Outline of high school Chinese knowledge points

There are many college entrance examination students who really want to know what are the review techniques for high school Chinese knowledge points and what knowledge points must be memorized. In fact, if you want to review well, you must have an outline. Here is what I have compiled for you An outline of high school Chinese knowledge points, I hope it will be helpful to everyone, welcome to read!

An outline of high school Chinese knowledge points

1. Three elements of the novel: < /p>

A Character B Plot C Environment

2. Three elements of argumentative essay:

A Argument B Argument C Argument

3. Metaphor 3 Elements:

A ontology B metaphor C metaphor

4. Six elements of narrative (five W+H):

when when where where who who who WHY why WHY how WHY what

5. Four conditions for rhythmic poetry:

A Eight-sentence four-part couplet (head, neck and tail) B Even and ending with the same rhyme C Middle couplet and antithesis D Flat tone and tune

6. Five ways of expression:

A Narrative B Discussion C Lyrical D Explanation E Description

7. Six ways of expository writing:

A. Give an example B. List numbers C. Make an analogy (metaphor) D. Make a comparison A. Total score structure B. Total score structure C. Total structure

9. The order of explanation of the three major explanatory texts:

A. In chronological order B. In spatial order C. In logical order

10. Two basic argumentative essay structures:

A Ask a question-----analyze the problem-----solve the problem

B Put forward a point of view--- --Argument point of view-----Summary point of view

11. Six methods of argumentative argumentation:

A. Example method B. Comparison method C. Metaphor method D. Reduction method

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12. Eight main rhetorical methods:

A metaphor B personification C parallelism D hyperbole

E rhetorical question G repetition F hypothetical question H duality

(abbreviated as: metaphor to exclude praise, two opposites to set up opposition)

13. Four methods of character description:

A. Appearance description B. Language description C. Action description D. Psychological description

(Abbreviated as: Foreign Language Tempting)

14. Seven phrase types:

Divided into seven types according to function

A Parallel phrase B Positive phrase

C Subject-predicate phrase D Verb-object phrase

E Verb-complement phrase F Preposition phrase

G's word phrase

Divided into three types according to part of speech

A Noun phrase

B Verb phrase

C Adjective phrase

15 .Six sentence components:

A subject B predicate C object D complement E attributive F adverbial

16. Twelve parts of speech (gender):

A noun Dynamic form B Quantity generation C Deputy introduction link D Assistant sigh simulation

17. Three narrative methods (sequence):

A chronological narration B flashback C interlude narration

18. Three types of ellipses:

A means omission of citation content B means omission of enumerated matters C means interruption and extension of speech

19. Four types of ellipses:

< p> A represents the explanation of the previous text B represents the jump and turn of the subsequent text C represents the interruption and extension of the sound D represents the beginning and end of the time and place

20. Four types of quotation marks:

A represents the actual content quoted B stands for irony C stands for specific title D stands for emphasis

2

Classification of Chinese Language Methods

1. Six-step method for text preview:

A. Look up new words and clear three words B. Read the text aloud and perceive the content

C Understand the author and grasp the background D. Indicate the sequence of paragraphs and clarify the structure

E. Draw key sentences and understand the function. F. Abbreviate the main idea and summarize the characteristics

2. Five methods for students to listen in class (listen carefully to what is said and done Notes):

A Listen B See Look

C Write D Speak

E Think (ears, eyes, hands, mouth, brain) Use all five senses together)

3. Three-step method for appreciating poetry:

A. Know people and the world (understand the author, grasp the background)

B. Translate and analyze the literal meaning (translate the complete text) Poetry, analyzing the scene)

C Clarify the main idea (briefly describe the content, clarify the rationale)

4. Four ways to divide the article structure:

A Based on expression Method

B Look for light and dark clues

C According to time and space sequence

D According to logical sequence

5. Analyze the functions of eight key sentences:

A. Highlight the title and trigger the following (topic sentence)

B. Highlight the center and highlight the main idea (central sentence)

C Set up suspense and arouse interest. (suspense sentence)

