Which city in Italy was buried alive by a volcano?

Pompeii (Latin: POMPEII), or Pompeii, is an ancient city with a long history in the Campania region in the southwest corner of the Apennine Peninsula, about 240 kilometers northwest of Rome and located near Naples in southern Italy. , 10 kilometers southwest of Mount Vesuvius. About 20 kilometers west of the beautiful Bay of Naples, it is a summer resort with mountains on its back and the sea. It was built in the 6th century BC and was destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. However, due to being buried by volcanic ash, the street houses are relatively intact. Archaeological excavations have continued since 1748, providing important information for understanding the social life, culture and art of ancient Rome.

1. Introduction to the ancient city

Pompei (Pompeii) was the second most prosperous and wealthy city in ancient Rome. (Now an ancient building in Italy) Pompeii was built on a hill on the banks of the Sano River in Italy around 600 BC. This place had become a good harbor for the Greeks and Phoenicians. The local Greeks were very powerful at that time. The Samnites occupied Pompeii and nearby areas in the 5th century BC. The architecture of Pompeii was heavily influenced by the Samnites. The Samnites also expanded the city. In 89 BC, the army of Sulla, the Roman ruler, surrounded Pompeii. In 80 BC, Rome occupied Pompeii, and Pompeii became a Roman colony. Because Pompeii was a good seaport and located near the Appian Way, a major transportation artery, it quickly became a prosperous commercial city. In 63 AD, a violent earthquake caused great damage to Pompeii, but Pompeii was quickly rebuilt. In 1979, a week after experiencing several earthquakes and other signs of volcanic activity, Mount Vesuvius erupted and buried Pompeii alive under volcanic ash overnight.

2. Ancient city planning

The ancient Roman city of Pompeii was built around the 7th century BC and is 10 kilometers away from Mount Vesuvius. On August 24, 79 AD, Mount Vesuvius erupted and Pompeii was annihilated. After sleeping underground for more than a thousand years, Pompeii was finally discovered. The unearthed Pompeii is 1,200 meters long from east to west and 700 meters wide from north to south. The city covers an area of ??1.8 square kilometers and has seven gates. The four streets in the city crisscross each other in the shape of a "well". The main street is 7 meters wide, paved with stone slabs, and has drainage ditches along the street. The most magnificent buildings in the city are concentrated around a rectangular public square in the southwest. There are temples, public markets, municipal center hall and other buildings around the square. This is the political and economic center of Pompeii. and religious center. To the southeast of the square is the seat of the Pompeii government, and to the northeast of the square is the bustling market. In addition, there are public baths, gymnasiums and two large and small theaters in the city. To the east of the market, there is an amphitheater that can accommodate more than 10,000 spectators.

3. Architectural features

The ancient city of Pompeii was slightly rectangular, surrounded by city walls, with gates on all sides. The streets in the city crisscrossed the city, and the neighborhoods were laid out like a chessboard. According to records, Pompeii was built by the Oskans tribe. It was already a densely populated small city with a large number of business travelers. In 89 BC, Pompeii was occupied by the Romans and became a dependent territory of the Roman Republic. Until AD 79. This place has become a paradise for the rich. Nobles and wealthy businessmen have come here to build luxurious villas and have fun. With a population of more than 25,000, Pompeii became a well-known city of wine and sex. Important buildings surround the Municipal Square, including the Temple of Jupiter, the Temple of Apollo, the Great Hall, baths, shopping malls, etc., as well as theaters, gymnasiums, Colosseums, aqueducts and other necessary facilities for Roman municipal buildings. There are many workshops and shops, all set up in neighborhoods according to industry, as well as a large number of residential buildings. It constitutes an important object for the study of Roman civil architecture. Wealthy homes generally have gardens, and the main house has living rooms arranged around a central patio. There are classical colonnades and marble statues in the garden, and there are many murals in the halls and corridors (see Pompeii murals), which are important remains of classical murals. These murals are of a high level, and after their discovery, they had a great influence on European neoclassical art.

4. Disappeared overnight

As early as the 8th century BC, Pompeii, a small fishing village relying on a natural harbor in the Mediterranean, gradually developed into a city.

