How to grow soybeans? What is the planting method of soybean?

Soybean, also known as soybean, originated in China and is one of the important food crops in China. It has a cultivation history of 5000 years and is also the most important bean in the world. Soybean has high nutritional value and is called the king of beans, the meat of the field, green milk and so on. It is the most respected food among hundreds of natural foods. Soybean is most commonly used in making various bean products, extracting soybean oil, brewing soy sauce and extracting protein, and bean dregs or ground into coarse powder are also commonly used in livestock feed. The cultivation method of soybean is introduced below.

Under normal circumstances, fertilizer seeds are separated and applied 4-5 cm below the seed side, and the amount of fertilizer can be adjusted. When more than 20 kg of diammonium phosphate is applied every 667 square meters, it can be applied in layers: the depth of the upper layer of seed fertilizer is 5-7 cm, and the fertilization amount accounts for1/3; The application depth of base fertilizer is 10- 16 cm, and the fertilization amount accounts for 2/3. Or after the previous crop is harvested, the fermented organic fertilizer is evenly spread on the ground, then the fertilizer is raked into the soil with a rake, and the manure and the soil are fully mixed, and then deeply turned, and the raked bottles are finely ridged, or soybeans can be planted flat.

Fine sowing

Reasonable rotation: it is best to choose the correct stubble, not heavy, and plant it in advance.

Careful soil preparation: turn the ground according to the previous crop in summer and autumn, with a depth of 22-25 cm. When operating, there will be no big clods, no exposed strips or blocks, and the buttons should be tight and not heavy and leaking.

Soil moisture: After soil preparation, the soil moisture (calculated by dry soil weight) should be about 22% when sowing to ensure the normal water absorption and germination of seeds.

Sowing in time: Sowing soybeans in summer can be done after wheat harvest as long as the moisture content is suitable. The best sowing date is June 10 to 25th, not later than early July.

Tiantuan management

Mowing and intertillage:

(1) hoes are everywhere before the first compound leaf, so as to hoe the seedlings without damaging the seedlings and loosening the topsoil.

(2) The second intertillage should be carried out when the seedling height is about 10 cm, so as to avoid damaging the seedling, pressing the seedling or leaking grass.

(3) About 10 days after the second intertillage, the third intertillage should be carried out and more soil should be sown.

Weeding before seedling:

The most commonly used broad-spectrum herbicides in production are propsitol and clomazone, which are effective against many gramineous and broad-leaved weeds in soybean fields. Dosage: 5% Puster aqua, the dosage is per hectare 1.5-2 kg; 48% clomazone EC, 2-2.5 kg per hectare. Pust, tribenuron-methyl and clomazone can remain in soil for a long time, and special attention should be paid to the phytotoxicity of the following crops.

Weeding after seedling:

⑴ Herbicide suitable for early emergence: Pust is the most widely used herbicide in production at present. When weeds are first unearthed, they are generally not later than the second compound leaf stage of soybeans. The dosage of Pusht applied in the early stage of emergence is: 5% Pusht aqueous solution per hectare 1- 1.5 kg, and it should not exceed 1.5 kg per hectare. We should choose the weather with high humidity before and after the rain to avoid high temperature and dry noon and windy weather.

(2) The dosage of emulsion is 12%, and the dosage per hectare is 1- 1.5 kg; Concentrate 1.5%, and the dosage per hectare is 0.75- 1 kg; 5% Jingcaoke EC and 24% Kekuole EC, the dosage per hectare is 0.33-0.75 kg.

⑶ Herbicides suitable for the late stage of seedling emergence are generally applied at the compound leaf stage of 2-3 pieces of soybean. When the soil moisture is good in spring, the pesticide can be applied early, and the lower limit is generally used. In spring drought, the application can be delayed appropriately, and the dosage is generally limited.

Summer sowing technology

Irrigation before sowing: For plots with poor soil moisture and irrigation conditions, irrigation 1 time can be used before sowing to facilitate seed germination after sowing. Combined with irrigation for closed weeding in the field.

Sowing date: Sowing soybean in summer is very important because its growing season is short. Sow in time, the seedling rate is high, the seedlings are neat and strong, the growth and development are good, and the stems are strong.

Reasonable close planting: reasonable close planting is to correctly handle the relationship between individuals and groups under the local and specific conditions at that time, so as to maximize the development of groups and individuals; Make full use of light energy and soil fertility per unit area; Under the same cultivation conditions, comparative economic benefits can be obtained. You can sow on the ridge, which can increase the sowing area and make the soybean taste better.

Autumn sowing technology

Soil preparation: after ploughing, divide the paddy field into compartments with a width of 2-3 meters, a row spacing of 3 meters and a hole spacing of 0.33 meters. 2-3 seeds per hole, with a density of about 30,000 plants per mu.

Sowing at the right time: Generally, sow before August 10, and the sowing amount per mu is 8- 10 kg.

Rational fertilization: 25 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 500 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer are used as covering seed fertilizer per mu; At the initial flowering stage, depending on the seedling situation, 3-5 kg of urea should be topdressing per mu, 40-50 kg of 2% calcium superphosphate clear solution should be used per mu at the pod-setting stage, and 30-40 kg of 0.05% ammonium molybdate diluent should be used per mu, and the two should be mixed and sprayed on the leaves. Or spraying 0. 1% borax solution on leaves to improve grain plumpness.

Field management: In case of high temperature during sowing, irrigation should be carried out after sowing. If the water content is insufficient after sowing, you can water it at night. Seedlings should be fixed at intervals in time at the 3-leaf stage. Generally, the planting density is 30,000-40,000 plants per mu, and after planting, 6-8 kilograms of urea should be applied in time per mu. Timely intertillage weeding, usually 2-3 times intertillage weeding, can also be cultivated in soil.