D connects the previous and the next, connecting naturally (transitional sentence)

E echoes before and after, harmoniously and unifies (anaphoric sentence)

F side contrasts, indirect contrast (Following sentence)

G Foreshadowing and foreshadowing (preliminary sentence)

H Enhance language and highlight features (rhetorical sentence)

6. Identify Seven types of article writing methods:

A Comparative writing method

B Symbolic writing method

C Contrast writing method

D Using small things to make big things happen

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E The writing method of promoting first and then suppressing

F The writing method of combining virtuality and reality

G The writing method of combining narrative and discussion

3 writing techniques 26 knowledge points< /p>

1. Expression:

Narration, description, lyricism, explanation, discussion

2. Expression techniques:

Symbol, contrast, To set off, to set up suspense, to echo before and after, to express desires before suppressing them, to express ambitions through objects, to express emotions through borrowing objects, to associate, to imagine, to set off (front and back)

3. Rhetorical techniques:

Metaphor, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, parallelism, quotation, questioning, rhetorical question, repetition, intertextuality, comparison, metonymy, irony

4. Six elements of narrative:

Time, Places, characters, causes, processes, and results

5. Narrative order:

Sequential narration, flashbacks, interludes

6. Description angle:

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Frontal description, profile description

7. Methods of describing characters:

Language, action, demeanor, psychology, appearance

8. Description The angle of the scene:

Vision, hearing, taste, touch

9. Methods of describing the scene:

Combining movement and stillness (using movement to describe stillness), summarizing and Combining the specific, from far to near (or from near to far)

10. Description (or lyrical) method:

Positive (also called direct), negative (also called indirect) )

11. Narrative method:

Summary narrative, detailed description

12. Explanation sequence:

Time sequence, space Sequence, logical sequence

13. Explanation methods:

Give examples, list numbers, make analogies, make comparisons, define, classify, explain, describe, and quote

14. The four parts of the plot of the novel:

Beginning, development, and ending

15. The three elements of the novel:

Characters Image, storyline, specific environment

16. Environmental description is divided into:

Natural environment, social environment

17. Three elements of argumentative essay:

Argument, argument, demonstration

18. Arguments are classified into:

Factual arguments, logical arguments

19. Argument methods:

Examples (or facts ) argument, logical argument (sometimes also called citation argument), contrast (or positive and negative comparison) argument, metaphorical argument

20. Argument methods:

Establish an argument, refute an argument (can Refuting arguments, arguments, demonstrations)

21. The structure of an argumentative essay:

Total points, total points, total points; the parts of points often include parallel, Progressive

22. The function of quotation marks:

Quotation; emphasis; specific title; negation, sarcasm, irony

23. Usage of dashes :

Prompts, comments, summaries, progressions, topic changes, interruptions

24. Others:

(1) A certain sentence in the text Functions:

1. The beginning of the article: to start the chapter; to exaggerate the atmosphere (narratives, novels), to lay the foundation (narratives, novels), to set up suspense (novel), to provide support for the following; to lead the following ;

2. In the text: connect the previous and the following; lead the following; summarize the above;

3. End of the text: point out the center (narrative, novel); deepen the theme (narrative, novel); Anaphora at the beginning (arguments, narratives, novels)

(2) The role of rhetorical devices: its own role; combined with the context of the sentence.

1. Metaphor, personification: vivid image;

Answer format: Write + object + characteristics vividly.

2. Parallelism: imposing, strengthening the tone, finishing in one go, etc.;

Answer format: emphasizing + object + characteristics

3. Questioning: arousing readers Attention and thinking;

Answer format: draw the reader's attention and thinking about + object + characteristics

Rhetorical question: emphasize, strengthen tone, etc.;

4. Comparison : Emphasized... Highlighted...

5. Repeat: Emphasized... Strengthened the tone

(3) Answer to the meaning of the sentence:

Like this In the title, there is often a word or phrase in the sentence that uses metaphor, contrast, metonymy, symbol and other expression methods. When answering questions, reveal the objects they refer to, and then clarify the sentences.

