Chaoshan folk customs in Chaoshan area

In history, it has been called "Chaozhou" for nearly 2000 years. Historically, it has been called "Chaozhou" (Sui, Tang, and Song Dynasties), "Chaozhou Road" (Yuan Dynasty), and "Chaozhou Prefecture" (Ming and Song Dynasties). Qing Dynasty) and so on, the name "Chaoshan" did not appear until 1904. In 1904, Zhang Yunan, a native of Songkou, Jiaying Prefecture (now Songkou Town, Meixian District, Meizhou City) and others saw the huge development potential here, so they set up Chaoshan Railway Co., Ltd. to build a direct railway from the seat of Chaozhou Prefecture to Shantou Port. In 1906, the Chaoshan Railway was completed, and the "Chaoshan" locomotive was installed and put into service. Hence the new term "Chaoshan". The Dingwei Huanggang Uprising occurred on May 22, 1907. This was an armed uprising that overthrew the Qing feudal dynasty under the leadership of Sun Yat-sen himself. This armed uprising was of great significance, but the "Nanyang General Report" vigorously accused Sun Yat-sen of colluding with the "Chaoshan Hui Party" , instigating the Huanggang Uprising. The name "Chaoshan" came from this and gradually became widely known. The land of "Chaoshan" has gradually attracted the attention of the outside world. After 1921, Shantou was established as a city and a city hall was established, under the leadership of the Guangdong Provincial Government, becoming another regional highlight of Chaoshan after Chaozhou Fucheng.

The establishment time of each town in Chaoshan

Chaoshan is the land of Minyue. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, in order to weaken Minyue, Minyue was split, and the Chaoshan area was assigned to the jurisdiction of South Vietnam.

In the 33rd year of the First Emperor of Qin - 214 BC, the Qin Dynasty established Jieyang County and placed it under the jurisdiction of Nanhai County;

In 111 BC, the Han Dynasty established Jieyang County and placed it under the jurisdiction of Nanhai County;

In 331, Jieyang was abolished and Haiyang and Chaoyang were placed under the jurisdiction of Dongguan County; in 413, the Jin Dynasty established Ngee'an County; in 523, Raoping was County and Nan'ao County were transferred back to Fujian and belonged to Nan'an County.

In 590, the tenth year of the founding of the Emperor, the Sui Dynasty abolished the state and established counties. The following year, Chaozhou was established in Nghe An County. It was named after the reciprocating tide, and the name of Chaozhou came from this;

The Sui Dynasty began In the twelfth year of the emperor's reign (592 AD), it was transferred back to Fujian.

In 607, the third year of the Sui Dynasty's great cause, Chaozhou was deposed as Ngee'an County, attached to Yangzhou, and returned to Fujian again;

In 621, the Tang Dynasty restored Chaozhou;

In the third year of Zhenguan of the Tang Dynasty, in 629 AD, it was transferred back to Fujian again and was subordinate to the Fujian Observer of Jiangnan Province.

In the tenth year of Zhenguan of the Tang Dynasty, in 636 AD, it was changed to Lingnan Road.

In the second year of Jingyun, 711 AD, it was transferred back to Fujian again. Chaozhou was successively subordinated to Fuzhou Dudufu of Jiangnan Province,

Minzhou Dudufu and Fujian Economic Envoy. In 742, Chaozhou was renamed Chaoyang County;

In the tenth year of Kaiyuan, in 751 AD, the jurisdiction of Jiangnan Road was changed to Lingnan Road. In 758, it was renamed Chaozhou;

In 1121, Jieyang County was newly established in the third year of Xuanhe of the Song Dynasty;

In 1279, Chaozhou Road was established from the Yuan Dynasty to the 16th year of the Yuan Dynasty;

In 1369, Chaozhou Prefecture was established in the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty;

In 1477, in the 13th year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty, Raoping County was established;

In 1524, Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty Huilai County was established in the third year of the Ming Dynasty;

In 1526, Dabu County was established in the fifth year of the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty

In 1563, Chenghai County and Pu'an County were established in the 42nd year of the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty;

In 1575, Nan'ao Island began to be divided into Fujian and Guangdong. There was a deputy commander-in-chief of Nan'ao, that is, the "deputy commander-in-chief stationed in Nan'ao to assist Zhangchao and other departments", which was divided into two military camps: Guangdong and Fujian.

