Main nonmetallic minerals for building materials

Non-metallic minerals of building materials in Xinjiang are characterized by many kinds, good quality, large reserves and wide distribution. At present, more than 70 kinds of such minerals have been found, with the origin of 1400, among which muscovite, vermiculite, ceramic soil, decorative pyroxene and shale for brick and tile account for the first place in China. Feldspar, serpentine, bentonite, marble for cement and sand for brick and tile are the second. The third place is diabase for casting stone and diabase for building; The fourth place is asbestos, brick clay, clay for cement, mudstone for cement ingredients, marble for building and limestone for ash making; The fifth place is ceramsite clay; The seventh place is marl and architectural granite; The eighth place is shale, talc, facing granite and building sand for cement batching.

(A) the magic clay-bentonite

Bentonite, also known as bentonite or bentonite, is a kind of high-quality pure clay with montmorillonite mineral content above 85%. In addition to montmorillonite, it also contains a small amount of impurities, such as quartz, feldspar, mica, zeolite and pyrite.

Bentonite can be divided into three types according to the amount of cations adsorbed by montmorillonite: calcium-based bentonite, sodium-based bentonite and acid clay (hydrogen ion bentonite).

1. Properties and uses

Montmorillonite is a layered hydrous aluminosilicate mineral with the molecular structural formula of (1/2Ca, Na)0.7(Al, Mg, Fe)4(Si, Al) 8O20 (OH) 4 NH2O.

Bentonite is earthy or blocky, soft and slippery, with a relative density of 2 ~ 3, generally white, grayish white, light green and reddish. Strong water absorption, the maximum water absorption is 3 ~ 15 times of its own volume. Excellent plasticity, strong adhesion and no hard particles mixed with S are ideal sculpture materials. It is colloidal suspension in aqueous solution, and also has lubricity, dissolution uniformity and anion exchange.

Bentonite has the above properties, and its application is more and more extensive.

For example, it is widely used as a binder for pellets in iron and steel industry. Pellets are iron concentrate powder with iron grade ≥ 67%, which is mixed with a certain proportion of bentonite and bonded into balls. After drying, the grade of total iron is more than or equal to 65%, which can be directly put into electric furnace for steelmaking without ironmaking process. Moreover, the beneficiation of lean iron ore from iron concentrate to pellets has become the development trend in China. In addition to the annual output of 6.5438+0.8 million tons of pellets, Xinjiang Bagang Group also imports 6.5438+0.8 million tons from Kazakhstan every year, and the rest buy iron concentrate, iron ore and pellets from mining enterprises in Xinjiang.

Bentonite is used as a binder for model sand in foundry industry. Used as mud in geological drilling; Used as decoloring agent in petrochemical industry, food and beverage; Used for cotton sizing (saving a lot of flour) and bleaching and decoloring in textile industry; As additives for ceramics, paints and daily chemicals; The most widely used in the construction industry are wall coatings and asphalt coatings (anti-leakage materials); It can also be used as beverage additive and mineral compound fertilizer in agriculture. In a word, bentonite is more and more widely used.

2. Origin and distribution

There are two genetic types of bentonite deposits in Xinjiang: inland lake sedimentary type and volcanic sedimentary alteration type, the former is the main genetic type.

Mainly distributed in northern Xinjiang and eastern Xinjiang, 16 has been found, and 8 places have been listed in Xinjiang resource reserve table through geological work. Among them, there are 2 large-scale deposits, 5 medium-sized deposits 1, and 5 small-scale deposits, with submitted resource reserves of 489 million tons and basic reserves of1.300 million tons.

The most famous producing areas are Wulanlinger-Riyuelei deposit in Tacheng area and Bukesaier Mongolian Autonomous County, and their genesis belongs to inland lake sedimentary type. The ore body is covered on the Cretaceous strata, exposed to the surface, and its occurrence is basically horizontal, showing layered output. There are several layers on the profile of the ore body, the thickest of which is 37 meters, but 5 ~ 7 meters are being mined. Due to the wide distribution area, the range of resource reserves delineated in the exploration area is only one tenth of that of a small and large-scale deposit, which provides very convenient conditions for expanding resource reserves in the future and putting them into geological work at any time, and has a very good prospect. The resource reserves of the production area are 375 million tons, of which the basic reserves are 84 million tons.