(4) Should a word in a sentence be replaced with another line? Why?

Verb: No. Because the word is written accurately, vividly and concretely...

Adjective: No. Because the word vividly describes...

Adverbs (such as all, mostly, very only, etc.): No. Because the word accurately explains the situation of... (expressing degree, expressing limitation, expressing time, expressing scope, etc.), after changing it, it becomes..., which is inconsistent with the facts.

(5) Can the order of two or three words in a sentence be reversed? Why?

No. Because:

1. It is inconsistent with the rules of people’s understanding of things (from shallow to deep, from appearance to interior, from phenomenon to essence)

2. This word is the same as the above. Corresponding relationship

3. These words are in a progressive relationship, interlocking and cannot be interchanged.

(6) Summary of the meaning of the paragraph

1. Narrative: answer clearly (when, where) who did what?

Format: (time) +place)+people+things.

2. Explanatory text: answer clearly what the object is and what its characteristics are

Format: description (introduction) + description object + description content (characteristics)

< p> 3. Argumentative essay: clearly answer the question of the discussion and what is the author’s point of view

Format: what argument method is used to prove (demonstrate) + argument

4 rhetorical techniques Explain the 8 major techniques

1. Metaphor

1. Characteristics and functions of metaphor:

Metaphor is "an analogy". That is to grasp the similarities between two things of different natures and use one thing to metaphor the other. The structure of a metaphor generally consists of the ontology (the thing being compared), the metaphor (the thing being compared) and the metaphor (the symbol of the metaphorical relationship). The key to making a metaphor: A and B must be essentially different things, and there must be similarities between A and B, otherwise the metaphor cannot be established. The main function of metaphor is to turn the plain into vivid; turn the esoteric into the simple; turn the abstract into the concrete; turn the lengthy into concise.

2. Types of metaphors:

① Simile. The typical form is: A looks like B. Ontological metaphors all appear, and are connected with metaphorical words such as "like, like, as if, like" in the middle. For example: Harvested crops are piled in piles, like stable hills. "

②Metaphor. The typical form is: A is B. All ontological metaphors appear, there are no metaphorical words in the middle, and connections such as "is", "become" and "become" are commonly used. For example: Marx The relationship between doctrine and the Chinese revolution is the relationship between arrows and targets. ③The typical form is: A substitutes for B. The metaphor does not appear, but it is different from metonymy. Use metaphors to describe the similarities between two things.

④ Use several metaphors to describe the same entity from different angles. For example: among the layers of leaves, white flowers are dotted here and there, some are blooming gracefully, some are holding their petals shyly; just like pearls, stars in the blue sky, or just out of the bath.

2. Comparison

1. Characteristics and functions of comparison:

Write about things as people, or write about people as things. , or writing this thing as that thing, its formal characteristics are: the thing is "humanized", or the person is "materialized", or the thing A is "materialized". Its function is to make the "person" or "thing" written. The colors are bright, the images are vivid, and the meanings are rich.

2. Types of comparison:

①Personification. For example: Du Fuchuan sings and smiles at Liulinpu, and the red flag flutters. < /p>

②Imitation. For example: Only when we are honest will we have bullies. If we dare to use the knife, the bully will have to run away with his tail between his legs.

3. Mimicry

1. .Characteristics and functions of metonymy:

Metonymy does not directly state the person or thing to be expressed, but replaces it with something related to it. It emphasizes the related points between two things. Its function is to simplify. To replace the complex, use the real to replace the imaginary, use the strange to replace the ordinary, and use things to replace the emotions.

2. Types of metonymy: 1. Characteristics replace the ontology. For example: the bearded man roars fiercely.

②Concrete replaces abstract.

③Special names replace general ones. < /p>

④The name represents the work. For example: We should read more about Lu Xun.

