The original text and translation of Qin Zhuan in Senior Two.

According to solid belief, Qin Xiaogong holds the land of Yongzhou, and the monarch and his subjects stick to it, so that he can get a glimpse of the Zhou family, which has swept the world, embraced the world and swallowed up the heart of the Eight Wastes. When the time comes, Shang Jun should help it, legislate internally, cultivate and maintain the tools of war; Against the prince outside the company. So the Qin people surrendered and took the Xijiang River.

Without filial piety, Huiwen, Wuwu and Zhao Xiang inherited their careers. Because of its legacy, Hanzhong in the south, Ba and Shu in the west, fertile land in the east and key counties in the north. Feared, the vassal states sought to weaken the State of Qin through alliance, and did not cherish the precious and fertile land, so that the people of the world could join hands and become one. At this time, there are Meng Chang, Zhao Pingyuan, Chu Chunshen and Wei Xinling. These four monarchs are wise and faithful, generous and caring, and respect the virtuous and value the virtuous. They are all from Tianping, belonging to Korea, Wei, Yan, Chu, Qi, Zhao, Song, Wei and Zhongshan. So the people of the six countries, including Ning Yue, Xu Shang, Su Qin and Du He, worked for it, while Qi Ming, Zhou Zui, Chen Yi, Zhao Liu, Lou Man, Zhai Jing, Su Li and Le Yi worked for it, while Wuqi, Sun Bin, Dai Tuo, Ni Liang, Liao Wang, Tian Ji, Lian Po and Zhao She worked for it. Taste ten times the land, millions of people, knock on the customs and attack Qin. Qin people used to delay the enemy, the division of the nine countries, but they were slow to advance. Wu Qin's death cost him money, but the ruler of the world has been trapped. So he was defeated from the loose contract and bribed Qin to cede territory. Qin spared no effort to control its disadvantages, chasing after death and driving north, burying millions of bodies and bleeding profusely. Take advantage of the trend, slaughter the world, XX mountains and rivers. Strong countries please submit, weak countries enter the DPRK.

Extending to the king of Zhuang Xiang, the country enjoys a shallow life and the country has nothing to do. When Emperor Fen VI was fierce, he made a long-term plan, captured the palace, swallowed the princes who died two weeks later, became Liuhe, conquered the world and whipped the world. Take the land of Baiyue in the south as Guilin and Xiang Jun; Baiyue Wang bowed his head and tightened his neck, appointing officials. So Meng Tian built the Great Wall and guarded the fence in the north, but the Huns were more than 700 miles away. The conference semifinals dare not go south to herd horses, and the scholars dare not bow to their knees. So let's abolish Wang Zhidao and burn the words of a hundred schools of thought. The famous city of Xi(Huē) killed heroes, gathered soldiers from all over the world, gathered in Xianyang, sold dysprosium (dí), and cast twelve gold men to weaken the people from all over the world. Then, Jianhua will become a city, because the river is a pool. According to the city of 100 million feet, it will be strong because of the unexpected abyss. A good general will guard the key points with a strong crossbow, and a loyal minister will be Chen Libing. The world is set, and the emperor's heart begins, thinking that Guanzhong is solid, Jincheng is thousands of miles away, and the descendants of the emperor will always have a career.

I have been shocked by this unusual custom since the first emperor died. However, the son of the urn and cable pivot, méng Li Zhimin, and migrants also; Talent is not as good as Chinese, not a sage, but a wealth of Yi (y ρ); Cui Deli was stubborn among the ranks and buildings, and hundreds of people turned to attack Qin, cut firewood for soldiers, unveiled the banner, and the world gathered to respond, grabbing food and chasing the scenery. Shandong Haojun rose together and Qin family died.

Moreover, the world is not small and weak, and Yongzhou is solid and self-sufficient. Chen She's position is not respected by Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei, Song, Wei and Zhongshan. Mow(y?u) and compassion (qín) are not the same as the hook halberd; The people stationed in the garrison are not resistant to the division of the nine countries; Visionary, marching with troops, not for the people of the times. However, success or failure is different, and achievements are the opposite. Why? Try to make duó bigger in Shandong and Chen She, and it will be out of the question in the same year. Qin, however, is a mere place, but it has become a thousand times more powerful, with eight countries in the same column, which has been more than a hundred years. Then take Liuhe as home and faith as palace; It's hard for one person to commit a crime (à n), and the seven temples are destroyed, and the hands are powerless. Why do you laugh for the world? Benevolence and kindness are not applied, and the tendency to attack and defend is different.