The other place of origin is the Cole alkali bentonite deposit in Toksun county, and the genetic type belongs to volcanic hydrothermal metasomatism type. The ore body is lenticular, with a thickness of1.5 ~ 72.7m, a width of 50 ~100m, a length of 2,000m, a buried depth of 0 ~ 400m and an inclination of 25 ~ 35. The calculated area of reserves is only 0.25 square kilometers, and the calculated resource reserves are1.1.800 million tons, of which the basic reserves are 0.39 million tons, and the peripheral prospect is likely to continue to expand.

There is also a medium-sized deposit in Hami Shaer Lake, which belongs to volcanic sedimentary deposit. It occurs in the lower Jurassic strata, and the ore body is layered and consists of eight ore bodies. Each ore body is 7 ~17.54m thick, 0/100m long, 0/30m wide, 38 ~ 49 dip angle, 0 ~120m buried depth and 0./kloc-0 resource reserve.

The other five producing areas are all small deposits, so I won't introduce them here.

The content of montmorillonite in Xinjiang bentonite is ≥ 50%, and sodium and calcium groups coexist. The decolorization rate was 95.53%, the swelling ratio was 6.32mL/g, and the total cation exchange capacity was 47.85%. Although the scale of bentonite mine in Hami Shaer Lake is medium, it is all sodium-based, with montmorillonite content of 6 1.67% and expansion multiple of 16.5. Therefore, the quality of bentonite in Xinjiang is high, and the proven and preserved resource reserves rank second in the country, and it is possible to further expand. It can be said that this kind of solution will not precipitate in water, and it is always in the suspended state of soil-water colloid, and its volume is increasing at the rate of 8 ~16 ml/g. The special properties of this mysterious bentonite will bring changes to new products in development and application, and will be closely related to people's daily life and the emergence of a new generation of daily necessities.

3. Product output and development trend

China is rich in bentonite resources, ranking second in the world after the United States, with a resource reserve of 2.5 billion tons.

At present, there are more than 40 countries producing bentonite in the world, with an annual output of about120,000 tons. The main producing countries are Russian, American, China, Indian, Greek and Cypriot. Among them, the United States has the largest output, with an annual output of 4 million tons and China's 3.5 million tons.

In the world bentonite consumption, iron pellets account for 27. 1%, casting accounts for 23.8%, drilling mud accounts for 18%, adsorbents, absorbents and pesticides account for 17.4%, feed accounts for 5%, building materials account for 3% and others account for 6%.

China bentonite is mainly used in China, accounting for 73.5% in casting, 7% in drilling mud, 6.3% in petrochemical industry, 8.2% in light industry, building materials, pesticides, printing and dyeing, and 2% in export.

However, with the expansion of application fields, the dosage has increased rapidly. For example, after purification, sodium bentonite becomes an insulating material with high temperature resistance and high resistance, which is superior to mica in performance and can be used to manufacture various optical automatic signal devices and electrical insulating films. In addition, there are activated clay, organic bentonite, desiccant, high-efficiency water absorbent, forest fire extinguishing agent, high-temperature lubricant, additives for papermaking, rubber, toothpaste, soap, soap and so on.

Xinjiang has an annual output of 600,000 tons, which is mainly used for drilling mud and preparing activated clay and iron pellets. The production backbone enterprise is Bingtuan 184 Bentonite Factory, and another bentonite processing enterprise is also under construction in Bussel County. However, there are few kinds of products at present, mainly because the purification process of bentonite has not been carried out, which has affected the great opportunity to enter the domestic market.

(2) Muscovite, a transparent stone, can be peeled into paper.

Mica is the general name of mica minerals, and there are many kinds, including muscovite, biotite, phlogopite, zinc mica, lepidolite and so on. This paper mainly introduces muscovite in Xinjiang.