⑤The part represents the whole. p>

⑥Results are the reason. For example: Specializing in writing and writing,

⑦Raw materials are substituted for finished products. For example: In fifty years, everything will be in vain.

⑧The origin of place names. For example: Yan'an or Xi'an?

4. Hyperbole

1. Characteristics and functions of hyperbole:

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Exaggeration refers to the reasonable expansion or reduction of original things in order to pursue a certain expression effect. It is required that the foundation and basis of life should not be lost when used, and its function is to heighten the atmosphere and enhance associations. Give people inspiration.

2. Several forms of exaggeration:

① Exaggeration.

For example: A stream flying down three thousand feet is suspected to be the Milky Way falling from the sky.

②Reduce and exaggerate. For example: Wuling has meandering waves and Wumeng has majestic walking mud pills.

③Exaggerated and advanced. For example: when I see such bright green wheat seedlings, I can smell the fragrance of white flour steamed buns.

5. Duality

1. Characteristics and functions of duality:

Duality is "pair", also known as "opposition". It must be a pair of phrases or sentences with the same number of words, opposite parts of speech, the same structure, and related meanings. The relationship between two sentences includes succession, progression, cause and effect, assumptions and conditions, etc. Its functions are: easy to recite, musical beauty; expression

condensed meaning, smooth lyrical expression.

2. Several forms of duality:

① According to the content, it can be divided into positive pairing, oppositional pairing and serial pairing.

Opposite: The upper and lower sentences have similar meanings, are close to each other, complement each other, and contrast.

For example: The five ridges in the sky fall with silver hoes, and the earth shakes and three rivers shake with iron arms.

Opposition: The upper and lower sentences have opposite and opposite meanings. For example: It is better to chase the poor bandits with the remaining brave men, but not to be known as the academic overlord.

String pair: also known as "running pair". The meanings of the upper and lower sentences have relationships such as succession, progression, cause and effect, assumptions, conditions, etc.

For example: To have great ambitions to make sacrifices, to dare to teach the sun and moon to change the sky.

② According to the form, it can be divided into working pair and wide pair.

The so-called correct pairing means that the number of words, part of speech, structure, equivalence, word usage, etc. strictly comply with the contrasting requirements; the so-called wide pairing means that it basically meets the contrasting requirements, but there are slight differences in some aspects. In other words, the formal requirements are slightly looser.

③According to structure, it can be divided into component duality and sentence duality.

Component duality. For example: the mountains and rivers are ignorant, and the butterflies and geese are ruthless; but they treat human beings the most fairly and treat them equally, that is, they do not show joy because of the dignitaries, nor do they stingy with beauty because of the fishermen and woodcutter in the mountains.

6. Parallelism

1. Characteristics and functions of parallelism:

Parallelism consists of three or more words with the same or similar structure, related content, and tone. A consistent combination of phrases or sentences. The same word with common emphasis appears repeatedly in the same position in each phrase or sentence. Its function is to strengthen the tone, emphasize the content, and heighten the emotion.

2. Several forms of arrangement:

①Ingredient arrangement. For example: It seems that if the three northeastern provinces are lost, the party-state becomes more like a country; if the three northeastern provinces are lost, no one makes a sound, the party-state becomes more like a country; if the three northeastern provinces are lost, only a few students write a few "complaints", the party-state becomes more like a country A country can win praise from "friendly people",

It will always be the same as a "country".

② Sentence arrangement. For example: their character is so pure and noble, their will is so tenacious and strong, their temperament is so simple and humble, their mind is so beautiful and broad.

7. Asking questions

The characteristics of asking questions: "Asking without doubt." Often questions are asked knowingly, self-answering or asking questions without determining the answer. The purpose is to highlight issues to attract people's attention and inspire people to think. For example: What pigments do white flowers contain? White flowers have no pigments at all.

Another example: There has been such a huge development in social productivity and such a substantial improvement in labor productivity. What is the most important thing? The most important thing is the power of science and technology.

