The main leaders of the May 30th Movement.

1.925 After the Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of China in June, the anti-imperialist movement of the working class developed rapidly, and the May 30th Movement was launched under this background. The May 30th Movement was actually an anti-imperialist revolutionary movement of the people of China, with the working class as the main force, under the direct leadership of the China Production Party. Mainly Li, Cai Hesen and three leaders.

Li (one of the cave guides of the May 30th Movement)

Li (1899- 1967) was originally named Li Longzhi,1899165438+10/8, a native of Yangsanshi, Liling County, Hunan Province. 1925 65438+ 10, the fourth national congress of China producers' party was held at No.8, Lane 28, Lane 254, Baoxing East Road, Zhabei. Li attended the meeting and was elected as a member of the Central Committee. At the beginning of February, a Japanese supervisor brutally beat female workers in China and fired more than 50 male workers in the roving workshop, which aroused strong dissatisfaction among the workers and called for a protest strike. Knowing this situation, Li went to the eighth cotton mill to investigate. Through extensive contact with workers, I learned a lot of evidence that Japanese supervisors brutally persecuted workers, and made a detailed report to the Haitian and district executive committees. According to Li's report, local and district committees in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Shanghai decided to transfer,, from Shanghai University to Tanziwan in Zhabei, organize a strike committee headed by Li, and lead the workers to strike. Li resolutely carried out the party's instructions and called a strike mobilization meeting. He shouted, "Our workers in China have been oppressed and abused by Japanese bosses. Now, the only way to change this situation is to strike. When we go on strike, we must fight to the death with the Japanese boss. As long as we unite as one and persist in the struggle, we will certainly make Japanese bosses succumb to our workers. "

After Li's mobilization, everyone was very excited and high-spirited. They unanimously passed the strike resolution and elected Li as the chairman of the strike committee. On February 1925 and 10, the strike committee held a workers' mass meeting in Tanziwan, Zhabei. Li wore a blue dress and made an exciting speech. He talked about the deep sufferings of workers and exposed the crimes of Japanese imperialism. His speech aroused great indignation among the workers. The workers shouted: "Stop the factory immediately" and "Strike to the end!" "Don't go back to work if you don't win!" Li added, "Isn't the lesson of Anyuan Workers' Club in our evening school textbook? Anyuan workers went on strike, and according to the struggle strategy of "mourning", the slogan of "being a man now" was put forward. The slogans shouted by everyone expressed our desire and determination to fight. But we should add:' Oppose Japanese beating people! This slogan is not only practical, but also reflects the urgent demands of our workers. More importantly, we can glow our national pride by shouting this slogan and win the sympathy and support of people from all walks of life. Workers, do you agree with this slogan? "The whole venue suddenly burst into warm applause and cheers. Under the leadership of Li and others, the strike wave of workers in western Shanghai swept through the 1 1 cotton mill. 1925 February 18, nearly 40,000 workers from 22 factories in the city joined the general strike. The general strike in February lasted for more than 10 days. The Japanese boss is still insincere and refuses to accept the conditions for workers to return to work. In order to encourage workers to struggle in Qi Xin and win the strike, Li held the second workers' mass meeting in Tanziwan, Zhabei, calling on workers to unite and never give up until victory. Under the leadership of the party, the general strike lasted for more than 20 days. The Japanese boss had to ask Chinese businessmen to mediate and finally signed an agreement to return to work. The Japanese side recognized the trade union and promised not to work and released the arrested workers. On March 9, the strike ended successfully.

Cai Hesen (one of the leaders of the May 30th Movement)

Cai Hesen, born in Yongfeng Town, Xiangxiang County (now Shuangfeng County), Hunan Province, 1895, 19 13, was admitted to the First Normal School of Hunan Province, 1920, and went to France to work and study. In mid-February, he came to Shanghai via Hong Kong and met Chen Duxiu. He reported his understanding of the Party and his determination to participate in Chain Source and the Canadian Revolution. In the same month, Chen Duxiu approved him to join China Producers' Party. After Cai Hesen joined the Party, he stayed in the CPC Central Committee and engaged in revolutionary activities in Zhabei for a long time.