Muscovite is the most widely used mineral in industry, and it is also a layered hydrated aluminosilicate mineral, which often contains elements such as lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, barium, zinc and aluminum. Its molecular formula is K2Al4[Si6Al2O20](OH, F)4, which belongs to monoclinic system and is usually a pseudo-hexagonal flaky crystal. Most muscovite is colorless, light brown and light green, easy to peel, and can be peeled into extremely thin slices (thickness less than 0. 1 mm), with high transparency and elasticity. The relative density is 2.75 ~ 3. 1 and the hardness is 2.53.

Acid and alkali resistance, strong compression and high temperature resistance, strong chemical stability and excellent insulation performance, so it is widely used in electrical equipment and electrical equipment. Such as manufacturing electron tubes, capacitors, rectifiers, motors, etc. Manufacturing heat-resistant parts and steam boilers in metallurgical and mechanical industries. Broken mica has a high degree of dispersion and can maintain a strong suspension in viscous media, so it is also widely used as a filler for paints, plastics and rubber. In recent years, it has been gradually applied to the production of building materials, especially mica paper, which has alleviated the huge pressure of mica consumption.

1. Origin and distribution

The reserves of muscovite resources in Xinjiang rank first in all provinces and regions in China. Judging from the proven origin of 9 1, it is mainly distributed in Altai Mountain. Altai Mountain in Xinjiang is a famous granite pegmatite distribution area in China. Besides muscovite, rare metal minerals such as beryllium, lithium, niobium, tantalum, rubidium and cesium are also produced here.

The other origin is Kangxiwa to Dahongliutan, which is also the concentrated distribution area of granite pegmatite veins. 1966 The Second Brigade of Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources submitted the preliminary exploration geological report of vein 1 in Kangxiwa muscovite mining area of Pishan County and the detailed investigation geological report of muscovite in Kangxiwa Akshayi mining area. However, more ore-bearing pegmatite dikes have not yet worked, which are basically blank areas for geological work. Therefore, the prospecting prospect is broad.

In addition, there are a few muscovite deposit and ore occurrences in the East-West Tianshan Mountains and the Southwest Tianshan Mountains, but the output is not large.

2. Production status and resource prospect

As far as more than 90 muscovite deposit distributed in Altai Mountain in Xinjiang are concerned, it was discovered and explored by the Fourth Geological Brigade of the Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources in the 20th century, with a resource of 50,209 tons, of which the basic reserve is 3,2301ton. During the period of 1999, due to the introduction of mica substitute products into the domestic market, the mining and stripping of mica, an industrial raw material in Xinjiang, all stopped production, and four mica factories of the former corps nonmetallic company were successively dismounted. At present, most of the mining enterprises are private small mines, producing mica chips for mica paper in mainland provinces, with an annual output of about 3000 tons.

India, Brazil and Canada are the main producers of muscovite in the world, and these three countries are also the main exporters of muscovite in the world. Norway, Britain, Belgium and the United States are the main exporters of deep-processed products of broken mica.

The United States, Russia and Japan are the main importers of muscovite mineral raw materials in the world.

China's demand for muscovite is completely self-sufficient. In addition to muscovite produced in Xinjiang, there are muscovite produced in Sichuan, Inner Mongolia, Tibet and Qinghai.

With the construction of national highways from Yecheng, Xinjiang to Ali, Tibet, and from Susan to Kangxiwa to Dahongliutan, there are granite pegmatite veins in the range of 65,438+080 km long and 65,438+00 km wide from north to south. Some of these veins contain muscovite minerals, some contain beryl (beryllium ore) or columbite-tantalite, and some contain spodumene, which needs to be further explored. Once put into geological work, the resources and reserves of muscovite and rare metals in Xinjiang will be greatly increased.

(3) Asbestos, a cotton that is not afraid of fire

The world is big, and there is no wonder. Among the rocks in the mountains, there are stones like cotton. This kind of stone fiber can be used for spinning and weaving, and the clothes made are not afraid of fire. This kind of stone is usually called asbestos.

Asbestos is a silicate mineral with fibrous structure, but it can be divided into two categories and six kinds of asbestos according to its composition and internal structure changes.

