation and provide reference for guiding the landscape construction of sponge cities in China. In the regulation of sustainable drainage system in Britain, water quality, water quantity and landscape comfort are used in drainage planning and evaluation in parallel. Among them, landscape comfort tends to provide open space and wildlife habitat, and includes community value, resource management, spatial versatility, education, waterscape, habitat construction and biodiversity planning. The evaluation system of sustainable land design and development (SITES for short) in the United States has established a landscape scoring system for preliminary site selection, current situation evaluation planning, site design, site construction, operation and maintenance, and put forward corresponding guiding principles. In the stage of site design, SITES takes site precipitation management, reducing landscape irrigation water consumption, basic flow falling water management, reducing outdoor water consumption, designing functional rainwater waterscape as comfortable landscape and restoring aquatic ecosystem as site water system evaluation factors, and gives corresponding scores. The above numerical values and evaluation criteria are applied to engineering practice to ensure ecological value through water resources protection and water ecological design, such as groundwater recharge of rainwater in the site, or purification and collection of irrigation water and decorative water features. By enhancing the attraction of the venue, it can satisfy the public's visual beauty, space experience and social contact, and realize its artistic value, social value and cultural value.

Application of visualization in the site landscape of sponge city

3. 1 Visualization technical measures

Rainwater infrastructure integrates engineering and biological functions, and produces a series of environment-friendly visual landscape facilities from hard engineering to soft ecology according to the steps and technologies of rainwater hydrological control. According to the efficiency of water quality and quantity treatment, the corresponding rainwater infrastructure unit elements are formed in turn. These factors can be used in different scales and land use types, and can exist in a single form, or they can form a network by comprehensively utilizing suitable facilities with different treatment levels according to site conditions, providing high-level water quality treatment functions and reducing runoff to a greater extent. In this paper, the visual elements of rainwater facilities are integrated and their functional characteristics are described in detail (see table 1). Visible rainwater infrastructure can be used for different land use types, forming a diversified and multifunctional urban landscape with productivity and renewability, and constantly updating urban ecosystem functions.

Rainwater infrastructure such as residential areas, parks and squares can be designed as production sites for groundwater recharge and rainwater collection and reuse. Artistic design of rainwater pipe network, collection of building roof and surface runoff for landscape irrigation, combined with the use of advanced water purification facilities such as biological systems and mechanical equipment, can make the collected water be used as water for waterscape, building reclaimed water system and other non-potable water quality requirements. The park can design planting ditches, filter belts, vegetation tree pools, rain gardens, permeable pavements, etc. In the marginal area, the rainwater on the edge of surrounding buildings, streets and sites can be treated, and the hard or soft waterscape for rainwater treatment and utilization in the park can be designed in the internal site, such as the construction of seepage pools, pocket wetlands, artificial pools and other landscape facilities. Streets can be designed as public street gardens. On the basis of satisfying the functions of motor vehicles, walking, bicycle traffic and ground parking, the rainwater is diverted and drained by minimizing the use of waterproof pavement and combining the functions of kerbs and biological depressions with drainage function, thus forming a road rainwater network. The parking lot is combined with permeable pavement, biological depression, rain garden and other facilities to form an ecological parking lot.

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