8. Rhetorical questions

The characteristic of rhetorical questions is also "questioning without doubt". It uses the form of interrogative sentences to express definite meanings to strengthen the tone and enhance the effect of expression. A question mark is usually placed at the end of the sentence. Some can also put an exclamation mark.

There are two forms of rhetorical questions:

①Use an affirmative form to express negation. For example: _This is the case, what else can we be proud of?

② Use negative form to express affirmation. For example: "Isn't it us, the working people, who created the human world?"

5 main expression methods in writing 5 categories

1. Narration

Narration is the key to writing The most basic and common way of expression is the author's narration and explanation of the characters' experiences, the development and changes of events, and the transformation of scenes and spaces.

1. Sequential narration - a narrative in the order of time.

The structural pattern of the sequential narrative is: general narration + sub-narration (sub-narration 1 + sub-narration 2 + sub-narration 3 + sub-narration n) + ending. Function: To describe in a clear and coherent manner.

2. Flashback - bring the ending of the event or an important section in its development to the front of the article, write the ending or section, and then write in chronological order. Function: This writing technique can create suspense and attract readers.

3. Interlude (supplementary narration is a type of interlude) - for the full text, the interlude is only a fragment. After the interlude is completed, the article returns to the original event narrative. This kind of interlude is not the main part of the narrative and generally does not occur within the mainstream time frame. If this kind of interlude is deleted, although it will weaken the profundity of the main body, it will not obviously affect the integrity of the main plot.

Function: Make the plot more complete, the structure more rigorous, and the content more substantial. The function of supplementary narration: to provide supplementary explanations to the above content and make some explanations for the following.

2. Description

Description is a way of expression that depicts the appearance and mood of the subject and reproduces it to the reader. It is one of the main modes of expression in narrative writing, especially in literary creation. In general lyrical, argumentative, and expository writing, it is sometimes used as an auxiliary means. If the description technique is well used, it can be lifelike, expressive, and vivid, making readers feel like they see the person, hear their voice, and feel they are there, and receive a strong artistic infection from it.

Generally speaking, description has the following functions: 1. Reproduce natural scenery. ②Describe the character’s appearance and inner world. ③Explain the natural and social environment in which the characters move.

1. Five methods of character description: portrait (appearance) description, language description, action description, psychological description, and expression description.

Function: To better show the character’s inner world and personality traits. Describe the character's personality, reflect the character's psychological activities, and promote the development of the storyline. etc. When you give a specific answer, you need to understand what your personality is, what your psychology is, etc.

2. Two types of environment description:

Natural environment description - describe the natural scenery in detail, create an atmosphere, and highlight the characters' emotions and thoughts. Highlight the mood of the characters, enhance the atmosphere, etc.

Description of the social environment - explain the (era) background of the characters' activities, indicate the time and place where the events occurred, exaggerate the atmosphere, and better express the characters.

3. Frontal description and side description: The front side directly expresses the characters and things; the side side highlights the characters and things.

4. Detailed description: depict the character's personality, reflect the character's psychological activities, and promote the development of the storyline. You can also describe the character's voice and receive a special effect.

3. Lyrical

Lyric is to express and express the author's feelings. It is the main expression method in lyrical style, and it is often used as an important auxiliary expression method in general literary works and narratives.

4. Discussion

Discussion means that the author expresses his opinions on a certain object of discussion to express his own views and attitudes. Its function is to make the article clear, profound, and have strong philosophical and theoretical depth. In argumentative essays, it is the main mode of expression; in general narratives, expository essays or literary works, it is often used as an auxiliary means of expression.

5. Explanation

Explanation is an expression that uses concise and concise words to clearly explain the shape, nature, characteristics, causes, relationships, functions, etc. of things. Some of the objects to be explained are physical things, such as mountains, rivers, flowers, trees, buildings, utensils, etc.; some are abstract principles, such as thoughts, consciousness, cultivation, opinions, concepts, principles, techniques, etc.