1. Composition and properties

All kinds of asbestos can be split into very fine fibers, which have the spinnability of ordinary fibers and good heat insulation, heat preservation, acid resistance, alkali resistance, insulation and corrosion resistance, among which chrysotile asbestos has the best performance, and the asbestos produced in Xinjiang happens to be chrysotile asbestos (see Table 7-4- 1 for details).

Table 7-4- 1 Classification of Asbestos

sequential

use

Chrysotile asbestos (serpentine asbestos) is mainly used to produce asbestos textile products (such as asbestos rope, thread, electrolytic cloth and diaphragm curtain), asbestos brake products (such as brake pads, clutches and brake pads) and asbestos rubber products (such as high, medium and low pressure discs, gaskets and oil-resistant rubber); Production of asbestos cement products (asbestos board, tile, pipe); Production of asbestos insulation products (asbestos brick, pipe, asbestos ash, insulation board), as well as asbestos asphalt products and asbestos reinforced plastic products.

Asbestos is widely used in the manufacture of materials such as transmission, braking, sealing, heat preservation, heat protection, insulation, noise reduction and anticorrosion in machinery manufacturing, transportation, chemical industry, metallurgy, construction, electric power and other industries. Asbestos should be used as filler for airport runways and special roads. In the national defense and aerospace industries, the composite materials of asbestos and ceramic fiber, asbestos and carbon fiber, and asbestos and nylon fiber are important heat insulation and sealing materials for missiles and rockets.

3. General situation of origin and resources

Asbestos mines in Xinjiang are mainly distributed in Ruoqiang and Qiemo counties in Bazhou, followed by Toksun and Toli counties, while production mines and processing enterprises are concentrated in Yitongbulake mining area in Ruoqiang county.

By the end of 2007, there were 6 million tons of asbestos reserves in Xinjiang, including 2.6 million tons of basic reserves, and 2.48 million tons in the south mining area from Line 22 to Line 28 of Yitunbulake asbestos mine in Ruoqiang County.

From the perspective of resource prospect, there is an inclined extension of ore body in the deep part between No.28 and No.58 exploration lines in Yitunbulake mining area of Ruoqiang County, which is the focus of future exploration and the basis for expanding the prospect and increasing resource reserves in this mining area in the future. In addition, there is a geological basis and possibility to increase resource reserves in the periphery and deep part of Apa asbestos mine in Ruoqiang County. The prospecting prospect of asbestos deposits in Xinjiang lies in the ultra-basic rock belt with a length of about 520 kilometers distributed east and west in Altun.

4. Mine production and ore processing

The main asbestos production mines in Xinjiang are Tongbulake mining area in Ruoqiang county (mined by state-owned units in the county) and Ingrid mining area in Ruoqiang county (mined by the 33rd regiment of the Second Agricultural Division of the Corps). Yushugou Mining Area in Toksun County (mined by the 22nd Regiment of the Second Agricultural Division of the Corps).

In Xinjiang Asbestos Mine, except Yitunbulake in Ruoqiang County only uses magnetic separation flotation process for small batch production, large-scale production adopts manual selection. Xinjiang's asbestos (mine) production capacity is 70,000-80,000 tons, most of which are for inland provinces and regions, and a few are for Xinjiang building materials enterprises. The poor mechanical separation ability of ore is the fundamental reason for the large mining capacity and low utilization rate of many mines in China. Therefore, it is required to prohibit individual enterprises with poor technology and small scale from mining large asbestos mining areas.

(4) Vermiculite, a stone that expands when deformed at high temperature.

Vermiculite is an aluminosilicate mineral with eight crystal waters, and its appearance is similar to that of mica. It is also a mineral formed by hydrolytic weathering or hydrothermal alteration of mica.

When vermiculite is roasted at 800 ~ 1000℃, it gradually distorts and its volume expands rapidly (the expansion multiple is 8 ~ 30 times). Therefore, according to this feature, it makes sense to name the leeches in the river and the creepy blood-sucking animals that constantly twist their dark brown bodies as vermiculite. The color of vermiculite is exactly the same as that of leech, and the distorted posture and deformed appearance of vermiculite after heating are the same as that of leech, so mineralogists use similar substances to name this mineral to highlight its physical characteristics.