2. Original text (middle)

The Qin dynasty destroyed Zeus, merged with the sea, became a vassal, proclaimed himself emperor in the south, and supported the world. People in the world are as bright as the wind. If so, why? Yue: in recent times, there has been no monarch's inferiority, and five tyrants have been destroyed, making the world impossible. It is based on the governors' efforts to govern, bullying the weak, the public being violent and widowed, the soldiers constantly reforming, and the scholars stopping the disadvantages. Today, Qinnan is the king of the world, and the world has a son of heaven. Since the people of Yuan Yuan have saved their lives, they must be humble and look up. At this time, this is the foundation of security.

The king of Qin was greedy and self-motivated, didn't believe in heroes, didn't kiss gentry, abandoned kingship and set up an affair, burned documents and set up XX law, raped before righteousness, and began to be tyrannical. Husband merger is fraudulent and safe. This statement is not the same as keeping it. The Qin dynasty ruled the world from the Warring States period. Its way was not easy, and its politics remained unchanged, so it was preserved. There is loneliness, so its death can stand and stay. By letting the king of Qin discuss world affairs and traces of the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, he was able to control his politics. Although he is arrogant, he is not in danger. Therefore, the three kings built the world with their good names and long-term achievements.

Today, when Qin Ershi is established, the world must lead and observe its government. Cold people are greedy, and hungry people are willing to spoil chaff. The world is noisy, and the capital of the new master is also. This remark is easy for Wei Minren. Make the second trip to the Lord, be loyal to the Lord, be single-minded, worry about family troubles, and be guilty of the first emperor; After dividing the land into heroes, he will establish a national monarch and glory the world; Free from punishment and slaughter, in order to collect the crime of pollution, so that everyone turns against his village; Send granaries and scattered money to help the poor who are lonely; Give little to help the people; Make a promise of salvation and punishment, so that everyone in the world can turn over a new leaf, practice more and be careful of themselves; The hope of the people is blocked, and the world is freed by virtue. That is to say, everyone in the four seas is happy, and everyone is in his place, lest it change. Although there are cunning people, there is no desire to get out of the top, no unscrupulous ministers, no wisdom, but chaos.

The second one can't do this, but there is no way: bad ancestral halls and people, but also Epang Palace; There are countless heavy punishments, and the governance is unforgettable; Improper reward and punishment, excessive collection. There are many things in the world, and officials are undisciplined; The people are poor, but God has no pity on them. Then * false, up and down; There are many guilty people, and the punishment is across the road, and the world suffers. As for the masses who rise up and attack, the people are worried about themselves and are close to poverty, so they are uneasy and easy to move. Therefore, Chen She needs no soup, no warrior, no respect from vassals, and osawa who goes forward bravely, while those who respond to the world are in danger.

So the late king, seeing the same ending, knew the reason for survival. This is the way of herders. It's just a matter of security. Although there is a retrograde minister, there will be no response. Therefore, it is right to say that "it is safe for the people, and it is easy to be right and wrong when it is dangerous for the people." You are the son of heaven, rich and rich, you are in the slaughterhouse, right and wrong. It's also II's fault.

3. The original (below)

Qin was also a vassal of more than 30 counties in Shandong Province. He built the Tianjin Pass, blocked it according to the danger, and kept it. However, Chen She led hundreds of scattered people, shouting loudly and bravely. He doesn't use bows and arrows to attack soldiers, but he wanders around the world, watching the family for dinner. Qin people don't keep dangerous things, don't close beams, don't stab halberds, and don't shoot crossbows. Chu Division went deep and fought in Hong Men without obstacles. So the Shandong governors got together and stood side by side. Qin was made a general, and moved eastward. He wanted to stay in the city and secure the three armed forces. The distrust of ministers can be seen here. Ziying was established, but he didn't realize it. In order to let Zi Ying have the material to be the master and only get the assistant, although Shandong is chaotic, the land of Sanqin can be all there, and the ancestral temple sacrifice must not be lost.