In the 24th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1685 AD), the Nan'ao General Army was established to take charge of the military affairs in southern Fujian, Taiwan, and eastern Guangdong. It was not until 1915 that the entire island of Nan'ao was assigned to Fujian

In 1576, the Ming Dynasty Nan'ao (town) was established in the fourth year of Wanli's reign;

In 1582, Pu'an County was changed to Puning County in the tenth year of Wanli's reign in the Ming Dynasty;

In 1738, Fengshun County was established in the third year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty;

In 1858, in the eighth year of the Xianfeng reign of the Qing Dynasty, Chaozhou was established as a treaty port. In the Tongzhi era, Shantou was renamed as a commercial port and placed under the jurisdiction of Chenghai County;

In 1912, in the first year of the Republic of China, the name of Nan'ao was changed to Nan'ao. County;

In 1914, in the third year of the Republic of China, Chaoxun Daoyin (stationed in Shantou) was established to command the eastern part of Fujian Province, and Haiyang was renamed Chao'an;

In 1921, in the tenth year of the Republic of China, Shantou was established City Hall, divided from Chenghai.

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After the founding of New China in October 1949, the original Shantou City Hall was reorganized and the Chaoshan District was established

In 1949, Dabu County was separated;

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In 1965, Fengshun County was placed under the Meizhou area of ??Guangdong;

On July 19, 1965, the 157th meeting of the State Council decided to divide 13 communes (towns) in the northwest from Jieyang County , Lufeng County divided two communes and established Jiexi County. It was named Jiexi because most of the county's land was the western part of the original Jieyang County, and it was under the jurisdiction of Shantou District.

In 1975, three brigades, Gongshan, Huxi and Sixiang, were delimited from Puning County and placed under the jurisdiction of Jiexi County. Jiexi County was under the jurisdiction of Shantou District.

In July 1983, prefectures and cities were merged and a city-led county system was established. Shantou has jurisdiction over eight counties including Chenghai, Nan'ao, Chaoyang, Jiexi, Puning, Jieyang, Raoping and Huilai and Chaozhou City ( county level).

On December 7, 1991, the State Council decided: Chaozhou City was upgraded to a prefecture-level city, the original Chaozhou City (county level) was divided into Xiangqiao District and Chao'an County, and Raoping County of Shantou City was placed under Chaozhou Under the jurisdiction of the city, Jiexi County of Shantou City was placed under the jurisdiction of Jieyang City. Part of the original Jieyang County was separated to build Jiedong County. Later, the county seat Rongcheng Town and surrounding towns were merged into Rongcheng District to establish prefecture-level Jieyang City, and the original Jieyang County was separated from it. 15 towns, Jiedong County was established. Jiedong County was named because most of the county's land is the eastern part of the original Jieyang County. The county seat is located in Quxi Subdistrict Office.

On January 29, 2003, with the approval of the State Council (Guohan [2003] No. 11), Chaoyang City was abolished and Chaoyang District and Chaonan District of Shantou City were respectively established.

On May 1, 2011, with the approval of the State Council, the scope of Shantou Special Economic Zone was expanded to cover the entire city.

On December 24, 2012, the State Council approved the removal of Jiedong County into a district and the establishment of Jiedong District. Chaoshan mainly speaks Chaozhou dialect (also known as Chaoshan dialect, Chaoyu), which can be divided into the following three accents according to the Sanjiang River Basin:

Lianjiang River Basin intonation: Chaoyang District, Chaonan District, Haojiang District, Huijiang District Lai County, southeast of Puning City

Hanjiang River Basin: Chao'an District, Raoping County, Xiangqiao District, Chenghai District, Jinping District, Longhu District, Liuhuang Town of Fengshun County, and northern Airport District Some areas

Rongjiang River Basin tone: Jiedong District, Jiexi County, Rongcheng District, northern Chaoyang District, northern and northeastern Puning City, Tangnan Town and Tangkeng Town of Fengshun County

In addition, the Hakka dialects in Puning, Jiexi, Raoping, Fengshun and other places are generally called "Banshan Hakka (Chaoshan Hakka)", but they are not Chaozhou dialects

Pleasant scenery

Chaoshan area has beautiful scenery and rich tourism resources. Like the high and refreshing Phoenix Mountain, the towering majesty of Dabei Mountain, the hot springs of Sangpu Mountain, the secluded caves of Danan Mountain, the surging Han River, and the beauty of plum trees, the mountains and rivers are really beautiful and charming. It is truly a good place for tourism and recuperation, and there are many more. historical sites and cultural landscapes.