1. Properties and uses

Molecular formula: (Mg, Ca )0.7(Mg, Fe3+, AI) 6 [Al Si] 8O20] (OH) 4 8H2O.

The volume of vermiculite expands rapidly after roasting, and the expanded vermiculite has fine air barrier and excellent heat insulation performance.

Because the density of vermiculite is generally 2.5 tons/m3, but it is 0.2 tons/m3 after roasting and expansion, vermiculite has the properties of light bulk density, cold resistance, heat preservation, heat insulation and noise reduction. Widely used in building materials, chemical industry, electric power, petroleum, transportation and other departments.

Thermal insulation: Vermiculite cement, bricks, plates, shells and special-shaped materials are made of vermiculite (after roasting) powder, which can be used to build furnace covers, water heaters, incubators, refrigerators and filters for smelting furnaces.

Sound insulation: Silencers for machinery and transportation machinery.

Filler: used in the production of rubber, plastic and oilcloth.

Decorative materials: used for printing and furniture.

In addition, it can also be used as lubricant and agricultural compound mineral fertilizer.

2. Origin and resource reserves

Vermiculite is the main mineral in Xinjiang. There are three producing areas in Xinjiang, but only Yuli County and Ganbulake vermiculite have industrial value. The mine was explored by the Third Geological Brigade of Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources. 1February, 1988, the geological report on detailed investigation of vermiculite apatite deposits in Yuli County and Ganbulake County was submitted. Approved by our bureau, the resource reserve is18410.2 million tons. It is also a world-class super-large comprehensive deposit, mainly apatite and diopside. Its proven resource reserves account for 90% of the national total, ranking first in the country. The mine is not only large in scale, but also of good quality, with an ore-rich rate of 85%. The hydrogeological conditions in the mining area are simple, the main ore is shallow buried, easy to open-pit mining, high recovery rate of mineral processing technology and low cost. * * * raw materials apatite and diopside can also be comprehensively utilized. There is fresh water-Qike Spring in kurban, 8 kilometers away from the mining area, with a daily water supply of 4 122 cubic meters. The mining area and its surroundings are flat and the traffic is very convenient. After nearly 20 years of mining, the mine construction has been gradually improved, and its products and sales have certain competitiveness in domestic and foreign markets.

3. Output and scale

Moreover, Ganbulake vermiculite ore is favored by domestic and foreign customers because of its rich ore, simple beneficiation process, high recovery rate, high grade and excellent quality.

From 1992 to 18600 tons, from 1993 to 44000 tons, the output increased year by year, reaching 1 1000 tons in 2000, and now it has reached 1500 tons. At present, there are mainly three mining enterprises: the Third Geological Brigade of Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, the Second Agricultural Division of Corps and Bazhou local state-owned company.

At present, there are three kinds of products: vermiculite minerals (crushing and grading), expanded vermiculite and compound fertilizer, which have a good market prospect.

(5) High alumina raw material-andalusite

Andalusite is a high alumina mineral, just like kyanite and sillimanite. Its molecular formula is the same, but the aluminum content is slightly different. See Table 7-4-2 for details:

Table 7-4-2 Comparison of Aluminum Content among Andalusite, Kyanite and Sillimanite

Although andalusite, like kyanite and sillimanite, is a high-alumina mineral, it is not used as a raw material for aluminum smelting all over the world, and bauxite is still used as a raw material for aluminum smelting.

Andalusite deposits are only found in 10 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China. Liaoning Province has the largest reserves, followed by Gansu Province, and Xinjiang ranks third. The distribution of this mine in other provinces and regions in China is limited, and it has not been included in the standard text of geological exploration of the Ministry of Land and Resources, so there is no unified technical, economic and industrial index for reference. Moreover, there is no textual research on the current situation of domestic use.

As far as the known uses of andalusite are concerned, it is mainly used as refractory materials and as deoxidizer and reductant of high melting point metal oxides in metallurgical industry.