The land of Qin is surrounded by mountains and rivers, and it is also a country that is blocked on all sides. Since Miao Gong, there have been more than twenty kings of Qin, and there are often princes and princes. Is this a saint? Its potential is incredible. And the world has tried to attack Qin wholeheartedly, but those who are trapped in obstacles and cannot enter are not brave enough and wise enough? The shape is unfavorable and the potential is inconvenient. Although Qin was a small city, it was cut into a big city and had to be defended by Eritrea. Princes start from ordinary people. In order to benefit society, they don't have a trip to the king. A friend is not close, but a man is not attached. It is called the death of Qin, but it is also beneficial. He saw that Qin Jun was hard to resist, and he would retreat. The case will help the people to deal with their disadvantages, and the weak will help them so that the king of a big country will not be complacent at home. You are the son of heaven, rich in the world, and as a bird, you can save the day.

The king of Qin is satisfied without seeking, and does not change it. Second, because of it, I will not change it. Tyranny is a serious disaster. Ziying is isolated and helpless. Is it inappropriate to die if the three masters are puzzled for life? At this time, it is not a person who knows things without foresight. However, he dared not be loyal to those who pointed them out. Qin Guan is forbidden, and good advice never dies. Therefore, everyone in the world listens, stands and keeps silent. Therefore, the three masters lost their way, loyal ministers did not remonstrate, and the wise men did not plan. The world is in chaos, and if you don't smell it, you will be sad! The late king knew that seclusion would harm the country, so he set up officials, doctors and scholars to punish the world with decorative methods. Also strong, no riots. Its weakness, Wang Ba levy and governors from it; Also cut it, keep it inside and attach it outside, and the country will survive. Therefore, the prosperity of the Qin Dynasty was also complicated and shocked the world. And its decline, people complain and rebel at home. Therefore, Zhou Wang's sequence has been successful for more than a thousand years; Qin lost its beginning and end, so it can't last long. From this point of view, the security system is far from complete.

A vulgar proverb says, "If you don't forget the past, you will know the future." It takes a gentleman as the country, looks at the past and looks at the present, participates in personnel, tests the theory of ups and downs, and judges the appropriateness of power, which is orderly and changes with time, so the country has long-term stability.

4. Translation (1)

Qin Xiaogong occupies the dangerous terrain of Xiaoshan and Hanguguan, owns the land of Yongzhou, is firmly guarded by the monarch and his subjects, seeks the right of the Zhou royal family, has the will to sweep the world, control the world and annex the four seas, and has the ambition to annex all countries. At that time, Shang Yang assisted him to establish internal laws and regulations, devoted himself to agriculture and textiles, and built defensive and offensive equipment; Lian Heng's strategy was adopted abroad, which made the governors to the east of Xiaoshan fight with each other. As a result, the Qin people easily seized the land outside the west of the Yellow River.

After Xiao Gong's death, Huiwen Wang and Hehe successively inherited the existing inheritance and followed the strategy of the previous generation, taking Hanzhong in the south, Bashu in the west, cutting fertile fields in the east and occupying very important areas in the north. Frightened, the princes gathered in an alliance and tried to weaken Qin. Don't be stingy with rare and precious utensils and fertile land to recruit talents from all over the world, and adopt the strategy of vertical integration to conclude a Covenant, help each other and become one. At this time, there were Qi, Zhao, Chu, Chun Shenjun and Wei, Xin Lingjun. These four monarchs are wise, resourceful, sincere and trustworthy, generous to others, and have great respect for talented people. They broke Qin Lian Heng's plan by contract, and formed the allied forces of Korea, Wei, Yan, Chu, Qi, Zhao, Song, Wei and Zhongshan. At this time, the scholars of the six countries were advised by Ning Yue, Xu Shang, Su Qin, Doukhi and others, while Qi Ming, Zhou Zui, Chen Yi, Zhao Liu, Lou Man, Zhai Jing, Su Li, Le Yi and others communicated, while Wuqi, Sun Bin, Dai Tuo, Ni Liang, Tian Ji, Lian Po, Zhao She and others commanded the army. They once attacked the pass of Qin with ten times the land of Qin and millions of troops. The National People's Congress of Qin opened its doors wide and led the enemy deep, but the troops of the nine countries hesitated and dared not enter the customs. The Qin people didn't spend a single soldier, and the princes in the world were already in panic. As a result, the vertical agreement failed, and the vassal States rushed to cede land to Qin. When Qin was sleepy, he came to XX, catching up with the defeated troops of the Nine Kingdoms. Millions of defeated soldiers were lying dead on the road, with rivers of blood and big shields floating. In this favorable situation, Qin cut off all the land in the world and re-divided the land of mountains and rivers. The powerful countries surrendered voluntarily, and the weak countries went to Qin to worship on time.

