What is citation independence when using punctuation marks?

The quoted words are not independent, except for punctuation and quotation marks.

Quoted words can be independent and punctuated within quotation marks.

1. Direct quotation of the table, generally using quotation marks and colons. The content within quotation marks must be faithful to the original text.

Mao Zedong taught us: "Study hard and make progress every day."

Mao Zedong said: "The people are the real heroes, and we often It’s childish and ridiculous.”

When paraphrasing the main idea, do not use quotation marks and replace colons with commas. For example: He said that the door must be closed when no one is around.

Mr. Li taught his students: "We must adopt a pragmatic attitude, know what we know, don't know what we don't know, and don't force what we don't know into knowing." (Jiangxi Volume, 2005) (The quotation is a direct quotation, and the period should be placed inside the quotation marks)

2. Indirect quotation: When the quotation is incomplete or the quotation is part of the text, a period (question mark, question mark, (Except for exclamation marks) placed outside quotation marks or not used. There are two situations.

(1) There is no need to pause before the end of the quotation, so there cannot be any dots after it.

"With a cold eyebrow and a cold eyebrow, he points his fingers at thousands of people, but bows his head and is willing to be a Confucian bull" is a portrayal of Mr. Lu Xun's actions.

(2) There is a pause at the end of the quotation, so the period should be after the quotation marks.

Hegel once pointed out that error itself is "a necessary step in reaching its truth", which is very insightful.

Another example: The "Keep Jinan" photo exhibition deeply attracted the audience. The alley, the spring water, the green grass and moss have become shadows that are hard to find - it can be said that "the memories of dreams are so deep, and every street and alley is always full of love." (Shandong Volume, 2005) (The quotation is indirect Quotes, quotations are part of the text, so the period in the quotation marks should be placed outside)

3. In addition to quotations, quotation marks are also used in the following situations:

(1) means Words that are emphasized or emphasized can be enclosed in quotation marks. For example:

Indentured workers do not have the freedom to "do" or "not do".

(2) Words expressing sarcasm and negation can be enclosed in quotation marks. For example:

A few "kind" bosses went to the market to collect some vegetable leaves and soaked them in salt. This was their rare delicacy.

This kind of "civilized punishment" will sometimes ask you to continue for more than two hours.

(3) Words with specific titles can be enclosed in quotation marks. For example:

The people in the old base area affectionately call it the "Measuring Heaven Ruler".

"Lu Chai Bang" was anxious to boil the porridge in the big pot.

Today is May Day.

(4) Use quotation marks on onomatopoeia and transliterated words. For example:

The river flows "swishingly".

The wheels made a "rumbling" sound.

Do not abuse quotation marks for ordinary words: Generally speaking, quotation marks mark direct quotations in the text, some specific titles, words with special meanings or objects that need to be emphasized. In addition, quotation marks cannot be abused for ordinary words. .

Example: ① When the sun is completely covered by the moon, compared with the looming comet "Hale-Bopp" like a goddess, the clear Mercury is shining brightly next to the darkened sun. Venus and Jupiter are also present in the sky. (97 Nationwide) (Remove the quotation marks, and change the last comma to a semicolon to emphasize the level. The "Haier-Pop" in the sentence is not an object to be emphasized, nor is it a word with a special meaning. The quotation is inappropriate and belongs to Abuse)

The first critical test of the Unit 2 nuclear reactor of the Qinshan Second Nuclear Power Plant, my country’s first self-designed and self-built domestic commercial nuclear power plant, was successful and will be connected to the grid to generate electricity within the year. (College Entrance Examination Question) (Roads, stations, projects, etc. named after place names do not need to use quotation marks, such as "Beijing-Guangzhou Railway", "Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station", "Three Gorges Project", etc., so the quotation marks in this sentence should be deleted)

Indirect quotations do not require quotation marks. Example:

Wu Ming told me in the morning: "He sprained his foot and can't come to class today." (This is obviously an indirect quotation (paraphrasing). If it is a direct quotation, it can only be "I Feet... can’t come to class.” Therefore, the quotation marks should be removed and the colon should be replaced with a comma)

Note:

1. The quotation ends with a question mark or exclamation mark, regardless of whether it is a direct quotation or a comma. All quotations are placed within quotation marks.