Xinjiang has two main andalusite producing areas. One is the Holagou andalusite deposit in Yanqi County, Korla City. In 2002, the Third Brigade of Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources submitted a detailed investigation report, which was approved by the Evaluation Center of the Ministry of Land and Resources. The resource reserve of this mine is 4153,200 tons, of which the basic reserve is1.01.31.000 tons. The other is the Kurukkuntai andalusite deposit in Baicheng County, which is divided into two ore belts, north and south. The deposit is large in scale, with an exposed altitude of 2350-2600 meters. It belongs to the middle and high mountain area and the traffic is inconvenient. The level of geological work has only reached the prospecting stage, and the calculated resources are/kloc-0.05 million tons, and the mineral resources are about 20.96 million tons. Due to the low level of geological work, the Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources did not approve it. The Holagou andalusite deposit is also divided into two zones, north and south, with a large scale. Andalusite is richer in grade than Kurukkun, and the delineated mining area is only a part of the belt. In a word, the andalusite producing areas in the two counties can be expanded in the future, and the prospects are more optimistic.

At present, there is only one private enterprise in Korla, with an annual output of about 654.38+10,000 tons and an andalusite mine of nearly 20,000 tons, which is mainly used by domestic users.

(VI) Expensive clay-montmorillonite (montmorillonite)

Montmorillonite is the only mineral found in Yushugou mining area, Toksun County, Xinjiang.

Montmorillonite is an octahedral layered silicate mineral, which is white, fine in texture, low in hardness and slippery to the touch. Its surface is oily and shiny to montmorillonite, and earthy to montmorillonite, but it is powdery after weathering, popcorn when it cracks in water, and milky white when it is soaked in water.

That is to say, after being dissolved in water, it expands in volume, melts into a colloidal suspension with water and never settles. This unique property doubles the value of montmorillonite, and its products show noble quality and expensive price.

Such as soap, soap, washing liquid, lipstick, soap chips, talcum powder, toothpaste and so on. Using montmorillonite as filler is not only fine and smooth, but also beneficial to human body. Because it contains natural minerals and a variety of trace elements, it really plays a role in beautifying and caring human skin, and will not cause any stimulation and harm to the five senses. It is the best filler for daily ointment care products in the world today.

Sizing in textile industry, paper pulp, fillers in plastic and rubber industry, and adhesives for iron balls can all come in handy. But for montmorillonite, it should be used in high, fine, sharp and high price, so as to show the true value of montmorillonite.

Tuokexun Yushugou Montmorillonite Mine is located in the contact zone between Middle Devonian metamorphic rocks and magmatic rocks (alkaline granite and plagioclase peridotite), and the ore body is layered. It is mainly composed of three ore bodies, of which No.3 ore body is the largest, with a length of 300 meters and a thickness of 47.44 meters. The ore minerals are mainly montmorillonite and montmorillonite, with an average content of 15%. The ore body is shallow buried, exposed to the surface, with simple hydrogeological and engineering geological conditions, which is very suitable for open-pit mining, but attention should be paid to the influence of sudden rainfall on the mining site.

The 11th Geological Brigade of Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources submitted the exploration report of montmorillonite in Yushugou, Toksun County. After examination by the Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, it was approved that the resource reserve (montmorillonite colloid) was 260,500 tons, of which the basic reserve (montmorillonite colloid) was 74,700 tons. Although the reserves of the above resources are very small, they are unique in China, so we must cherish them and not abuse them.

Tuokexun County has been actively preparing mines since the end of 1990s, and cooperated with Clay Research Institute of Zhejiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources to develop mineral processing technology. So far, this research has been intermittent.

(7) Colored decorative stones

Xinjiang has a vast territory (accounting for one-sixth of the country), with Altai Mountain in the north, middle and south, Tianshan Mountain and Kunlun Mountain in the east-west direction. Among the three mountains, magmatic rocks are particularly developed, among which granite is widely distributed.