Hundreds of years later, it gathered merchants and became the second largest city after ancient Rome in Italy. It is 300 kilometers away from Rome in the north, the famous Sicily in the west, and Greece and North Africa in the south. Pompeii's magical Temple of the Sun, huge Colosseum, magnificent theater, efficacious wizard's hall, novel steam baths and numerous shops and entertainment venues attracted countless wealthy businessmen and nobles from the Mediterranean city-states. In addition, the Vesuvius volcano in the north of the city has brought strange magma soil, volcanic rocks and geothermal hot springs due to multiple eruptions over hundreds of millions of years. It made Pompeii famous far and wide: the large area of ??fertile magma soil with a slightly burnt smell made the grapes produced in Pompeii have sweet juice and excellent wine making, which became the top grade purchased by nobles from all over the world; the geothermal heat that never ceases day and night spa. Not only is it tempting to bathe, but it also attracts many nobles and wealthy businessmen to come to Pompeii to build gardens, build villas, and develop entertainment venues in succession. Pompeii soon became a prosperous place of smoke and willows. Especially the volcanic stone, which is black and bright red, has magical effects on relieving pain, calming the nerves and stopping bleeding, and everyone is rushing to own it. However, who could have expected that the volcano next to Pompeii would suddenly wake up one day, open its bloody mouth and swallow the famous Pompeii city in an instant!

The ancient city of Pompeii, Mount Vesuvius, is 1,277 meters above sea level. According to geologists’ research, it is a typical active volcano. It has been erupting for thousands of years. Pompeii is the building that maintained it in ancient times. It is based on lava that hardened after an eruption of Mount Suvais. However, before the beginning of the Christian era, the famous geographer Strabo concluded that Mount Vesuvius was an extinct volcano based on its topographic features. People at that time fully believed his argument and did not care about the volcano. Green crops were planted on both sides of the volcano, and the plains were dotted with lemon and orange groves, as well as other orchards and vineyards. They never expected that this "extinct volcano" was brewing a devastating disaster. Catastrophe. On February 8, 62 AD, a strong earthquake hit the area, causing the collapse of many buildings. Many of the destroyed buildings seen in Pompeii today were caused by that earthquake. After the earthquake, the Pompeii people rebuilt the city and pursued luxury and luxury. However, before Pompeii had time to recover from the earthquake, on August 24, 79 AD, Mount Vesuvius suddenly erupted.

In an instant, thick black smoke, mixed with hot volcanic ash, fell overwhelmingly onto the city, and the air was filled with the suffocating smell of sulfur. Soon, volcanic ash about 5.6 meters thick wiped Pompeii from the earth without mercy.

It was the first Sunday in August 79 AD. The wife of a great wine merchant in ancient Rome was praying when she suddenly felt severe pain in her chest and coughed up blood. Her daughter Sophia was so anxious that she cried. At this time, Carlo, his unmarried son-in-law, came after hearing the news. He volunteered to ride a fast horse to his hometown in Pompeii to get the hemostatic stone. The journey from Rome to Pompeii is more than 300 kilometers, with dense trees, rugged mountain roads, infested by bandits, and full of dangers. This makes the passionate Sophia have a dilemma. Carlo understood his fiancee Sofia's worries. He said: "I have been riding for more than ten years, and I am a strong warrior. I am familiar with the road. I will be back in two days and nights!" Before Sofia could agree to the promise, Carlo, dressed in military uniform, He left with a few assistants!

Pompei’s mother has been coughing up blood for two days, and Sofia has been awake for two nights. She has been thinking about Carlo’s return journey. From the second day onwards, she kept leaning against the door and looking into the distance, expecting the familiar sound of horse hooves to ring in her ears, but for some reason her fiancé still did not appear in front of her until the fourth, fifth, and sixth days. It wasn't until after Christmas that she faintly heard a piece of bad news: One night in August, Mount Vesuvius opened its mouth of fire and erupted into the sky with blood-red magma, turning hundreds of miles around into a sea of ??fire!...

The thousand-year-old city of Pompeii disappeared overnight! It took a long time for the volcano to cool down after the eruption. After the catastrophe, the Italians discovered that the hundreds of thousands of hectares of forest farms and pastures they were so familiar with in the past, as well as the prosperous Pompeii city bordering the forest lands, were gone. In front of them, there were only long scorched earth strips like rivers left after the cooling of volcanic magma, surrounded by a Deadly silence, so disturbingly silent!

Calculating the time when the disaster occurred, it was the night when Carlo rushed to Pompeii to get the hemostatic stone.

The fiancé never returned, and from then on the folk song "Heartbroken Sophia" rang out all over the Mediterranean...

5. Digging out the ancient city

As time goes by, the ancient city of Pompeii Pompeii gradually faded out of the world. Later, immigrants who came south from Rome and north from Greece and Sicily discovered that the foothills of the volcano were already covered with dense forests. When people cut down the trees, the black soil was exposed, so people started to develop and plant grapes on it.