6 Common Punctuation Marks 4

1. The function of dash:

①Explanation; ②Explanation of meaning; ③Explanation of topic change;④ It means a prolongation of sound; ⑤ means a big pause or interruption in speech; ⑥ means a jump or transition in meaning; ⑦ means a summary of the above; ⑧ used before a subtitle; ⑨ means a list of matters.

2. The function of ellipses:

① Indicates the omission of quotations or quoted words; ② Indicates the omission of repeated words; ③ Indicates the omission of similar things and ordinal words; ④ Indicates the omission of similar things and ordinal words; Silence or thinking; ⑤ means speaking intermittently; ⑥ means interruption of language; ⑦ means unfinished words and incomplete meaning.

3. When using ellipses, you should pay attention to:

①The ellipsis means "etc." One is enough, but cannot be used at the same time;

② Generally, there is no period after the ellipsis.

4. The function of colon:

① Used in "say", "think", "is", "prove", "announce", "for example", "as follows" After the words, it means extracting the following.

② Used after a general utterance to indicate the subsequent explanation.

③ Used after the salutation, it means mentioning the following.

④ Used before an umbrella statement to summarize the above.

5. The function of quotation marks:

① indicates the actual content of the quotation; ② indicates sarcasm; ③ indicates a specific title; ④ indicates emphasis.

7 sentence patterns have 8 functions

1. Point out the topic and trigger the following (point sentence)

2. Point out the center and highlight the main idea (center Sentence)

3. Set up suspense and arouse interest (suspense sentence)

4. Connect the previous and the following, and connect naturally (transitional sentence)

5. Reciprocate and harmonious Unify (anaphora sentence)

6. Lateral foil, indirect foil (complimentary sentence)

7. Foreshadowing and foreshadowing for the following text (foreshadowing sentence)

8. Enhance language and highlight features (rhetorical sentences)

How to review high school Chinese knowledge points

1. Study the syllabus with a targeted focus

Chinese knowledge is relatively scattered, and Chinese The knowledge points in the textbook are not as systematic as mathematics, physics and chemistry, so it is difficult for candidates to fully cover the college entrance examination test points simply by reviewing the textbook. Therefore, it is very important to study the "Exam Syllabus" of the College Entrance Examination in the second round of review. Only by carefully studying the examination syllabus and understanding the content and ability levels of the college entrance examination questions can candidates be targeted in the second round of review and obtain the greatest returns in the shortest time.

2. Work step by step and lay a solid foundation

Before conducting the second round of review, candidates must first choose a topic review reference book that is closely integrated with the College Entrance Examination "Exam Syllabus". It’s not about having too many books, it’s about being precise. Candidates should choose review materials that suit them, and then study and practice in detail and systematically.

After selecting the materials, candidates should review them one topic at a time according to the content stipulated in the "Exam Syllabus" of the College Entrance Examination. The review here includes two aspects: one is watching, and the other is doing. Look, it’s the explanation of the college entrance examination test points. The regulations and requirements in the exam syllabus are general and general, but candidates should refine the test points during review.

Seeing is the foundation, the foundation; doing is the means, the way. Seeing is primary, doing is secondary. For some content that is difficult to master, you should draw it and read it again and again. When doing the questions, you should be good at summarizing and pay attention to the method.

3. Review the past and learn the new, summary method

Since the connection between one topic and another topic is not very close, so when reviewing new topics, candidates should review the past topics The content is constantly consolidated so as not to be forgotten. For example, when some candidates are reviewing modern reading, they have forgotten the content about incorrect sentences that they have reviewed before, and they are confused about the six types of incorrect sentences that are required to be proficient in the syllabus. The same phenomenon also appears in the examination of pronunciation, glyphs and idioms. In response to this phenomenon, candidates are reminded to squeeze out some time every day to consolidate the content they have reviewed in the past. Only through continuous consolidation can they deepen their impressions and understanding, and the previous efforts will not be in vain.