When King Xiaowen and King Zhuangxiang took turns to succeed to the throne, their rule was not long, and nothing important happened in the State of Qin. By the time of the first emperor, he developed the legacy of the Sixth World, ruled all countries by force, wiped out the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the Western Zhou Dynasty and all the vassal States, ascended the throne to control the world, enslaved the people all over the world with severe punishments and severe laws, and shocked the world. Taking Baiyue's land to the south and dividing it into Guilin County and Xiang Jun County, Baiyue's monarch bowed his head and tied a rope around his neck, leaving his life to the lower officials of Qin. So he sent Meng Tian north to build the Great Wall and guard the border, so that the Huns retreated more than 700 miles; Hu people (again) dare not come to the south to graze, and warriors dare not bow and shoot arrows for revenge. Then he abolished the ancient emperors' way of governing the country and burned the works of a hundred schools of thought in order to make the people ignorant. Destroy tall walls and kill heroes; Collect all the weapons in the world, concentrate them in Xianyang, destroy sharp swords and arrows, cast twelve bronze men, and weaken the resistance of the people. Then take Huashan as the city and the Yellow River as the pool moat, occupy Huashan and face the Yellow River, which is considered to be a dangerous and solid terrain. Excellent generals guard the key points with strong crossbows, and reliable officials and elite foot soldiers question passers-by with sharp weapons. The world is set, and the first emperor thought that relying on the dangerous terrain in Guanzhong and the solid Yugoslav capital of Fiona Fang, the imperial inheritance of later generations could be realized.

After the death of Qin Shihuang, his afterglow still shocked remote areas. However, Chen She was just a poor boy. He used a broken urn as a window and tied the door panel with a straw rope. He was a lower class man, and later he became a soldier who was transferred to the frontier. Talent is inferior to ordinary people, virtue is inferior to Confucius and Mozi, and wealth is inferior to Tao Zhugong and Eton. He joined the garrison, suddenly rose from the field, led tired soldiers, commanded a team of hundreds of people, turned around and attacked the State of Qin, broke branches as weapons, held bamboo poles as flags, and heroes all over the world responded and gathered. Many people followed him with food on their backs. Heroes and heroes east of Xiaoshan revolted together to destroy Qin.

Besides, the Qin dynasty, which ruled the country, has not been weakened, and the topography of Yongzhou, the dangers and solidity of Xiaoshan and Hanguguan are still the same as before. Chen She's position is not higher than that of Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei, Song, Wei and Zhong Shan. Hoe stick is not sharper than hook spear; The fighting capacity of the soldiers who fought in the frontier is not comparable to that of the nine armies; Chen She's strategy of leading troops is not as good as that of the military commanders and advisers of the nine countries. But those with good conditions failed, those with poor conditions succeeded, and their achievements were completely opposite. Why? If we compare the eastern countries with Chen She and measure their strength, it will be a world of difference. However, due to its small size, the State of Qin developed into a national situation, which attracted the return of eight states and made six princes appear before the court for more than 100 years. After that, I will own the world, with Lushan Mountain and Hanguguan as the inner palace. A garrison soldier attacked the country and died. All the grandchildren died at the hands of others and were laughed at by the whole world. What is the reason? Without benevolence and righteousness, the offensive and defensive situation will be different.

5. Translation (Chinese)

Qin unified the world, annexed the princes, proclaimed himself emperor in the court, and stipulated the four seas. Scholars all over the world praise the wind obediently. Why is this happening? The answer is: since ancient times, there has been no emperor who unified the world for a long time. The power of the Zhou royal family is very weak. After the five tyrants died one after another, the emperor's orders could not pass through the world. So the princes conquered each other by force, the strong invaded the weak, there were many bullies, the war continued, and the soldiers and civilians were tired. Now southern Qin Huang claims to be the emperor and rules the world, which means that there is a son of heaven in the world. In this way, those poor people all hope to live on him, and no one admires the emperor insincerely. At this time, it is the key to maintain authority and stabilize the results, whether it is stable or dangerous.