In the spring of 1748 AD, a farmer named Andre was digging deep into his vineyard. He raised his hoe and made a "clang" sound, as if he had dug a huge stone, but he could not pull out the hoe no matter how hard he tried. . He quickly called his brother and sister-in-law for help. Everyone dug through the soil and stones and found that a hoe had penetrated a metal cabinet. So everyone dug out the cabinet and opened it to see a large amount of molten or semi-melted gold and silver jewelry and ancient coins. As the news spread, the farmers who planted grapes on this land suddenly remembered the legend passed down from their ancestors about the disappearance of Pompeii, so treasure thieves swarmed in and later attracted a group of historians and archaeological experts to come here for archaeology. Later, based on the recommendations of experts, the Italian government began to organize scientists to conduct orderly excavations of Pompeii in 1876. After more than a hundred years of continuous work by seven or eight generations of experts and the diligent maintenance of thousands of staff, this thrilling scene of Pompeii has finally been truly reproduced in front of the world. Vanio, a historian who participated in the excavation of Pompeii, said: "What a horrifying sight it was! Many people died in their sleep, and some died in front of their homes. They raised their arms and opened their mouths to gasp for air; many people still had bread in their houses. On the oven, the dog is still tied to the chain by the door; the slaves still carry ropes; there are scrolls made of papyrus on the library shelves, and election slogans are posted on the walls, with love words scrawled on them..." These scenes fully demonstrate how tens of thousands of creatures in the ancient city at that time were suddenly torn apart from the chain of life! In Pompeii, when I saw the corpses of various forms of men, women, and children on display in sealed glass (most of them had become fossils) ), I felt a wave of fear. In the face of the eternal universe and nature, people must first respect nature, protect the ecology, and compete with nature. How insignificant and powerless people seem!

6. Volcanic engulfment

Sudden disaster

The ancient city of Pompeii disappeared in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius more than 1,000 years ago; Today, I saw a moment in history. The ancient city of Pompeii was built in the 8th century BC. In the middle of the 3rd century BC, the Romans incorporated Pompeii into their territory. Pompeii grew stronger with the growth of the Roman Empire. However, one day in August 79 AD, disaster struck Pompeii. The rolling lava from Mount Vesuvius flowed towards Pompeii, mercilessly burying the entire city. Pompeii was frozen at that moment.

Pompei, that ancient site located 23 kilometers southeast of Naples, Italy, was a once perfect but troubled city.

More than 1900 years ago, Pompeii was one of the most beautiful and prosperous cities in the world. The people living in it had solid tanks and democratic politics, and had no worries at home or abroad, and enjoyed their families. However, Pompeii's doom was determined by fate.

At 1 noon on August 24, 79 AD, the sun was blazing and it was extremely hot and muggy. Mount Vesuvius, which had been experiencing minor earthquakes for several days, could no longer hold back. A strange cloud rose from the top of the mountain, like a giant flat-topped pine branching out with countless branches, spreading toward the sky and blocking the sun. There was a loud, deafening sound, the crater was uncovered, magma spewed thousands of meters high, and steam clouds soared thousands of meters into the sky, covering the sky and the earth in darkness. Lightning-like flames occasionally illuminated the earth, and volcanic ash, pumice, and broken rocks poured down. Heavy rain fell. Thirty minutes after the eruption, a layer of light ash covered Pompeii, and the hot sulfur gas was unbearable. After 4 hours, the covering was heavy enough and the roofs of the houses collapsed.

The city disappeared

1000 years later, people rediscovered the ancient city of Pompeii and found that the environment at that time was presented without obstruction. It seemed that everything had returned to the past, and the scenery was still impressive. Gone, leaving behind an empty city for people to mourn.

On August 24, 79 AD, Pompeii, the most prosperous city in the ancient Roman Empire, disappeared 18 hours later due to the eruption of Mount Vesuvius.

Vesuvius is more than 1,280 meters above sea level. In AD 79, Pompeii, the most prosperous city of the ancient Roman Empire, was located to the south of this volcano. The Sarno River, which flows to the Bay of Naples, passes around Pompeii, connecting the ancient Roman Empire with trade around the world, making the shadow of merchants and the sound of transactions float in Pompeii all day long. The soil here is fertile, the climate is pleasant, and the products are abundant. Among the rows of grape trellises and olives, the Pompeii people cultivated grains, vegetables, figs and rosemary.