1On the evening of May 28th, 925, the Central Committee of the Fourth Party Congress held an emergency meeting on the second floor of an old building in Li Baoxing, Baoxing Road, Zhabei. Chen Duxiu, Cai Hesen, Li, Yunhe, and others, members of the Standing Committee of Shanghai Municipal Committee, attended the meeting. At the meeting, Cai Hesen comprehensively analyzed the current situation of the Shanghai workers' movement, and put forward: "Now we must combine the workers' economic struggle with the booming anti-imperialist struggle, so that the workers' struggle shows obvious anti-imperialist nature, in order to win the assistance of all anti-imperialist forces. At the same time, it enables workers to join the general anti-imperialist front and become the backbone of this front. " He also put forward the idea of organizing anti-imperialist demonstrations in the concession on May 30th. However, these ideas were accused by General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Chen Duxiu as "vague and unrealistic" and said: "If three or five hundred people take part in the demonstration, it will be regarded as our success." Cai Hesen retorted: "This is the view that people are suffering from myopia" and "the mood of the masses has not been estimated. If we estimate these aspects, our goal is by no means to mobilize 300 to 500 people, but to mobilize 300 to 50 thousand people. " Finally, the meeting accepted Cai Hesen's suggestion and decided to turn the workers' economic struggle into a political struggle against imperialism. On May 30th, an anti-imperialist demonstration was held in the Shanghai Concession to protest against the bloody crime of imperialism killing the people of China, the arrest, detention and trial of patriotic students by imperialism, and the so-called "four propositions" put forward by the imperialist concession authorities. After the meeting, Cai Hesen hosted a meeting of leaders of organizations and representatives of staff and students in Shanghai to convey and implement the resolutions of the CPC Central Committee. Expose the crime of imperialist aggression against China, mobilize people's organizations to mobilize workers, students and people from all walks of life to hold anti-imperialist demonstrations in the concession on May 30.

On the afternoon of May 30th, 1925, Cai Hesen took the crowd to Nanjing Road to give a speech and distribute leaflets. In his speech, he said, "Imperialism is not guilty of shooting China worker Gu Zhenghong? Workers and students in China are guilty of supporting victims on their own land? What kind of world is it to be arrested and sentenced by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology? Which country's laws? Can we China people tolerate imperialism being so cruel? " Cai Hesen's speech received enthusiastic response from the citizens, and the broad masses chanted slogans such as "Down with imperialism" and "Retreat the Concession". Around 4: 00 pm, the concession patrolled around Zhejiang Road, arresting and beating students. Angry people gathered in front of the old Nanjing Road and insisted on the release of the arrested students. The leader of the British patrol ordered the shooting, 13 people were killed on the spot, and countless people were injured, which caused the "May 30th" tragedy that shocked China and foreign countries.

On the second night after the tragedy, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an emergency meeting in Zhabei attended by Chen Duxiu, Cai Hesen, Li and Heyun. At the meeting, Cai Hesen put forward the strategy of calling for workers' strike, businessmen's strike and students' strike in Shanghai, and opposing imperialism's massacre of China people. He said: "There is no problem with the general strike and it can be implemented step by step. Now we must use all our strength to promote the realization of the general strike and create an anti-imperialist movement jointly organized by Shanghai citizens. " The meeting accepted Cai Hesen's suggestion. And decided to set up the Party's Action Committee with Cai Hesen, Li and Zhai Qiubai as participants to directly lead the political struggle in Shanghai. 1925 on may 3 1 day, the party organized another big demonstration in the concession. That night, the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions was formally established and issued a circular 1, announcing the implementation of the city's general strike on June 1925.