At present, there are more than 0/00 known producing areas/kloc-,including 45 large deposits, 6 medium deposits/kloc-,5 small deposits/kloc-,and more than 30 occurrences. Those who have inconvenient transportation or were born in high altitude areas have no further work and statistics. Xinjiang is located in the inland of Central Asia, with arid climate, less precipitation, large evaporation and large temperature difference between day and night. Granite is mostly exposed on the ground, showing a large area of bedrock distribution, but rarely appears in the form of rock basins and rock plants. Therefore, the distribution area of granite in Xinjiang is not only wider than that in other provinces, but also has many producing areas, complete varieties, excellent quality and great resource potential.

1. Connotation of decorative stone

Decorative stone: used for internal and external decoration of buildings, with certain decorative effect and durability (acid and alkali resistance), suitable for processing into a certain degree of plates.

Decorative stone is divided into three categories:

Marble (marble, serpentine, limestone)

Granite (granite, diorite, syenite, gabbro, migmatite, pyroxenite, crystalline metamorphic rock.

Slate (slate)

We specialize in facing granite stone, and there are standards issued by the State Building Materials Industry Bureau in industrial application.

2. General industrial requirements

Beautiful and stable colors and patterns. At present, there is a market for black, red and white.

Requirements for color lines, color dots, holes and others: There are few requirements for color dots, color lines, holes, metal oxides and sulfides that hinder decorative performance.

Contrast: It is required that there is no difference in splicing effect of granite polished surface.

Raw material blockage: generally, it is required to be greater than or equal to 1 m3, and the plane area after cutting should be greater than 0.5 m2, and the rare varieties can be appropriately smaller. The minimum area of the board is greater than 0.3× 0. 1.5 ~ 0.3 m2, and the rejection rate is greater than 1.5% ~ 20%.

Physical properties: fresh rock with uniform mineral distribution, compact structure and high hardness should not have obvious pores, its water absorption is less than 65,438 0.5%, its acid resistance is 97.5% ~ 98.5%, its compressive strength after pickling is 85% or more of its original strength, and it can also be used as an alkali-resistant material.

Expansion coefficient: less than 8× 10-6, that is, 0.000008.

3. Origin and variety

There are many proven mining areas with certain resource reserves in Xinjiang. Here are several main representative mining areas:

(1) The Dabaishi granite mine in Xingxingxia, Hami City is located 28km northeast of Xingxingxia, and it is directly accessible by simple highway. The granite in the mining area is Tianhe Stone plagiogranite, and the rock mass is in the form of a rock plant, with a length of 1km and a width of 400m m.. The ore is mainly composed of sky-blue Tianhe stone and topaz plagioclase, with a block size of 0.3 ~ 1.5 cubic meter. The color is egg white, and Tianhe stones are scattered in it, forming a bright and elegant mottle, which is a rare domestic product. The rejection rate of ore is 50% ~ 60%, and the mining and transportation conditions are good. The ore has good processability, uniform grain size and pattern, and high gloss, and belongs to high-grade decorative stone. Ore resource reserves1120,000 cubic meters, including basic reserves of 420,000 cubic meters.

(2) Akbastao granite deposit in Toli County.

Potash granite is located at 65km northeast of Toli County, and occurs in the fourth phase intrusive rock mass of Hualixi, in which 12 ore body has a certain scale (see Table 7-4-3).

Table 7-4-3 Statistical Table of Ore Characteristics of Akbastao Potash Granite

The lithology of the ore is biotite potash feldspar granite, which is orange-purple, yellow and white, with medium-coarse grained granite structure, porphyritic structure and massive structure. Mineral composition: feldspar 65% ~ 75%, quartz 20% ~ 30%, biotite and amphibole less than 3%. Chemical composition of ore: SiO 274.04% ~ 76.20%, Al2O312.013.39%, Fe2O3 1.22% ~ 1.88%, Cao 0. Na2O33.38%，SO30.005% ~0.3 1%。

According to the different composition, color and structure of feldspar in the ore, it can be divided into the following three stone varieties: red biotite granite (Xinjiang red), yellow biotite granite (chrysanthemum yellow) and white porphyritic granite (cream flower).