Until the moment of the disaster, the Pompeii people did not know that the fertile soil under their feet was actually a gift from the volcano not far away. The people of Pompeii didn't know yet that once this volcano, which had gathered strength for hundreds of years, erupted, everything they owned would be destroyed beyond recognition in an instant - the disaster of Pompeii had really come.

Rediscovered

In 1594, when people were building a drinking water canal on the Sarno River, they discovered a stone with the word "Pompeii" engraved on it; in 1707, people discovered it on Mount Vesuvius. When digging a well in a garden at its feet, three statues of women in rich clothing were unearthed. People thought that these were just cultural relics in ancient ruins along the Gulf of Naples. No one realized that an ancient city was now completely sealed in volcanic debris covering an area of ??nearly 65 hectares under their feet. In 1748, people excavated human remains wrapped in volcanic ash, and then realized that the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD had buried a city!

Archaeologists dug up volcanic debris layer by layer, and the city of Pompeii buried deep in the ground was "unearthed" - there were piles of fish scales in the corner of the market, and the Pompeii people always removed them first The fish are cleaned and then sold; and on the wall of the bar there is still written "Owner, you have to pay for your tricks. You sold us water to drink, but kept the good wine." A family's back garden is filled with There were oleanders, there was a pan on the stove in the kitchen, and there was a little human doll next to the eggs on the dining table. In 79 AD, a Pompeii man died under a mural painted with plant flowers and leaves. When people excavated his remains thousands of years later, they also found an inscription engraved on the mural: "Nothing can survive." "Eternal." - Although every volcanic eruption in the history of the earth has changed the landscape, the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD did make a city immortal - Pompeii could not escape the catastrophe of the volcano, but it was buried. Sealed in the volcanic ash that gradually cooled, solidified, and hardened, it finally escaped the erosion of thousands of years.

Hymn of Life

The sudden disaster brought Pompeii's life to an abrupt end, and it was also frozen forever at the moment of destruction. As a result, Pompeii has become the greatest ancient civilization site that can still be appreciated today. The most breathtaking thing about this site is that it truly retains the appearance of the Pompeii people before the disaster - the arena can accommodate 20,000 people. Audience, this shows that Pompeii people will be overwhelmed at one moment; 30 bakeries, more than 100 bars, 3 public baths, a pedestrian street for trading, a theater that can accommodate 5,000 people; and in the streets In the nearby tavern, the Bacchus painted on the wall is covered with grapes, and each fruit is so full that it seems about to burst. The walls of wool workshops, shops, printing and dyeing shops, and inns are full of signs of Pompeian indulgence: "Ah, Jess, may your pustule burst open again and hurt more than last time." "No doubt. , my beloved once had a tryst with her lover here.”—The unrestrained personality of Pompeii people and the joyful style of the whole city fascinated mankind more than 1,000 years later. The German poet Goethe said after seeing Pompeii: "Among the many disasters that have occurred in the world, there has never been any disaster like Pompeii, which has brought such great joy to future generations." And French historian Taylor After returning from Pompeii, Na sighed: "People at that time lived with their whole bodies."

"Enjoy life to the fullest, tomorrow is unpredictable." A silver drink unearthed from Pompeii The cup is engraved with these words. It is believed that the Pompeii people who carved these words did not know that death was imminent.

The silver cup was excavated in the room where the wine was stored, along with the remains of a woman lying next to the wine cup. This is Pompeii, which traveled through time and space for more than a thousand years at the cost of instantaneous painful destruction. It is telling the world why it is necessary to enjoy the joy of life to the fullest.

7. Marvel at the ruins

The current situation of the ancient city

Today’s Pompeii has been designated as a world cultural and natural heritage by UNESCO. Tourists call it It is a "natural history museum" that attracts tens of thousands of tourists from all over the world to visit here every day. Walking through the streets and alleys of the ruins of the ancient city, entering and exiting half-ruined houses, villas, trading markets, shops, bakeries, hot spring bathhouses, warehouses, theaters, the Colosseum, and sports venues, my heart is ups and downs and my imagination is wandering.