Our slogan is "Long live the great unity of the Chinese people!"

He saw her face soaked with tears and said, "Are you crying?"

As soon as I entered the classroom, I saw the sign "Are you wasting your time?"

Ruda walked to the door and shouted "Zheng Tu!"

After experiencing blow after blow, he fell down and got up, always saying "Nothing can stop him" Me!" Such a sentence. (The quotation is part of the author's language, and the exclamation mark is retained)

2. If the quotation is an independent sentence with complete meaning, put the period mark at the end of the sentence inside the quotation marks. The quotation is incomplete, or the quotation is part of your own words. In this case, the period mark at the end of the sentence (except question marks and exclamations) is placed outside the back quotation marks. For example:

I think of the poem by Jia Dao of the Tang Dynasty: "Only in this mountain, the clouds are deep and I don't know where to go."

When writing articles, you should be able to "see the strange in ordinary words, and often The word "Chen" shows danger, the word "Chen" shows newness, and the word "Plain" shows color."

Robert Schumann said: "A pound of iron is only worth a few pennies, but after tempering, it can be made into thousands of clock springs, worth tens of thousands." Therefore, he advised people to "make good use of the pound of iron gifted to you."

Analysis: The first period is moved inside the quotation marks (the quotation is independent), and the second period is moved outside the quotation marks (the quotation is not independent). independent).

People often say: "The east rainbow booms and the west rainbow rains." (The words in the quotation marks are independent, and the following period is part of the quotation, and should be clicked inside the quotation marks)

Cuckoo The bird began to sing, and the working people understood what it was singing: "Grandpa and grandma, cut the wheat and plant the crops." (The words inside the quotation marks are not independent, they are a component of the whole sentence, and the independence is removed. The period at the end of the sentence is the period of the whole sentence, placed outside the quotation marks)

The horses painted by the modern painter Xu Beihong are just like As some critics said, "It is full of life and spirit."

Lu You's poem says: "If you want to learn poetry, you have to work hard outside poetry."

3. A more special situation, when the quoted content is an independent sentence, but the previous If there are several clauses of the statement, then the period is also outside the quotation marks, and this period is used to complete the sentence. Example:

Chen Xiaoyi said that her cooperation with Fan Wei was very good. "When Jin was filming, I felt that Fan acted really well. I would tell people about it when I went back after filming every day."

4. When the quotation is an indirect quotation, there should be no colon before the quotation marks. For example:

There are many times in a person’s life when it is necessary to introduce to others through writing: “What kind of person am I?” or “What kind of plan do I have?”, so modern people There are more reasons to learn to write well. (2004 National Volume III) (The colon before the quotation marks in the example sentence should be removed. It should be noted that the usage of the two question marks in the quotation is correct.

5. When there are quotations within the quotation, Use double quotation marks for the outer layer and single quotation marks for the inner layer; if there are quotations within the single quotation marks, double quotation marks should be used. For example: (an aunt) then explained: "When harvesting beans and sweet potatoes, fill them with water." It's fat. The meat is fragrant and oily. As the saying goes, "eight pounds of meat and seven pounds of oil". 6. The range of addition should be clear: Example:

Aunt Geng. Said to his son: "Dacheng, when you see people, say hello when you should say hello, and salute when you should, and don't be afraid of people laughing at you. As the saying goes: 'It's not strange to be polite to many people.'" (94 Nationwide)

Analysis: This A common saying should be "If you are polite to many people, you will not be surprised", so the word "Ma" should be placed after the single quotation mark, because it is the speaker's modal particle, the second colon is removed, and the last single quotation mark is moved after the word "weird". ; The second half of the sentence was changed to "... As the saying goes, 'It's not surprising to have a lot of people.'"

Although Europe has just suffered a setback with the "Harrier" 2, this does not prevent them from doing so. Develop an ambitious "Aurora Plan" (The quotation mark should be a complete noun, it cannot be separated, and the quotation mark should be added after "2".

7. When quoting poetry, each verse should be quoted. Add front quotes at the beginning and back quotes at the end.