With the heart of greed and meanness, the king of Qin only wanted to display his personal wisdom, distrust the pack, not be close to the people, abandon benevolent governance and kingliness, establish personal authority, ban ancient books and poems, impose severe punishment and severe laws, put deceitful power ahead, put benevolence and trust behind, and regard XX as the premise of governing the world. To implement the merger, we should pay attention to bullying the market; To stabilize the country, we should pay attention to timely response: in other words, we cannot seize and protect the world in the same way. After the Warring States period, Qin unified the world, and its route and laws remained unchanged, which was the same as its method of seizing and protecting the world. The king of Qin alone owned the world, so his demise came soon. If the king of Qin can take into account the ancient situation and formulate and implement his own policies according to the road of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, then even if there are arrogant and extravagant monarchs, there will be no disaster of collapse and peril. Therefore, Yu Xia, Shang Tang, Zhou Wenwang and Zhou Wuwang have established a country with outstanding names and long-term achievements.

Nowadays, when Qin Ershi ascended the throne, no one in the world craned their necks to see his policies. People who are cold feel good in coarse cloth and short clothes, and people who are hungry feel sweet when they eat bran. The people all over the world wept bitterly because of the righteous act of the new emperor. This means that hard-working people are easy to accept benevolent governance. If II has the virtue of a general, he will employ loyal people, and his subjects will be single-minded and worry about the sufferings of the world. During the mourning period, he will correct the mistakes of the former emperor, cede the land to the people, reward the descendants of the heroes, seal the monarch, treat the sages of the world, release the prisoners from prison, exempt them from punishment, abolish the arbitrary punishment of confiscating their wives and children as official servants, and let the sentenced people return to their hometowns. Open positions and send money to help the poor; Reduce taxes, reduce labor, and help people relieve their urgent needs; Simplify the law, lighten the punishment, give criminals a chance to grasp the future, and let people all over the world turn over a new leaf, correct their evil deeds, and be cautious about themselves; Satisfy everyone's wishes, treat the world with prestige and kindness, and the world will be joined. If everyone in the world is happy to live and work in peace and contentment, and is afraid of accidents, then even if there are dishonest people, the people have not betrayed the heart of the country, and unscrupulous courtiers cannot hide his deception and chaotic conspiracy.

II did not practice this method, which destroyed the ancestral temple and harmed the people. It is more cruel and heartless than the first emperor. Epang Palace was rebuilt, with more punishments and more severe killings. Officials are harsh and vicious, improper rewards and punishments, unlimited taxes, and too many state affairs for officials to control. The people were extremely poor, but the monarch did not receive relief. So insurance fraud began to appear, cheating each other from top to bottom, and many people were punished. People who were punished on the road confronted each other before and after, and everyone in the world was in pain. From Jun Qing to the common people, everyone is in danger, living in poverty, and everywhere can't be quiet, so it's easy to XX. Therefore, Chen She did not rely on the talents of Shang Tang and Zhou Wuwang, nor did he borrow the dignity of governors. The reason is that people are in danger.

So the ancient holy king can see the changes from beginning to end and know the key to life and death. Therefore, the way to rule the people is to concentrate on stabilizing them. In this way, even if there are rebellious courtiers in the world, there will be no response and no help. The so-called "people in a stable state can be righteous with others, and people in distress are easy to do bad things together", that is to say, this situation. Noble enough to be the son of heaven, rich enough to own the world, but unable to avoid being killed, that is because the way to save the overthrown situation is wrong. This is II's fault.