Although only one third of Pompeii is open to tourists, the rest is still buried underground. But from the 1.8 square kilometers of land, we can see dozens of streets and alleys paved with white and blue boulders. The streets and alleys are square and neat, the small ones are about two meters wide, and the large ones are four or five meters wide, just like Chang'an City in the Tang Dynasty of China. Every sidewalk here is one to twenty centimeters higher than the road. Upon closer inspection, it turns out that the ancient Roman carriages were very developed, leaving deep ruts on the pavement in the middle, which were worn down an inch or two. It seems that at that time, the large carriages of warriors and nobles were always speeding in the middle of the road, while the slaves and humble citizens with bowed eyebrows could only walk on both sides. Unexpectedly, at all intersections, like today's zebra crossings, there are raised "vehicle barriers" about 30 cm high at each intersection. When a speeding carriage approaches the intersection, you will see "separators". "Car rocks", the speed naturally slows down, and the vehicle can only drive slowly through the gaps between the huge rocks. So I suddenly had a sudden thought: The zebra crossings on the road today were invented by the ancient Romans, right?

At many street intersections and intersections, you can also see large stone troughs carved with reliefs. The reliefs on the stone trough are either divine faces, animal heads, or fish mouths, with bronze pipes connected behind them and twisting faucets. As soon as it swirls, a gurgling mountain spring flows out for pedestrians to drink or wash. Nowadays, many developed countries have taps for drinking directly at stations, docks, airports, parks, sports fields and streets and alleys. At this time, I wonder: Is this kind of installation in many big cities today the same as that of the ancient times more than 2,000 years ago? What did Pompeii inspire them?

In addition to the various murals and exquisite mosaics left in the houses, shops, and villas of Pompeii, the strangely shaped pottery and glassware make people intoxicated and imaginative. In addition, the author was surprised by the marble amphitheater with 5,000 seats, the Colosseum with 3,000 seats and the large stadium with 40,000 seats. I felt a sense of admiration: the ancient Romans Humanistic qualities and social development vision are still admirable even today, 2000 years ago...

Among them, what is the reason why today, more than 2,000 years later, the red color of the walls of Pompeii is still the same? Being able to maintain brilliant colors has been a question for scientists for a long time.

Today, when I see it again, the shining red in the mural is still deeply moving. Some of them are still intact on the walls, leaving a splendid mystery.

8. Wonderful ruins

Reappearance of the ancient city

Pompei was discovered entirely by accident. In the 17th century AD, an architect was building a canal near Mount Vesuvius and accidentally discovered a stone carving buried underground. It was later confirmed that this stone carving was a relic left by Pompeii. In 1750, the excavation plan of Pompeii was officially implemented. Today, the Pompeii that people see is no longer the living Pompeii with a booming economy and people coming and going. It has become a real specimen in history, ranging from temple buildings to a corner of the city. The carbonized cookies that are not yet cooked... what they give people is a rich, vivid and profound economic history, cultural history and art history.

Municipal Construction

The municipal construction of Pompeii is a perfect embodiment of Roman engineering and Roman lifestyle. Pompeii Square, the broadest place in the city, was the most popular place two thousand years ago and the place that best reflected the social conditions, public opinions, customs and customs of Pompeii.

The streets in the city are densely packed. Harvest Street, Lucky Street, and Archon Street all radiate out from the main avenues in a network shape, which is very similar to the street layout in Greece. There are many raised stone steps on the street. When it rains, water accumulates on the ground. People can walk on the raised stones and the soles of their feet will not get wet. Pompeii's water conservancy system is very complete, with aqueducts extending in all directions. Spring water brought from the mountains is provided for citizens to drink, and fountains on the streets also provide water sources, as well as wells and cisterns.

Central Great Hall

When Pompeii was destroyed, the city had a population of only 20,000. However, the General Assembly Hall located in the city center is a large public building that can accommodate thousands of people. There are 5 entrances to the front of the auditorium. The auditorium has an open-air vestibule and a two-story three-dimensional hall (main hall and side halls on both sides) supported by 32 large pillars. A higher platform in the depth of the hall is the tribunal. There are two entrances and wooden ladders that can be walked up directly from both sides of the hall. The City Hall occupies an important position in the political and economic life of the city. People hold large-scale administrative rallies here, conduct public legal trials, issue decrees and instructions, and some important legal and economic issues in the city are also resolved here. There are many Greek-style decorative paintings on the walls of the synagogue. What is most valuable for research are the various inscriptions engraved on the walls, which include satirical content, humorous language, political opinions, and erotic expressions, reflecting the open and active communication state of the Pompeii people at that time.