After sample testing, processing and trial mining, the compressive strength of the ore is 30.7 ~ 167.6 MPa, the glossiness is 76 ~ 86, the relative density is 2.55 ~ 2.59, the water absorption is 0./kloc-0.4% ~ 0.24%, the acid resistance is 99.22% ~ 99.92%. The average theoretical waste mining area is 43.78%, and the average waste rate of actual trial mining is 36.62%. The performance of cutting, grinding and sawing is good, and the plate rate is 25 ~ 30m2/m3.

Approved by the Reserve Committee of the Autonomous Region, the reserve of decorative granite resources is 3,432,500 cubic meters, including red 654.38+0.2562 million cubic meters, yellow 654.38+0.965,438+0.920 cubic meters and white 257.654,38+0.000 cubic meters.

(3) Sangjinbulake Granite Mine in Bole City

Located 28km northeast of Bole City, granite occurs in the form of bedrock, with large distribution area, good degree of rock mass differentiation, obvious lithofacies zoning and gradual transition. According to the lithofacies zoning, it can be divided into orange coarse-grained biotite porphyry granite, bordeaux coarse-grained biotite granite and yellow medium-coarse grained biotite porphyry granite.

And mainly use two varieties of orange and Bordeaux. Through mechanical sample test and compressive test, the chemical stability is excellent, which completely meets the standard of decorative stone, but the required reserves are only a small part of the large rock foundation, and its resources are large and its prospects are broad. The resource reserve of the mine reported by Xinjiang Building Materials Geological Brigade is 5,834,38+0,000 cubic meters, of which the basic reserve is 4,857,700 cubic meters.

In addition, there are Dahongshan granite mine in Hami City, Yuyin granite mine in Hami City, Hongshitougou granite mine in Turpan City, Sangshuyuanzi granite mine in Toksun County, Heshuo Zhahe Braque granite mine, Nanmuzate granite mine in Huangshan Mountain in Hami City, and Shanshan red granite mine in Kangxi East of Shanshan County.

4. Output and demand

China stone came from behind, and China stone waste output jumped from 1999 to the first in the world. Since 198 1 Xinjiang began to mine decorative stone, the stone industry has developed rapidly, and the scale and output of stone processing enterprises have increased year by year. At the peak of 200 1, there are 45 granite mines and 66 processing enterprises, which survive the fittest in the market competition. However, reserve and emerging mines and enterprises have more advanced equipment, and the production scale tends to be formal.

At present, the waste production capacity in this area is 6.5438+0.5 million cubic meters, and the actual annual output is 80,000 cubic meters. The total production capacity of processing enterprises is 3 million square meters per year, which is actually 6.5438+0.8 million square meters, of which 34.6% are in Xinjiang and 56.86% are in inland provinces, and the export volume is only 0.5 million square meters. It has gradually become another important production base and reserve base after Fujian, Guangdong, Shandong and Sichuan provinces.

According to the further expansion of domestic and international markets, the output will increase steadily. It is predicted that in 20 10, the actual output of facing granite in Xinjiang will reach 250,000 cubic meters, and the plate processing will be 3.2-4 million cubic meters.

Figure 7- 1- 1 anhydrous mirabilite

Figure 7- 1-2 Urumqi Salt Lake Chemical Plant

Figure 7- 1-3 Lop Nur potash base

Fig. 7- 1-4 Geological Schematic Diagram of Selgaff Sodium Nitrite Deposit in Shanshan County

Fig. 7- 1-5 sodium nitrite ore

Fig. 7- 1-6 Geological Map of Aqixu Salt Mound in Wensu County

Figure 7- 1-7 Fishing outside the salt lake

Fig. 7- 1-8 Crystalline Salt in Salt Lake

Figure 7- 1-9 Bentonite

Figure 7- 1- 10 muscovite

Figure 7- 1- 1 asbestos

Fig. 7- 1- 12 Hegan bulake vermiculite mine

Figure 7- 1- 13 andalusite

Fig. 7- 1- 14 saponite

Figure 7- 1- 15 Granite

Figure 7-3- 1 Application of rock salt