Shantou City Scenic Area Shantou City mainly includes Zhongshan Park, which is famous for its rockery pavilions and scenic gardens, Queshi Mountain with its beautiful caves and pleasant scenery, and Dahao Qingyun with its green peaks and twists and turns. Rocks, Mayu Island, which is suitable for seaside swimming and sun-watching, and some revolutionary memorial sites, as well as the newly built Longhu Paradise, Xinjin River Seaside Resort and East Lake Amusement Park and other tourist attractions.

Chaoyang District has Lingshan Temple founded by Monk Dadian, the granite landscapes of Dongyan, Xiyan and Xiaobeiyan, Wenguang Pagoda overlooking the panoramic view of Miancheng, and the famous Haimen Lotus Peak. Thousands of cliff stone carvings record the tragic deeds of national hero Wen Tianxiang.

Nana'ao Xiongzhen Pass and Lieyu Cannon City record the achievements of coastal defense and appreciate the sea scenery.

Chaozhou City Scenic Area Chaozhou has the renovated Kaiyuan Temple, a famous Buddhist temple, the Hanwengong Temple in memory of the Tang Dynasty politician and writer Han Yu, and the Phoenix Tower and Phoenix Terrace, which are suitable for enjoying the scenery along the river. The treasure house of calligraphy and historical testimony include the West Lake cliff carvings, the revolutionary site Hanbi Tower, the peaks and hot springs of Sangpu Mountain, Meilin Lake and the winding and tall Phoenix Mountain. There is also Guangji Bridge, one of the four ancient bridges in China, also known as Xiangzi Bridge.

The scenic spots in Jieyang City include Jinxian Gate, Huangqi Mountain, Guandi Temple, Guizhu Garden, Stone Water Tank, Longzhu Horse Temple, Hanyuan Pagoda, Longtan Waterfall, Shiduxi Ice Mortar Group, and Ocean. Yunjing, Chenghuang Temple, Shuangfeng Temple.

During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Puning City formed Kungang Songyun, Tiezhang Lanfen, Linghui Ganquan, Qianhu Fishing Boat, Peifeng Pagoda, Hong Temple Youtan, Nanyan Yuanwang, Yunshi Qiaoman These scenic spots are all around the area formerly known as Hongyang. Among the eight scenic spots, only Peifeng Pagoda, Nanyan and Yunshi Rock still exist. Peifeng Pagoda is located in the west of Wuli Village, Hongyang Town, commonly known as Wuli Pagoda. Built in the seventh year of Qianlong's reign (1742), it has a seven-story octagonal plan and a tower height of 36 meters. It is a masonry frame shell-ash triple earth structure. There are 120 inward turning stone steps in the tower, making the building very distinctive. The famous ancient temples and temples such as Panlong Pavilion, Xilin Ancient Temple, Qixing Cave Sky, Masi Rock, Yunshi Rock, Baishui Rock, Yulong Rock, Zhanggang Rock, Yuantong Temple, etc. all have beautiful mountains and clear waters and towering ancient trees. Hongyang (Puning Ancient City) occupies an area of Covering an area of ??40,000 square meters, it is the first national-level historical and cultural town in eastern Guangdong recognized by the Ministry of Urban and Rural Housing and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage. The destination is Wenchang Pavilion, as well as De'anli, a rare mansion-style giant building complex in the country. The Admiral's Mansion is a well-preserved extra-large Qing Dynasty building complex, and other buildings that exude a quaint and solemn ancient city atmosphere.

In Huilai Shenquan Port, a mirage spectacle appears every few years on the nearby sea, which is the only one in Lingnan. The cape sweet spring there is particularly unique. Jieyang Academy, historically an imperial examination room, has become a revolutionary memorial site in this century. After the Eastern Expedition and the Nanchang Uprising, revolutionary predecessors such as Zhou Enlai, He Long and Ye Ting all worked there. There are many revolutionary slogans and other relics left in the revolutionary holy places of Dananshan and Dabeishan. Hongyang is the place where national hero Lin Zexu died.

Chaoshan is a rich and beautiful place with a superior location, rich resources, pleasant scenery and prosperous humanities. It is truly the pearl of Lingnan.