God buildings

In the minds of Pompeii people, gods are everywhere, and they built a large number of temple buildings in the city. The Temple of Apollo is the most extensive building in the city. Pompeii people believed that Apollo was not only in charge of light, youth, medicine, animal husbandry, music, and poetry, but also represented the Lord God in calling oracles to predict the future. Although the temple has been destroyed, its 48 temple pillars and magnificent steps can still make people feel the glory of the past. Venus, the mother of Aeneas, the legendary ancestor of the Romans, also occupies a high position in the hearts of the Pompeii people, so the scale of the Temple of Love is not small. After entering civilized society from the primitive state, the only thing that could maintain the spiritual power of the Roman "state" was the myth of the ancestors and the demigod worship of the "contemporary" emperor. As a result, the temple of the Duke of Pompeii (Penatus), the temple of Jupiter, the main god of Rome, and the temple commemorating the emperor were also larger in scale.

Pompei Market

A food market was built in Pompeii in the 2nd century BC, and the remains of when goods were sold can still be seen. There is a grain market under construction in the city. It was swallowed up by volcanic lava before it was completed. There are many large clay pots, stone mills, etc. piled inside. The Omazia Building, located on the east side of the city center, is a large comprehensive market. There are two large opposite walls at the height of the outer chamber, which are the auction markets, set up for auction hosts and bidders, while the inner chamber is a large laundry room. In addition, it is also a wool trading market. Walking in the empty public market, you can imagine the bustling commodity trading scene here.

Gorgeous Baths

There are three public baths in Pompeii, and the Stabia Baths are the oldest of them. This bathhouse is quite quaint. It was built in the 2nd century BC. It has a dressing room, a lukewarm bath, a swimming pool, etc. It is the best preserved of the three bathhouses that have been unearthed in Pompeii. There are columns in the bathroom corridor, the sculptures on the interior walls are very detailed, and even the marble tub in the bathroom is priceless. The floor with a double-layer design structure allows the steam coming out from below to maintain the temperature in the bath. It is said that most of the people who came and went here were politicians and some important figures in the city.

Prostitution culture

Pompei, like other Roman cities, had a prevalent prostitution culture. There are 25 brothels in the small city of Pompeii. The most formal brothel is located in a relatively dense middle- and lower-class residential area east of the city center. In the brothel, there are 10 rooms upstairs and downstairs. There is a portrait of Priapus, the god of obscenity, at the door to illustrate the function of this place. There are sex murals with different contents painted on the door of each room, and the interior walls are full of various pictures and texts left by customers.

Amphitheater

There are many theaters in Pompeii, which are large amphitheaters like those in Rome. The amphitheater used for gladiators was built 51 years earlier than the famous Roman Coliseum. The main performances here include gladiatorial fights between humans and humans, humans and animals, and sometimes sporting events are also held. The wall outside the amphitheater is more than 2 meters high. There are many murals of hunting and competition painted on the wall, reflecting the living conditions of people at that time. There are also two other theaters in the city, one large and one small, mostly used for drama and music performances.

Human Fossils

Human Statues The Pompeii Museum of Antiquities houses a special type of collection, which are human statues made by archaeologists based on the unearthed human hard shells. At the moment of the volcanic eruption, countless victims were killed by volcanic pumice, poisonous gas, and volcanic ash. The volcanic ash enveloped their bodies and solidified their final postures, recording all the details of the Pompeii people before they died. Most of these people died with their property, and some of the victims held idols in their hands, which shows that they did not forget to seek help from the gods in times of crisis. Although these people have passed away nearly 2,000 years ago, they can still give everyone who comes here a great shock. In fact, these "human fossils" are not fossils, and there are no remains left at that time! Due to the temperature and chemical properties of volcanic ash and other eruptions, it was difficult to preserve dead bodies. At that time, many bodies of the deceased were wrapped in volcanic ash. After a long time, the bodies decomposed, but the volcanic ash left a very hard empty shell. They used One method was to pour plaster, so that it would be easy to replicate the statue of the deceased. This practice started in 1860. In 1991, nine more corpses were cloned using the same method, allowing us to learn more about the pain people endured at the last moment of the disaster and the tragedy at that time.

Repairing fossils

On May 20, 2015, archaeologists and scientists restored the fossils of Pompeii residents who were buried under volcanic ash thousands of years ago. In AD 79, Mount Vesuvius in Italy erupted, and the ancient Roman city of Pompeii was buried in volcanic ash. It has been more than 1,900 years since then, and the remains of the residents have become fossils. Restoration workers used plaster technology to preserve the remains of the 86 victims moments before they were buried.

Port

The port of Pompeii was also discovered in 2002. Scientists discovered that people lived there too, living on canals similar to today's Venice. Research here is ongoing.