6. Translation (below)

The Qin Dynasty annexed the vassals, and there were more than 30 counties in Shandong, which built ferries, occupied dangerous terrain, repaired weapons and guarded these places. However, Chen She shouted with hundreds of scattered soldiers, without weapons such as bows and arrows, spears and halberds, relying only on hoes and sticks. Although there is no provision, he can eat as long as he sees a house where people live, and he is invincible. The danger of the Qin dynasty could not be prevented, the bridge at the checkpoint could not be blocked, the halberd could not be stabbed, and the strong crossbow could not be shot. Chu Jun soon went deep into the territory, while Hong Men did not even touch the fence-like barrier in World War I.. So there was chaos in Shandong, governors rebelled in succession, and heroes made kings in succession. The King of Qin sent Zhang Han to lead an army to the East, and Zhang Han took this opportunity to meet foreign governors with the strength of the three armed forces, make a deal and plot his master. Qin Jun distrust liegeman, they are suspicious of each other, which can be seen from this incident. Zi Ying acceded to the throne, but it didn't come true in the end. If Zi Ying had the talent of a general and only got a gentle assistant minister, the territory of the State of Qin could be preserved despite the chaos in Shandong, and the sacrifices in the ancestral temple would not be cut off.

The terrain of Qin is blocked by mountains and surrounded by rivers, forming a solid defense. This is a country under siege. From Mu Gong to Qin Shihuang, more than 20 monarchs often ruled princes. Is it wise from generation to generation? This is caused by the status situation! Besides, all countries in the world once joined forces to attack Qin. At this time, sages and wise men gather together, good generals command armies of various countries, and wise men exchange strategies with each other. But when they were trapped by obstacles and could not move forward, Qin lured the princes to fight for them in Qin. As a result, Shandong's million-strong army fled and was in flight. Is it because courage, strength and wisdom are not enough? This is bad terrain. Inconvenient. Qin merged small cities into big cities and stationed troops in dangerous places to defend them. The camp was built so high that it was not easy to fight with the enemy. The gate is closed, the dangerous place is guarded, and the spear and halberd are on the shoulder. Vassals were born in Shu Ren and United for profit, but they didn't have the virtue of being respected and ascended the throne. Their communication is not intimate, and their subordinates are not attached. Nominally, it means to destroy Qin, but actually it is for personal gain. When they saw that it was difficult for Qin to invade, they had to retreat. If they can settle their homeland, let the people recuperate, wait for the decline of Qin, take in the weak, and help the poor, then with a monarch who can give orders to big countries, they don't have to worry about not realizing their wishes in the world. However, they were honored as the sons of heaven, rich in the world, but captured. This is because their strategy to save the defeat is wrong.

The king of Qin was content with his merits, and Dont Ask For Help taught him. In the end, he never made a mistake. The second inherited his father's mistake, but did not change it, which aggravated the disaster. Ziying is helpless and in danger, but he is weak and useless. Sanjun was lost all his life and didn't realize it. Isn't it right that the Qin Dynasty perished? At this time, no one had the foresight to understand the changes in the situation. However, they dare not try their best to correct the Lord's mistakes. It was because of the taboo rules in the atmosphere of the Qin Dynasty that their suggestions were killed before they were finished. So people in the world can only listen with their ears sideways, stand with their feet crossed, and dare not speak with their mouths closed. Therefore, the three kings lost their way, and the loyal ministers dared not remonstrate, and the wise men dared not remonstrate. The world is in chaos, and the emperor doesn't know it. Aren't you sad? The late king knew that congestion would harm the country, so he set officials, doctors and scholars to rectify the law and set penalties, so the world was governed. When it is strong, it is forbidden to punish XX for rebellion, and the world follows it; When weak, the five tyrants conquered the emperor and the princes obeyed; Cutting land can be kept inside and attached outside, and the country can be preserved. So when the Qin Dynasty was strong, many laws and severe punishments shocked the world. When it is weak, people hate it and the world betrays it. The titles of Duke, Hou, Bo, Zi and Gong in the Zhou Dynasty were in line with the fundamental road, so they were circulated in China for more than 1000 years. The Qin dynasty lost everything, so it can't last long. From this perspective, the difference between stable and dangerous subjects is too far!

As the saying goes, "If you don't forget the past, you will be a teacher of the future" (if you don't forget the past, you will be a teacher of the future). Therefore, gentlemen govern the country, study ancient history, research the contemporary situation, and test it through personnel, so as to understand the law of ups and downs, know in detail whether the strategy and situation are appropriate, and make choices in an orderly and timely manner, so the country is stable for a long time.