Under the guidance of the Party, in June 1, 200,000 workers, students and businessmen went on strike in Shanghai, forming the climax of the "three strikes". That night, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held another meeting. At the meeting, Cai Hesen analyzed the revolutionary situation and further put forward a new strategic proposition: "A business association should be established in Shanghai immediately to become the general public command organization of this anti-imperialist movement in order to consolidate and develop this movement and carry out a long-term struggle; At the same time, we must immediately expand the movement to the whole country. "

On June 4th, 1925, Shanghai Business Federation was established in Zhabei. On June 5th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China published the book "Tell the people of the whole country against the brutal massacre of imperialism" drafted by Cai Hesen. It is pointed out that the "May 30th" Shanghai Incident is "completely political" and that "the solution lies not in law but in politics, so the main purpose is to abolish all unequal treaties and overthrow all the privileges of imperialism in China". And pointed out: "We must continue to rely on the strength of the people throughout the country, and we must never rely on and trust the government's negotiations to stop the people's resistance." We can't "transfer the murder crime to the patrolman they hired", and the serious enemy is "transferring people". Call on the oppressed people of the whole country to rise up against this bloody massacre. Soon, the May 30th Movement flourished in major cities all over the country, which dealt a heavy blow to imperialism.

Cai Hesen's strategic proposition in the May 30th Movement vividly demonstrated his foresight and ability to lead the mass struggle.

1925 in September, Cai Hesen attended the second enlarged meeting of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Beijing. On June+10, 5438, according to the instructions of the Party, Cai Hesen, Li and Xiang Jingyu left Shanghai for Moscow. From then on, Cai Hesen left Shanghai.

Liu Shaoqi (one of the leaders of the May 30th Movement)

1925 In May, Liu Shaoqi, vice chairman of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, was appointed by the Party and the All-China Federation of Trade Unions to come to Shanghai from Guangzhou and set up the Shanghai office of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions. After arriving in Shanghai, the Central Committee of China sent to Qingdao to lead the Japanese cotton mill workers to go on strike.

On May 1925 and 15, a bloody case occurred in Huxi (now Putuo District) where Japanese capitalists shot and killed the leader of the striking workers, party member 1925 Gu Zhenghong, and 10 workers were injured. This incident became the fuse of the May 30th Movement. /kloc-from the evening of 0/5 to the evening of 0/9, the local and district executive committees of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Shanghai held several meetings in Zhabei Li Baoxing (now Baoyuanli and Tongyuanli), analyzed the political situation, and decided to set up the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions to mobilize the people of Shanghai to carry out anti-Japanese movements. At the same time, Liu Shaoqi was ordered to return to Shanghai immediately to participate in the strike struggle of Shanghai workers.

1925 On May 30th, more than 2,000 students and workers in Shanghai responded to the call of China's * * * production party and went to Shanghai Central Concession for anti-imperialist propaganda and demonstration. In the face of the students and workers, the British police patrol in the concession took the world by storm and shot in front of the police patrol room at the old gate of Nanjing Road for bloody suppression, resulting in 13 students and workers killed, dozens injured and 100 people arrested, which caused the May 30th Massacre that shocked China and foreign countries. That night, the local and district executive committees of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Shanghai made a decision in Zhabei: expand the scope of the struggle to people of all walks of life, form an anti-imperialist United front, launch a general strike of workers, students and businessmen in Shanghai (hereinafter referred to as the "three strikes"), and unite to attack imperialism. On the evening of May 5th, the Shanghai Workers' Congress was held in Guangdong Hall of Xiangshan Club, No.46 Qiujiang Road, Zhabei, announcing the establishment of Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions (hereinafter referred to as Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions). After the election, Li served as the general chairman, vice chairman and general manager (equivalent to the secretary-general), and organized and led the general strike of workers in the city.

The Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions was born in the anti-imperialist storm, and the Shanghai working class has its own organizational center and command organ since then. Liu Shaoqi is one of the core personnel of Shanghai General Administration.