Principles and methods of purchasing raw materials for snack bars

Principles and methods of purchasing raw materials for snack bars

(1) Purchasing principles Good purchasing links are very important for the operation of snack bars, and adhering to principles will ensure smooth purchasing links Generally speaking, the basis of the process is the following three principles:

1. Determining the supply based on demand

Determining the supply based on demand is to determine the snack raw materials according to the demand situation of the snack bar. purchase quantity. For operators, the relationship between buying and selling is not about selling whatever snacks they plan to make; it is about what snacks customers need and what snacks customers like, and based on these conditions, they decide what raw materials to purchase. Therefore, the principle of determining the purchase based on demand is also called "progress based on sales", that is, purchasing what is sold and how much is sold, and the purchase volume is completely determined by the sales situation. The contradiction between purchase and sales can be solved by the principle of demand-determined purchase.

2. Diligence in work and sales is an important condition for accelerating capital turnover and avoiding the backlog of snack raw materials. It is also an important measure to promote business development. Snack shops must strive to use less capital to operate and develop, which is an important measure. Snack shops must strive to operate a wide range of varieties with less capital occupancy, speed up snack turnover, and do a lively business. Especially for stores like snack bars that have high requirements on turnover speed, it is very important to keep the raw materials fresh.

3. Honesty and trustworthiness

Snack shops must be honest and trustworthy in purchasing activities, ensure the legality, seriousness and effectiveness of the business contract, ensure the quality of raw materials, and better perform business operations The role of the operator in the operation, establishing a good image, and coordinating the relationship with relevant groups such as wholesalers, so that the purchase and sale of snack bars can be carried out more smoothly.

(2) Purchasing channels

Usually there are three main purchasing channels for snack bars: purchasing directly from manufacturers; purchasing from wholesalers; and uniformly distributed by franchisees to franchise stores.

Today, when supply is relatively abundant, when a store purchases snack raw materials and selects a supplier, there are three factors to consider: first, the variety, quantity, and quality of the raw materials supplied to the snack bar; second, the supply The credibility of the supplier, such as whether the production is normal, the quality is reliable, the price is commensurate, the performance of the contract, etc.; the third is the conditions of the supplier, such as distance, means of transportation, transportation routes, transportation costs, etc. In short, procurement decisions should be based on economic benefits, use scientific decision-making analysis methods, conduct comprehensive comparisons, and then find the best one among many suppliers to achieve optimal benefits in procurement activities.

(3) Procurement methods

There are many ways to purchase raw materials, and the raw material supply market is complex. There is no fixed model for determining which procurement method to use. The key to choosing the appropriate procurement method depends on the size of the kitchen and the situation of the local raw material market.

1. Budgetary purchasing

The purchasing method of snack bars usually uses "budgetary purchasing". When out of stock, the "buy now, sell now" method is also used. It is when the snack bar finds that it is out of stock; "budget purchasing" is to regularly decide the time and quantity of the purchase based on the operating conditions of the snack bar. This purchasing method is the most robust and avoids the temporary shortage of supply caused by "buy now and sell now".

2. Competitive price procurement

Competitive price procurement is suitable for food raw materials that are purchased frequently and often need to be purchased every day. Most of the purchasing business of fresh raw materials in snack bar kitchens is of this nature. The purchasing unit informs the relevant parties of the names and specifications of the canned and bagged dry food raw materials and fresh raw materials to be purchased by telephone or letter, or through direct contact (the purchasing staff goes to the supplier unit or the other party comes to the store). supplier and obtain quotations for the required raw materials.

Generally, each type of employee should obtain quotations from at least three supply units, and then based on the price of the market survey, then select the supplier with the most suitable quality of raw materials and the most favorable price, and let them according to the established Price, raw material specifications, and supply according to the quantity of each order.

Wait for a period (ranging from one week to 15 days depending on the nature of the raw materials and market conditions), then conduct inquiry and quotation, and determine the supplier. The advantage of this is that under the premise of relatively favorable prices, the supply unit and raw material specifications and prices can be relatively stable, and troubles can be reduced. The disadvantage is that it is sometimes constrained or constrained by fixed units and lacks flexibility.

3. Procurement by quotation

Although there are many purchasing methods in general snack bars at present, purchasing by quotation is the most widely used by people. This purchasing method is the simplest transaction method. , so it is more generally popular.

The definition of quotation procurement. It means that when a snack bar purchases goods, it first looks for an ideal supplier or source of goods, and then sends a purchase letter to the supplier for inquiry, asking the supplier to send a quotation, which includes: product name, quantity, unit, price, transaction conditions and validity time. Sometimes the seller will take the initiative to provide credit investigation information for reference in order to gain the buyer's trust. Sometimes the seller will also send "samples", "catalogs" and "instructions". If the buyer fully agrees with the quotation content, the quotation purchase and sale contract will be established.

4. No-choice purchasing

Snack bars sometimes encounter situations where a certain raw material that the kitchen needs to purchase is in short supply in the market, or only one unit supplies it. Or the kitchen has to get certain ingredients. In this case, snack bars often adopt a non-selective purchasing method. Using this method, snack bars often lose control of the cost of the raw materials. Therefore, it should only be used as a last resort, and usually there is always some bargaining before deciding to order.

5. Cost-plus purchase

When the price of a certain raw material fluctuates greatly or it is difficult to determine a suitable price, people often use the cost-plus method. The cost here refers to the raw material cost of supply units such as wholesalers and retailers. In some cases, both the supplier unit and the purchasing unit are unable to grasp the market price trends, so they use this method to close the deal. That is, a percentage is added to the cost of raw materials purchased by the supplier as the profit part of the supplier. For example, if the prices of swordfish and crabs that have just been put on the market fluctuate greatly, you can increase the price by about 10% on the basis of the supplier's purchase price as the purchase price of the snack bar. For the supplier, this method reduces the possible losses caused by a sudden drop in price; for the purchasing unit, the percentage of price increase is generally smaller, so it is more advantageous. The main difficulty in using this method is that it is difficult to accurately grasp the true cost of the supplier. Therefore, snack bars should not use cost-plus purchasing too many times.

6. Classified procurement

Classified procurement means that food raw materials, condiments, etc. belonging to the same category are purchased from the same supplier. For example, a snack bar purchases the flour it needs from a flour supplier, and purchases all condiment raw materials from the same condiment snack point. In this way, each time you only need to place an order with the supplier, receive one delivery, and process one invoice, saving manpower and time. The disadvantage is that some of the raw materials purchased may not be of the best quality in their category.

7. On-site valuation procurement

On-site valuation procurement is a procurement method in which buyers and sellers conduct face-to-face valuations and bargain before conducting transactions. This method of purchasing raw materials has problems with quality, service, and delivery time, so the buyer may not necessarily purchase from the cheapest supplier, but generally will conduct a quality survey in advance. If there are no problems with delivery time and service, the buyer will Some orders are made from cheaper suppliers.